OKP产品开发模式特征分析及实现方法研究

随着企业越来越关注客户需求,力求达到对市场的快速响应,单件产品生产(OKP)成为本世纪一种新的制造范例。OKP的高度定制化及其如何快速满足顾客需求是困扰OKP企业的难题所在。分析OKP生产模式的基本思想,研究这种产品开发模式的重要特征,提出一种在全球制造环境下实现OKP产品快速开发的具体方法。为我国OKP企业成功实施产品开发、提高企业竞争力提供了借鉴。     

Internet-based DFX for rapid and economical tool/mould making

Computer Internet communication technology offers tremendous potential for building computer communication and software platforms for rapid development of OKP products to meet global competition. In the past few years, a variety of Internet-based systems have been developed for the purpose of Rapid Product Development (RPD). Among these systems, Internet-based “Design for X (DFX)” systems have been recognized as efficient tools for implementing concurrent engineering and playing a key role in RPD. Internet-based DFX or IDFX systems can be applied by manufacturing companies to rapidly produce high-quality products with low costs and thus higher profits. However, the implementation of IDFX systems is not an easy task. The reason is that many new techniques are involved in the application of the IDFX and the PD processes are normally sophisticated and vary with product development environments. In this paper, as illustrated by case studies, two typical applications of IDFX, i.e. Internet-based design for manufacture (IDFM) and Internet-based design for cost (IDFC) systems, are proposed for rapid and economical tool/ mould making. The structure and the key models of the systems are discussed.     

A decision support system for rapid one-of-a-kind product development

A decision support system (DSS) is a specific class of computerized information systems that support decision-making activities. Such a system has become paramount in supporting manufacturing activities with the development of World Wide Web (WWW) technology in recent years. The research and development of a knowledge-based DSS dedicated to rapid one-of-a-kind products (OKPs), however, has, to the author’s knowledge, rarely been directly studied. This work presents a knowledge-based DSS for supporting decision-making activities in developing OKPs using broad knowledge base content. The underlying architecture of the proposed system is a system that manages and optimizes the data, information and knowledge in the product development process. A knowledge structure model is proposed in this paper, and a comprehensive set of expert knowledge and analytical/numerical methods are integrated into the system to automate intelligent decision-making. Case studies have shown that the knowledge-based DSS is able to help OKP companies develop new products more quickly by sharing optimization tools, information and knowledge to reduce possible errors and rework.     

A case study on the object-oriented framework for modeling product families with the dominant variation of the topology in the one-of-a-kind production

Traditional configuration-based product family modeling techniques do not yield favorable solutions for modeling the product families with the dominant product topology variations. This paper presents the case study for the modeling of variations of the product configuration, parameters, and topologies in mass production of custom windows and doors in a one-of-a-kind production (OKP) company. The case study is based on the object-oriented product family modeling framework we developed for OKP which is characterized by the dominant product variation by topology. The problem of variation in topology in our framework is solved by the manual model transformation in the computer-aided design module which creates a new metamodel of products with the desired topology and which is the basis for a further, automatic model transformation. Usage of our framework has a positive effect on the level of the product customizations and shortening of the leading time which helps OKP companies in obtaining a better position at the market. Our software solution for the designing and manufacturing of custom windows and doors based on our framework is implemented in more than 300 mostly small- and medium-sized enterprises. It proves our concept which can be used for the realization of the information systems for computer-aided one-of-a-kind production in the companies with a different production plan.     

制造的革新

根据全球制造业市场的发展与变化,讨论了制造的革新,提出制造生产模式的转换和制造自动化的目标。当代,快速多变的市场要求制造业企业从“少品种大批大量生产”转变成“多品种变批量的柔性生产”。与新的生产模式匹配的制造自动化的目标是柔性自动化。     

A framework for Internet-based surface texture analysis and information system

With the emergence of a global market and the recent trend of outsourcing, it is necessary for companies to have tools for remote access of data and an ability to analyze and troubleshoot manufacturing processes remotely. This need is addressed by developing an Internet-based surface texture analysis and information system, and a peer-to-peer data-sharing tool. These systems will help companies to diagnose problems related to surface texture in manufacturing process remotely. The development of the system has provided engineers from industry and academia a common framework for sharing, analyzing and storing surface texture data, analysis results, documents and reports. The system also provides a platform for quick deployment of solutions developed anywhere in the world. This paper presents the design, development and applications of a framework for surface texture analysis and information system.     

Information-Based Manufacturing with the Web

Manufacturing has been evolving over the years as different needs and technologies arise. This paper describes an emerging manufacturing technology driven by information systems, the global network infrastructure, and new business models driven by the availability of real-time information. Information-based manufacturing concerns using the right information to know what products to make, when to make them, and then making them the best possible. This becomes more complicated when a number of products, facilities, markets, and companies are involved. More than just information is needed. Connectivity, ability to coordinate and integrate, and implementation strategy all are important. Information systems provide the infrastructure to carry out these objectives. Because of the need for an effective information infrastructure, the Internet has the potential to further enhance information-based manufacturing. Information-based manufacturing can be efficient only when the underlying supply-chain network is run efficiently, for the supply chain provides the infrastructure for directing all the activities from receiving raw materials to the delivery of final products. This paper illustrates how the Web technology can help coordinate the supply-chain activities in manufacturing. It also illustrates the relationships between product types, supply-chain structures, information-sharing, coordination, and the Web.     

