纳米TiO_2光催化降解次甲基蓝的影响因素研究

以TiCl4为原料,采用水解沉淀法,并在空气气氛下于不同温度煅烧2h,制备得到纳米TiO2。采用XRD、TEM及UV-Vis对样品进行表征。在卤钨灯照射下,研究了不同煅烧温度、不同pH值以及H2O2的加入等因素对TiO2光催化降解次甲基蓝的影响。结果表明:以水解沉淀法制备的纳米TiO2,随煅烧温度的提高,在600℃开始向金红石相转变,1000℃时全部转变为金红石相,并且TiO2粒子长大,吸收带边向长波方向移动。锐钛矿相与金红石相共存的纳米TiO2比纯锐钛矿相和金红石相有更优异的光催化活性,在卤钨灯下照射90min,对次甲基蓝的降解率达到97%。     

不同形貌TiO2微晶光催化降解甲基橙的研究

分别以钛酸正丁酯和四氯化钛为前驱体,以十二烷基苯磺酸钠(DBS)、十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMCS)为形状控制剂,利用溶胶-凝胶法制备不同形貌的TiO2微晶,并以甲基橙为模型化合物考察其光催化活性.XRD分析结果表明焙烧温度为500℃时所得TiO2均为锐钛型晶相.UV-vis分析表明加表面活性剂时所制备TiO2微晶吸收发生红移,带隙能下降.加SDS时所得立方形TiO2微晶的光催化活性高于其他样品.焙烧温度为600℃时TiO2微晶光催化活性最强,对甲基橙的降解速率最快.     

纳米BiVO_4的微波合成及其光催化性质

以五水硝酸铋和五氧化二钒为原料,通过微波合成法制备了纳米BiVO4,采用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征了样品的形貌、结构和特性。XRD表明所制备的样品是纯的单斜晶型BiVO4;SEM显示样品的形貌呈层状结构;TEM进一步指出这些片层结构是由小粒子聚集而成的多孔结构。以催化降解甲基橙来考察其光催化性能。在100mL的10mg/L甲基橙溶液中加入0.12g经673K恒温热处理2h后的BiVO4及0.2mL H2O2,调节pH值为3.0,在可见光下照射90min后,降解率达到94.70%,催化性能良好。     

掺Pb的TiO2纳米功能材料的制备及其光催化性能

采用溶胶－凝胶法制备了掺Pb的摩尔比分别为0.5%、1%、3%、5%、7%、10%的改性TiO2纳米粒子，并利用XRD和UV－VIS检测技术对所制得的样品进行了表征，考察了焙烧温度和掺Pb量对材料组成、结构和光学性质的影响；另外，以模拟太阳光下苯酚的光催化降解为模型反应，对Pb改性的TiO2纳米粒子的光催化活性进行了评价，考察了掺Pb量对材料催化性能的影响。结果表明，掺入适量的Pb后，TiO2纳米粒子的光催化活 性得到较大的提高，这可能是由于Pb进入TiO2晶格中生长成了新相PbxTi1-xO2，从而使材料的光响应范围向可见光区移动，提高了对可见光的利用率。本实验表明，掺Pb的摩尔比为3％的改性TiO2纳米粒子的光催化活性最高。     

锐钛纳米TiO_2制备及表面性质测定

以TiCl4为原料,加入硫酸盐作为添加剂,采用沸腾回流强迫水解法成功地制备了粒度小、粒径分布窄的锐钛型纳米TiO2,用粒度分布仪、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射计检测了产物形貌、粒径及晶型。同时,采用接触角测量仪、Zeta电位仪、分光光度计等对样品表面性能进行测定。结果表明,通过控制浆液和SO24-离子的浓度,加入分散剂六偏磷酸钠,选择适宜的固液比及pH值等因素,可得到粒度分布窄、在水中分散均匀的锐钛纳米TiO2,为纳米TiO2的有机修饰做好必要的前期准备。     

TiO_2(Ag)纳米半导体薄膜的制备及其光催化性能

对热解Ｔｉ（ＯＣ４Ｈ９）４＋ＡｇＮＯ３溶胶制备的ＴｉＯ２（Ａｇ）纳米半导体薄膜光催化特性与其结构的关系进行了研究。薄膜对二卡基砜的光催化降解结果表明,热解温度显著影响薄膜的光催化作用,这与ＴｉＯ２微粒的长大和晶相转变有关;适量的Ａｇ作活性剂可以显著改善薄膜的光催化性能。     

