牙科热压铸造技术对新型牙科玻璃陶瓷微观结构和性能的影响

实验的目的是分析牙科热压铸造技术对Li2O-SiO2-K2O-Al2O3-ZrO2-P2O5系新型牙科二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷的微观结构和性能的影响。X射线衍射(XRD)分析玻璃陶瓷的物相组成,扫描电镜(SEM)观察材料的微观结构,根据ISO6872标准测试材料的弯曲强度。结果表明,晶化热处理后的玻璃陶瓷的晶相组成以棒形的二硅酸锂为主,此新型陶瓷可以用商业化的设备进行热压铸造处理,热压后陶瓷的机械性能显著高于对照组,SEM显示与对照组相比,热压组陶瓷的晶体沿压铸方向呈现定向排列趋势,XRD显示热压后玻璃陶瓷的晶相组成未发生变化。通过牙科热压铸造技术,此种新型玻璃陶瓷内部形成各向异性的结构,获得较高的挠曲强度,可以满足牙科美学修复的要求。     

牙科热压技术对新型玻璃陶瓷微观结构和化学稳定性的影响

实验的目的是分析牙科热压技术对新型二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷微观结构和化学稳定性的影响.对Li2O-SiO2-K2O-Al2O3-Zr02-P2O2玻璃系统进行晶化热处理,应用牙科热压技术制备化学稳定性测试试件.X射线衍射(XRD)分析热压前后玻璃陶瓷的物相组成,扫描电镜(SEM)观察微观结构,根据ISO6872标准测试材料的化学稳定性.结果表明,热压前后玻璃陶瓷的晶相组成均以二硅酸锂(Li2Si2O5)为主,热压后,主峰强度增高,晶体尺寸增大,并且呈现沿热压方向的定向排列趋势.热压前后玻璃陶瓷的化学稳定性均符合ISO6872标准要求,热压组试件对化学腐蚀有较强的抵抗性.牙科热压技术能够改变实验玻璃陶瓷的微观结构,进而提高材料的化学稳定性.     

不同粉体粒度对二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷热压铸前后微观结构和性能的影响

分析了不同粒度对Li2O-SiO2-K2O-Al2O3-ZrO2-P2O5系新型齿科二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷在热压铸前后微观结构和性能的影响。分别用差热分析(DTA)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析了玻璃陶瓷的晶化温度、微观结构和物相组成。根据ISO6872标准测试材料的弯曲强度。结果显示,不同粉体粒度的玻璃陶瓷间微观形貌有明显差异;不同的粉体粒度和热压铸工艺对玻璃陶瓷的晶相组成无显著影响;不同粉体粒度的玻璃陶瓷在热压铸前后强度均有差异,热压铸后,各组弯曲强度显著提高,但是粒度的变化和强度之间无明确的相关性。结果表明,不同粒度对实验玻璃陶瓷的晶化行为和性能都有显著影响。     

低温烧结法制备LZS系微晶玻璃及其性能

采用烧结法制备出LZS系微晶玻璃.使用DTA分析了玻璃的析晶过程,运用XRD、SEM等对晶相和晶粒大小进行了观察和分析,讨论了温度对烧结程度、主晶相、晶体微观形貌及热膨胀系数的影响.结果表明:当晶化温度低于725℃时,主晶相为硅酸锂锌,次晶相为Li2ZnSiO4并有少量石英;温度高于725℃时,主晶相转变为石英,次晶相为硅酸锂锌和Li2ZnSiO4,为长度在1.5μm左右的棒状晶体.在700～725℃之间烧结接近完成.最佳烧结温度为725℃.微晶玻璃热膨胀系数与烧结程度、晶相含量和主晶相的热膨胀系数有关.     

