坑口变电站边坡稳定勘察及防治对策分析

边坡治理是水库工程建设的难题之一，我国已经建设了相当数量的水库工程，但由于水库建设和运行期间产生人为干扰，水库涉水边坡的稳定性以及变电站的正常运行都会受到一定程度的影响，严重时还会造成一些边坡出现滑塌等问题。通过工程实际案例，分析了边坡主要不利因素，利用极限平衡法计算不同工况下白稳定系数，对边坡进行稳定性分析，提出可以利用抗滑桩、建立排水系统等措施提高抗滑力，最后得出地震作用是影响边坡稳定性最大的因素。     

陡立岩壁高层排架基础钢栈桥力学性能理论计算方法

阐述了高陡边坡治理中陡立岩壁高层钢排架基础钢栈桥稳定分析的内部构件力学性能的理论计算方法。采用理论分析方法对影响钢栈桥的主要因素进行分析,确定各种荷载工况,对结构的模型进行简化。选取最不利荷载工况,分析确定钢栈桥内力的计算方法和计算公式、钢栈桥基础构件强度、整体稳定、局部稳定以及刚度的分析计算方法和计算公式,并在工程实例中验证,为类似工程的设计计算及施工提供依据。     

水布垭水利枢纽马崖高边坡的稳定分析

通过对马崖高边坡的现场试验(包括点荷载试验、回弹法试验和声波测试)，得出了该边坡卸荷带分布的一些规律。并据此应用广义楔形体方法和优化理论分析了不同工况下边坡的安全系数和最危险滑动面的位置，同时应用蒙特卡罗模拟方法进行了边坡稳定的可靠性分析，最后得出了关于该边坡稳定分析的一些结论。     

SLOPE/W在某露天煤矿采掘场边坡稳定性分析中的应用

某煤矿采掘场非工作帮边坡为软岩高边坡,为分析边坡是否存在潜在安全隐患而影响施工进度及施工安全,进行了非工作帮边坡的稳定性分析。采用Geo-studio软件中的Slope/W模块建立了边坡的计算模型,并用Bishop法和Morgenstern-price法对暴雨工况和暴雨叠加地震工况进行计算,得出边坡的稳定性系数。推测的滑面计算结果与边坡稳定性评价的标准进行对比,发现计算结果与现场勘察后预测结论基本一致。该边坡整体稳定性为基本稳定。更多还原     

考虑降雨入渗及饱和-非饱和渗流作用下的土石坝边坡稳定性研究

在采用土体孔隙水压力描述非饱和土渗透特性的基础上,对某土坝模型进行了饱和—非饱和渗流计算,并应用于降雨入渗条件下的边坡稳定分析.计算成果表明,对于地下水位较深或可能出现浅层滑坡的情况,采用非饱和土强度理论得出的计算成果更为符合工程实际.     

南水北调高填方渠坡土壤 塑性变形稳定可靠度研究

文章针对南水北调高填方渠道边坡,将莫尔-库伦准则与概率可靠度理论相结合,建立了黏性土高填方渠坡土壤塑性变形失稳分析的可靠度模型,研究了渠坡内土壤塑性变形失稳的区域、形态及其对渠坡稳定的影响;研究了土壤特性指标变异对其塑性稳定可靠指标的影响。     

南水北调深开挖膨胀土渠道边坡稳定可靠度研究

针对南水北调深挖膨胀土渠道边坡稳定,将传统分析方法与概率可靠度理论结合,建立了边坡稳定体系可靠度模型。计算表明,渠坡内排水设施的有效性对渠坡稳定可靠度有显著影响,排水失效将导致边坡稳定失效概率大幅度提高;降低边坡土壤物理力学指标的变异度,可有效保证渠坡在施工与运行期间的稳定可靠度;所建边坡稳定体系可靠度模型,计算简单,便于工程实用。     

土石坝边坡稳定计算中C、φ指标的选用

本文依据凤翔县白荻沟水库除险加固工程初步设计大坝土工试验资料，结合碾压式土石坝设计规范《SDJ218～84》及《SL218—2001》对稳定计算中C、φ指标的选用要求，分别对该工程大坝边坡稳定进行了计算，最后提出关于土石坝边坡稳定计算中C、φ指标选用的一些认识，为类似工程设计提供一些经验。     

基于含水量变化对土体强度影响的高边坡稳定分析

利用土水特征曲线,建立了非饱和土含水量与强度的关系式,并用其对某高速公路残积土高边坡进行稳定分析。通过土体含水量在高边坡稳定分析中的应用,提出把含水量作为边坡稳定分析的重要参数,采用土体非饱和强度参数计算得到的边坡稳定安全系数比采用饱和强度参数得到的边坡稳定安全系数大,更接近边坡实际工况。     

南水北调中线穿黄工程黄土高边坡稳定性分析

为对南水北调中线穿黄工程南岸连接渠的边坡稳定性进行验证,采用常规极限平衡法、非饱和土理论和可靠度理论,选择南岸渠道3+500、4+500两个典型剖面进行了稳定计算、分析.瑞典圆弧法和简化毕肖普法计算结果表明:在施工、运行、地震、水位骤降等工况下,边坡稳定安全系数满足规范要求.可靠度计算结果表明:边坡可靠度为99.670%～99.997%,可靠性较高.     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。