基于近似Markov Blanket和动态互信息的特征选择算法

针对大量无关和冗余特征的存在可能降低分类器性能的问题,提出了一种基于近似Markov Blanket和动态互信息的特征选择算法。该算法利用互信息作为特征相关性的度量准则,并在未识别的样本上对互信息进行动态估值,利用近似Markov Blanket原理准确地去除冗余特征,从而获得远小于原始特征规模的特征子集。通过仿真试验证明了该算法的有效性。以支持向量机为分类器,在公共数据集UCI上进行了试验,并与DMIFS和ReliefF算法进行了对比。试验结果证明,该算法选取的特征子集与原始特征子集相比,以远小于原始特征规模的特征子集获得了高于或接近于原始特征集合的分类结果。     

基于信息粒化的多标记特征选择算法

特征选择旨在从原始特征空间中选择一组规模较小的特征子集,在分类学习任务中提供与原集合近似或更好的性能.文中提出基于信息粒化的多标记特征选择算法,融合标记权重与样本平均间隔,将改进的邻域信息熵应用到特征选择过程中.在6组数据集以及5个评价指标上的实验表明文中算法在分类上的有效性.     

面向函数型数据的快速特征选择方法*

函数型数据的特征选择是从庞大的函数信息中选出那些相关性小、代表性强的少部分特征,以简化后期分类器的计算,提高泛化能力.由于特征选择方法用于函数数据分类效果并不理想,文中提出面向函数型数据的结合主成分分析法和最小凸包法的快速特征选择(FFS)方法,可以快速获得稳定的特征子集.此外,考虑到特征之间可能存在相关性,将FFS的结果作为其它方法的初始特征子集,故融合FFS与条件互信息方法.在UCR数据集上的实验证明FFS的有效性,并通过对比实验给出在不同时间代价和分类精度需求下的方法选择策略.     

DPFS：一种基于动态规划的文本特征选择算法

在文本特征选择过程中,针对原始特征空间维数过高、计算量过大、并且存在较大不相关性和冗余性,提出了一种基于动态规划思想的文本特征选择算法(DPFS).首先,结合动态规划思想,基于特征与类别的相关性分析,对原始特征集合进行特征筛选,保留与类别具有强相关性和弱相关性的特征;然后,再次结合动态规划思想,对特征子集做冗余性分析,滤除弱相关且冗余的特征;最后,得到一个近似最优特征子集.实验结果表明,此算法在对数据降维和在降维过程中减少计算量是有效的.     

基于相对分类信息熵的进化特征选择算法*

针对离散值数据集特征选择问题,提出基于相对分类信息熵的进化特征选择算法.使用遗传算法搜索最优特征子集,使用相对分类信息熵度量特征子集的重要性.以相对分类信息熵作为适应度函数,使用二进制编码问题的解,使用赌轮方法选择产生下一代个体.实验表明文中算法在测试精度上优于其它方法,此外还从理论上证明文中算法的可行性.     

基于假设检验的文本分类特征选择

在T-C(term-category)双向四格表中,特征与文档类相互独立与它们互不相关是等价的.基于此,本文应用了两种新颖的独立性假设检验方法来度量特征与文档类的相关程度,从文本集特征空间中选择能够高度代表文档内容的特征子集用于文本分类.实验结果表明,把假设检验应用于文本分类特征选择中,有利于提高分类性能.     

一种文本特征选择方法的研究

在文本分类中,对高维的特征集进行降维是非常重要的,不但可以提高分类精度和效率,也可以找出富含信息的特征子集.而特征选择是有效降低特征向量维数的一种方法.目前常用的一些特征选择算法仅仅考虑了特征词与类别间的相关性,而忽略了特征词与特征词之间的相关性,从而存在特征冗余,影响了分类效果.为此,在分析了常用的一些特征选择算法之后,提出了一种基于mRMR模型的特征选择方法.实验表明,该特征选择方法有助于提高分类性能.     

基于量子进化算法的包装式特征选择方法

针对监督分类中的特征选择问题, 提出一种基于量子进化算法的包装式特征选择方法. 首先分析了现有子集评价方法存在过度偏好分类精度的缺点, 进而提出基于固定阈值和统计检验的两种子集评价方法. 然后改进了量子进化算法的进化策略, 即将整个进化过程分为两个阶段, 分别选用个体极值和全局极值作为种群的进化目标. 在此基础上, 按照包装式特征选择遵循的一般框架设计了特征选择算法. 最后, 通过15个UCI数据集分别验证了子集评价方法和进化策略的有效性, 以及新方法相较于其它6种特征选择方法的优越性. 结果表明, 新方法在80%以上的数据集上取得相似甚至更好的分类精度, 在86.67%的数据集上选择了特征个数更小的子集.     

一种基于支持向量机的特征选择算法

当特征集合存在强相关的特征子集且共同对分类问题有重要贡献时,传统方法通常从该子集中随机选择一个特征,导致数据可读性和分类性能下降.为此,面向多分类问题,提出一种基于支持向量机的特征选择算法,并设计一种快速迭代算法.该算法能够自动选择或剔除强相关的特征子集,在得到有效特征的同时实现特征降维.利用人工数据集和标准数据集进行试验,结果表明文中算法在特征选择可行性和有效性方面都有良好表现.     

使用特征分辨率和差别对象对集的特征选择

特征选择是文本分类的关键步骤之一,所选特征子集的优劣直接影响文本分类的结果。首先简单分析了几种经典的特征选择方法,总结了它们的不足,然后提出了特征分辨率的概念,并提出了一个基于差别对象对集的属性约简算法,最后把该属性约简算法同特征分辨率结合起来,提出了一个新的特征选择方法。该方法首先利用特征分辨率进行特征初选以过滤掉一些词条来降低特征空间的稀疏性,然后利用所提属性约简算法消除冗余,从而获得较具代表性的特征子集。实验结果表明此种特征选择方法效果良好。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.