纳米TiO_2的光催化机理及其影响因素分析

介绍了纳米TiO2光催化技术的研究进展,分析了纳米TiO2的光催化机理,详细论述了影响TiO2光催化活性的主要因素。研究发现,晶粒尺寸越小光催化活性越高;贵金属沉积可提高催化剂表面光生载流子的分离效率,能抑制电子与空穴的复合;半导体耦合有利于电荷分离,扩展对光谱吸收范围;掺杂金属可引起TiO2晶格发生位置缺陷,从而抑制电子与空穴的复合,改善光催化性能;掺杂非金属在抑制晶型转变、改变样品的光吸收率以及抑制光生载流子复合等方面具有显著影响,能提高纳米TiO2的光催化效率。     

锐钛型掺铁TiO_2可见光催化降解苯胺的研究

为了研究掺铁TiO2对苯胺的光催化降解效果,以硫酸钛为原料采用水热法制备了锐钛型掺铁TiO2粉末,确定了它在可见光照射下对苯胺溶液的催化降解工艺条件。结果表明,在如下最佳条件下:苯胺初始质量浓度(0)为50 mg/L,溶液pH=7,掺铁0.2%(摩尔分数)的锐钛型TiO2的质量浓度为1.0 g/L,室温(17℃)下可见光照射反应1 h,苯胺的降解率达到71.46%。     

纳米TiO_2半导体催化活性的研究进展

纳米TiO2半导体催化技术具有广阔的应用前景,近年来半导体光催化已成为功能陶瓷材料、光化学、环境保护、生物技术等领域的研究热点之一。本文简要介绍了近年来国内外纳米TiO2半导体光催化剂的研究进展,主要包括纳米TiO2光催化剂的作用机理及结构的影响;提高催化活性的方法,指出了表面贵金属沉积、复合半导体、金属离子掺杂和表面光敏化是提高催化活性和催化效率的有效途径。     

N掺杂纳米TiO_2的制备及光催化性能研究

以盐酸羟胺为N源,按r(盐酸羟胺:钛酸四丁酯)分别为1:2,1:1,3:2,2:1和3:1掺杂,采用sol-gel法一步制备N掺杂纳米TiO2。研究了焙烧温度和N掺杂量对样品晶相结构及其在紫外光和紫外–可见光下对罗丹明B光催化活性的影响。结果表明,增大N掺杂量可抑制样品由锐钛矿相向金红石相转变。r(盐酸羟胺:钛酸四丁酯)为2:1时,样品经500℃焙烧后对罗丹明B的紫外光催化降解率1h内达54.81%,样品经600℃焙烧后对罗丹明B的紫外–可见光催化降解率2h内可达99.13%。     

Nanosized Anatase TiO2 Single Crystals with Tunable Exposed (001) Facets for Enhanced Energy Conversion Efficiency of Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

This paper reports the synthesis of nanosized TiO₂ single crystals with different percentages of exposed (001) facets in the presence of HF solution. Various characterizations are conducted to understand the correlation between particle morphology, exposed (001) facets and photo‐conversion efficiency of the nanosized anatase TiO₂ single crystals. An enhancement in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) overall conversion efficiency is observed for the photoanode consisting of nanosized TiO₂ single crystals with higher percentage of exposed (001) facets, increasing from 7.47%, 8.14% to 8.49% for the TiO₂ single crystals with ca. 10%, 38%, and 80% percentage of exposed (001) facets. Experimentally confirmed by dark current potential and open‐circuit voltage decay scans, such highly exposed (001) facets are not only favorable for more dye adsorption but also effectively retard the charge recombination process in DSSCs.     

锐钛矿相TiO2电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理计算

采用第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法计算了锐钛矿相TiO2的电子结构和光学性质,并从理论上分析了它们之间的关系.利用精确计算的能带结构和态密度分析了电子带间跃迁占主导地位的锐钛矿相TiO2的介电函数、复折射率、反射率和吸收系数,理论计算得到的结果与实验测量结果基本一致.结果表明锐钛矿相TiO2在E//c和E上c两个极化方向上具有明显的光学各向异性,为锐钛矿相TiO2的应用提供了理论依据.     