新型低温泡沫玻璃陶瓷复合建筑保温材料制备

以Na2 O-B2 O3-Al2 O3-SiO2-H2 O系水合玻璃溶胶为基体,外掺一定尺寸的晶相矿物粉末粉煤灰,采用低温发泡及高温去羟基化二步热处理工艺制备低温泡沫玻璃陶瓷复合材料.粉煤灰引入的细小石英晶粒均匀分布于玻璃基体中,通过相互搭接形成一定的骨架支撑作用,增大了泡沫材料的孔壁强度,减小了高温去羟基化热处理过程中材料内羟基含量降低的同时伴随的收缩形变.研究结果表明,粉煤灰引入后,500℃下,材料的体积收缩由31％降至1％～5％,在粉煤灰外掺量达20～25 wt.％,去羟基化热处理时间在3 h及以上时,可制备出容重为192～256 kg/m3,软化系数达0.85～0.95,导热系数在0.06 W/(m·K)左右,综合性能优良的低温泡沫玻璃陶瓷复合建筑保温材料.     

不同硅源对硅酸锂高温吸收CO2的影响

以廉价、具有丰富孔结构的天然矿物硅藻土或人造沸石为硅源,与Li2 CO3采用高温固相法来合成可在高温直接吸收CO2的硅酸锂材料.考察了硅源和焙烧温度时硅酸锂材料高温吸收CO2性能的影响.采用XRD分析了合成材料的相组成,用同步热重分析仪(TG-DSC)研究了硅酸锂材料吸收CO2的性能.实验结果表明,以人造沸石为硅源,没...     

亚微米Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃制备

本文利用DTA、XRD和SEM对Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2(以下简称LAS)微晶玻璃核化晶化热处理制度及氟离子在该玻璃体系中的作用进行研究.通过分析得出:含氟LAS玻璃核化温度和晶化温度分别为620℃和710℃,比相同组份的不含氟Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2玻璃核化、晶化温度分别降低了40℃和160℃左右;引入氟离子明显降低LAS玻璃析晶温度,系统的活化能降低约54kJ/mol,当含氟LAS玻璃的核化时间为1h、晶化时间为4hrs,平均微晶颗粒尺寸在50nm左右.     

复合形核剂对CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系玻璃陶瓷微观结构与力学性质的影响

以CaO、MgO、Al2O3和SiO2为主要原材料,采用熔融法制备添加复合形核剂Cr2O3和CaF2的CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 (CMAS)系玻璃陶瓷,借助X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电子万能试验机等测试手段研究了复合形核剂对CMAS系玻璃陶瓷微观结构与力学性质的影响.结果表明:当试样中复合形核剂的组成变化时,其析出的主晶相类型不变,均为透辉石,主晶相的结构和含量发生变化,引起玻璃陶瓷力学性质的改变.     

ZrO2/钙铝硅系微晶玻璃复合材料热处理制度研究

采用Sol-gel法制备ZrO2/CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃复合材料,通过差热分析、X射线衍射和扫描电镜等对材料进行表征.结果表明:烧结温度范围为1035～1065℃,晶化温度约为870℃条件下所制得的复合微晶玻璃材料主晶相为t-ZrO2和β-CaSiO3,具有较高的抗折强度,可以用于制备高强度牙科材料.     

超低膨胀微晶玻璃产业现状及发展趋势

超低膨胀微晶玻璃主要是指以Li2O、Al2O3，SiO2为主要成分的玻璃经过严格的受控晶化处理后形成以β-石英固溶体为主晶相的透明微晶玻璃。     

Fabrication of CuO and Cu2O nanoparticles in a thick polyimide film by post heat treatment in a controlled-atmosphere

We investigated the formation of CuO or Cu2O nanoparticles in the thick polyimide films by oxidizing Cu nanoparticles at various temperatures during the post heat-treatment. Cu nanoparticles of 4-5 nm in diameter were initially formed in the polyimide film by the reaction between a Cu film and a polyimide precursor, polyamic acid, and a following thermal curing in a reducing atmosphere. After the subsequent post heat-treatments in oxidizing atmospheres, X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that initial metallic Cu nanoparticles were transformed to Cu2O or CuO nanoparticles depending on the temperature during the post heat-treatment. Cu nanoparticles were oxidized to Cu2O during the post heat-treatment at low temperature while Cu nanoparticles were oxidized to CuO during the post heat-treatment at high temperature. Cross-sectional TEM studies showed that about 4.7 nm sized Cu2O nanoparticles or 4.7-5.2 nm sized CuO nanoparticles were fabricated in a thick polyimide film depending on the post heat-treatment condition. In the optical absorption measurements, the absorption peak from surface plasmon resonance of Cu nanoparticles disappeared during the post heat-treatment in an oxidizing atmosphere.     

制备条件对纳米NiO微粉的影响

用化学沉淀法制备了纳米立方NiO的微粉 ,研究了介质 pH、不同沉淀剂和热处理温度对纳米NiO粒子大小和聚结状态的影响。用NaOH作沉淀剂 ,控制介质 pH为 9～10 ,经 2 70～ 30 0℃热处理 4h ,制备得到粒子尺寸约 5nm ,在水中易重新分散的纳米NiO微粉     

直接共沉淀法制备掺杂α-Fe_2O_3及其气敏性能的初步研究

采用直接共沉淀法制备(掺杂)α-Fe2O3粉体并对其气敏性能进行了初步研究。采用正交实验法将各实验参数(反应物Fe3+浓度、Sn4+/Fe3+摩尔比、反应液pH值和烧结温度)有规律组合,用直接共沉淀法制备出一系列刚玉型结构的(掺杂)α-Fe2O3粉体,并用厚膜工艺将粉体涂在云母基片上制成了气敏元件。通过对粉体的XRD测试与分析发现,部分Sn4+以类质同象方式进入到α-Fe2O3晶格中,代替了Fe3+,改变了α-Fe2O3的晶胞参数;通过测试元件在不同温度下对甲烷的气敏性能,结果表明,掺杂提高了α-Fe2O3的气敏性,且得到了制备(掺杂)α-Fe2O3粉体的最佳参数。     

Effect of the size of nuclei on crystallization behavior of Li2O · 2SiO2 glass

Crystallization peak temperature was measured for Li₂O · 2SiO₂ glass with various number densities of nuclei induced by long heat-treatment (405 h) at 460°C. Its crystallization process of Li₂O · 2SiO₂ glass was simulated numerically in order to examine the effect of the initial size of nuclei on crystallization behavior, and the relationship between crystallization peak temperature and the number density of nuclei in the glass was considered. It was found that the effect of nuclei size is not significant when the heat-treatment temperature is lower than 460°C. By considering the effect of nuclei size, number density of nuclus was evaluated by DTA method accurately.     

热处理温度对熔融分相法制备纳米TiO2影响的研究

用熔融分相法制备TiO2光催化材料的原理基于通过调节分相结构控制析晶尺寸。本文重点研究在制备过程中热处理条件对玻璃分相与TiO2析晶及光催化效果的影响。试样的组成选在Na2O-B2O3-SiO2-TiO2体系的分相区域,1300℃熔融,在不同的温度下进行热处理,经酸处理后得到负载于富硅多孔玻璃的纳米TiO2光催化材料。结果表明为使分相尺寸与TiO2析晶速度相匹配,获得最佳的光催化效率,对不同组成的试样热处理条件以575～600℃／12h为宜。     

Optical properties of electrochemically deposited ZnO thin films on colloidal crystal film of SiO2 microspheres

The optical properties of electrochemically deposited ZnO thin films on colloidal crystal film of SiO2 microspheres structures were studied. Colloidal crystal film of SiO2 microspheres were self-assembled by evaporation using SiO2 in solution at a constant 0.1 wt%. ZnO in thin films was then electrochemically deposited on to colloidal crystal film of SiO2 microspheres. During electrochemical deposition, the content of Zn(NO3)2 x 6H2O in solution was 5 wt%, and the process's conditions were varied between of 2-4 V and 30-120 s at room temperature, with subsequent heat-treatment between 200 and 400 degrees C. A smooth surface and uniform thickness of 1.8 microm were obtained at 3 V for 90 s. The highest PL peak intensity was obtained in the ZnO thin film heat-treated at 400 degrees C. The double layered ZnO/SiO2 colloidal crystals showed clearly better emission properties than the SiO2/ZnO and ZnO structures.     