锐钛矿相TiO2电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理计算

采用第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法计算了锐钛矿相TiO2的电子结构和光学性质,并从理论上分析了它们之间的关系.利用精确计算的能带结构和态密度分析了电子带间跃迁占主导地位的锐钛矿相TiO2的介电函数、复折射率、反射率和吸收系数,理论计算得到的结果与实验测量结果基本一致.结果表明锐钛矿相TiO2在E//c和E上c两个极化方向上具有明显的光学各向异性,为锐钛矿相TiO2的应用提供了理论依据.     

溶胶–凝胶法WO_3纳米粉体的气敏性能研究

采用溶胶–凝胶法制得了不同掺杂量的TiO2-WO3(TiO2质量分数为0~5%)纳米粉体材料,利用X射线衍射仪、透射电镜等测试手段分析了材料的微观结构,并进行了气敏性能测试。研究发现:适量TiO2的掺杂可改变WO3的晶型,抑制晶粒的生长,提高粉体材料的气敏性能,其中掺杂量为3%的烧结型气敏元件在220℃时对汽油有较高的灵敏度,线性检测范围较宽,且抗干扰能力强。     

掺TiO2的ZnO薄膜气敏特性研究

用直流磁控溅射法分别在Si(111)基片及陶瓷基片上制备掺有TiO2的ZnO薄膜,并进行500℃、700℃退火处理,对掺杂前后ZnO薄膜进行XRD分析,测试各掺杂样品气敏特性.500℃退火后,各掺杂样品对有机气体有较高的灵敏度,随着掺杂时间延长,气敏特性提高.700℃退火后,2 min掺杂的样品对乙醇有很高的灵敏度和很好的选择性,最佳工作温度为220℃左右.而其他掺杂量的样品对乙醇气体灵敏度低,随着掺杂时间延长,气敏特性降低.     

Battery Performance and Photocatalytic Activity of Mesoporous Anatase TiO2 Nanospheres/Graphene Composites by Template‐Free Self‐Assembly

Nanosized mesoporous anatase TiO₂ particles have important applications in high‐performance lithium ion batteries and efficient photocatalysis. In contrast to the conventional synthesis routes where various soft or hard templates are usually employed, the direct growth of uniform mesoporous anatase TiO₂ nanospheres on graphene sheets by a template‐free self‐assembly process is presented. Compared to the conventional mesoporous anatase particles consisting of polycrystalline TiO₂, the microstructure of obtained mesoporous anatase nanospheres on graphene sheets is single‐crystal‐like. The growth mechanism, lithium ion battery performance, and photocatalytic activity of the resultant mesoporous anatase TiO₂ nanospheres/graphene composites are thoroughly investigated. In comparison to the reference TiO₂, the composite shows substantial improvement in lithium specific capacity from 1 C to 50 C, and photocatalytic removing organic pollutant and hydrogen evolution. More strikingly, the specific capacity of the composite at the rate of 50 C is as high as 97 mA h g^?1, 6 times higher than that of the reference TiO₂.     

Well‐Ordered Large‐Pore Mesoporous Anatase TiO2 with Remarkably High Thermal Stability and Improved Crystallinity: Preparation,Characterization, and Photocatalytic Performance

Thermally‐stable, ordered mesoporous anatase TiO₂ with large pore size and high crystallinity has been successfully synthesized through an evaporation‐induced self‐assembly technique, combined with encircling ethylenediamine (EN) protectors to maintain the liquid crystal mesophase structure of TiO₂ primary particles, followed by calcination at higher temperature. The structures of the prepared mesoporous TiO₂ are characterized in detail by small‐angle and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectra, N₂ adsorption/desorption isotherms, and transmission electron microscopy. Experimental results indicate that the well‐ordered mesoporous structure could be maintained up to 700 °C (M700) and also possesses large pore size (10 nm), high specific BET surface area (122 m² g^?1), and high total pore volumes (0.20 cm³ g^?1), which is attributed to encircling EN protectors for maintaining the mesoporous framework against collapsing, inhibiting undesirable grain growth and phase transformation during the calcination process. A possible formation mechanism for the highly stable large‐pore mesoporous anatase TiO₂ is also proposed here, which could be further confirmed by TG/FT‐IR in site analysis and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The obtained mesoporous TiO₂ of M700 exhibit better photocatalytic activity than that of Degussa P25 TiO₂ for degradation of highly toxic 2,4‐dichlorophenol under UV irradiation. This enhancement is attributed to the well‐ordered large‐pore mesoporous structure, which facilitates mass transport, the large surface area offering more active sites, and high crystallinity that favors the separation of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs, confirmed by surface photovoltage spectra.