Y2O3与Gd2O3共掺杂SrZrO3热障涂层材料的热物理性能

采用固相反应法合成了5mol%Y2O3与5mol%Gd2O3共掺杂SrZrO3(Sr(Zr0.9Y0.05Gd0.05)O2.95,SZYG)粉末.采用X射线衍射(XRD)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)分别研究了SZYG粉末在1450℃长期热处理后以及200~1400℃范围内的相稳定性.采用高温热膨胀仪测量了SZYG块材的热膨胀系数,结果表明:通过Y2O3与Gd2O3共掺杂改性可以明显抑制SrZrO3的相转变.在1000℃下SZYG块材的热导率是～1.36 W/(m.K),与SrZrO3和8YSZ块材相比降低~35%SZYG分别与8YSZ和Al2O3在1250℃热处理24 h表现出很好的化学相容性.     

Preparation of carbon materials doped with metal compounds

Doped exfoliated graphite has been prepared via anodic oxidation of natural dispersed graphite in solutions of magnesium, lanthanum, and silver nitrates, followed by heat treatment. The physicochemical properties of the carbon materials thus prepared have been shown to depend on the nature and concentration of the metal nitrate and the electrochemical oxidation and heat-treatment conditions. The thermal behavior of imperfect oxidized graphite, a precursor to exfoliated graphite, has been studied. A method has been proposed for the fabrication of exfoliated graphite/M(O) (M = La, Mg, Ag) composites containing 1–7 at % M and having a large specific surface area: 80–110 m²/g.     

TiO2对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系玻璃晶化机理的影响

使用差热分析（DTA）方法研究了TiO2对CaO－Al2O3－SiO2系玻璃晶化机理的影响，发现在CaO－Al2O3－SiO2系玻璃中，引入TiO2有助于玻璃网络聚合程度的降低，从而导致玻璃的粘度减小，转变温度Tg和析晶峰温度Tp的降低.玻璃的析晶难易程度和析晶峰温度的高低不存在相互对应关系．CaO－Al2O3－SiO2系玻璃中，不管是否加入TiO2，均以表面晶化为主，TiO2的晶核剂效果不显著．充分的核化热处理也不能促使含TiO2的CaO－Al2O3－SiO2系玻璃发生体积晶化，TiO2的含量越高，核化热处理后玻璃的表面晶化效果越显著．     

SiO2–TiO2 porous materials prepared using (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium silicate as a silica source

SiO₂–TiO₂ porous materials containing anatase as the crystalline TiO₂ phase have been synthesized by heat-treatment at 650°C of gels formed from methanolic solutions of (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium silicate, which had the cubeoctameric silicate structure in its backbone, and titanium bis(triethanolaminate). Gelation time of the solutions ranged from 12 to 250 h, which depended on the Ti-to-Si atomic ratio within the limits of 0.1 and 2.0. However, addition of a small amount of H₂O drastically reduced the gelation time. Hydrolysis of the titanium compound seemed to promote the sol–gel reaction. A gel prepared from the methanolic solution with a Ti-to-Si ratio of 1.0 gave the porous substance with the highest BET surface area (496 m² g⁻¹) by the heat-treatment, and the average pore diameter of the substances increased with increasing Ti-to-Si ratio. The product prepared from a solution with an extra amount of H₂O revealed similar porous properties to that prepared without the addition of H₂O, indicating that the addition of H₂O to the starting solution is effective for producing the porous materials in a shorter reaction time.