Social-technical aspects in modern manufacturing

Manufacturing companies are having to compete in a more and more global market. Continuous quality improvement, a reduction in product price and production series shortening have become necessary in order to be competitive. In such a situation, the development of production systems is necessary. This can only be done via the development of all manufacturing system elements such as production methods, machines, process, control and information systems. One important part of manufacturing systems that is very often not appreciated enough is the human being. This paper focuses on the changing role of managers and machine operators. Problems regarding quality of human decisions, artificial intelligence support and a socio-technical design approach are discussed as well. The aim of this paper is to present the important factors that significantly influence the balanced development of advanced manufacturing systems. The article is the result of a research project focused on improving the cooperation between machine operators and technical systems in manufacturing companies.     

A methodology for facilitating reconfiguration in manufacturing: the move towards reconfigurable manufacturing systems

The launch of new products to the market is essential for companies in order to remain competitive. Products are constantly being replaced for others that fulfil the changing requirements of the customers. For achieving this, companies have to adapt their production system to the new requirements of the new products by adding or removing machines, changing the lay-out, etc. Normally, this reconfiguration implies a high investment. Reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMSs) arise for facilitating the reconfiguration of the production system, being considered as the next step in manufacturing. This paper deals with the development of a methodology based on RMSs that allows a feasible reconfiguration of production systems. This methodology is based on the ALCA algorithm from group technology, and takes into account five requirements of products on RMSs: modularity, commonality, compatibility, reusability and demand. The selection of the product families is obtained with a mathematical model specifically formulated for this purpose.     

机车制造中柔性化吊装工艺装备的开发

随着社会经济的不断发展,我国人民收入水平也在不断提高,同时对于物质文化的需求也越来越重视。消费者越来越重视个性化以及多样化的产品,而现在许多产品更新换代比较快,使用周期越来越短。因此在目前市场上来看,多品种、中小批量的产品需要比较多。如今越来越多的企业都引入了柔性化吊装工艺装备,这样不仅可以降低成本,还可以节省时间,从而更好地满足当前消费者的多样性需求。本文以内燃机车为例,展开对机车制造中柔性化吊装工艺装备开发的研究。     

Creating agile supply chains

An agile business needs an agile supply chain. Quick response to customer demand, the ability to customise and the need to provide multiple variants for profitable customer niches are all increasingly required by many companies. Yet as manufacturers inexorably move their sourcing of components and low value-added operations offshore, to lower cost countries, so their supply chains increase in both distance and complexity. Many companies are faced with the challenge of providing an agile response to customers and yet operating a lean operation across an extended global supply chain. This is a challenge that needs a solution beyond the abilities of simply judgement, the telephone and spreadsheets. Companies need to utilise the power of Internet-enabled software to provide visibility across their global supply chain and to help them optimise it. In particular the new generation of supply chain optimisation software offers companies the ability to gain visibility and optimisation across their supply chains, at significantly reduced ownership costs compared to earlier systems     

An assessment of the level of informatization in the Korea mold industry as a prerequisite for e-collaboration: an exploratory empirical investigation

These days, the manufacturing industry is facing more severe competition in the global market than at anytime before. To survive in this competitive manufacturing environment, manufacturing companies have to deal with such issues as digitalization, globalization, agility, specialization, and collaboration. Particularly, collaboration between manufacturing companies, departments, systems and applications is becoming a very important strategic direction in the manufacturing industry. In this paper, we analyze the current status of the mold industry from both an information system (information infrastructure, information system), and business process viewpoint (collaboration), before attempting to apply e-collaboration to the mold industry. To accomplish this, the survey was conducted. The final study population of the survey consisted of 185 mold companies, and the response rate was relatively high at 40.5%. Additionally, Pearson’s correlation analysis was conducted in order to determine the kind of relationship that exists between the scale of the mold enterprise and three items .     

谈我国先进制造技术的现状与未来

在介绍我国先进制造技术的发展时,有必要对先进制造技术发展所依赖的国际经济与科技发展趋势及与它密不可分的制造业的发展趋势作一概括的论述。     

Production planning and performance optimization of reconfigurable manufacturing systems using genetic algorithm

To stay competitive in the new dynamic market having large fluctuations in product demand, manufacturing companies must use systems that not only produce their goods with high productivity but also allow for rapid response to market changes. Reconfigurable manufacturing system (RMS) is a new paradigm that enables manufacturing systems to respond quickly and cost effectively to market demand. In other words, RMS is a system designed from the outset, for rapid changes in both hardware and software components, in order to quickly adjust its production capacity to fluctuations in market demand and adapt its functionality to new products. The effectiveness of an RMS depends on implementing its key characteristics and capabilities in the design as well as utilization stage. This paper focuses on the utilization stage of an RMS and introduces a methodology to effectively adjust scalable production capacities and the system functionalities to market demands. It is supposed that arrival orders of product families follow the Poisson distribution. The orders are lost if they are not met immediately. Considering these assumptions, a mixed integer nonlinear programming model is developed to determine optimum sequence of production tasks, corresponding configurations, and batch sizes. A genetic algorithm-based procedure is used to solve the model. The model is also applied to make decision on how to improve the performance of an RMS. Since there is no practical RMS, a numerical example is used to validate the results of the proposed model and its solution procedure.     

Decentralised production-distribution planning system using collaborative agents in supply chain network

With the fast development of information technology and the global market, collaboration between different functional units in a supply chain becomes one of the most critical factors for global companies to respond to rapid changes in customer needs and increase the efficiency of the whole supply chain. This supply chain environment requires a production-distribution planning system to enable the collaboration between production and distribution units more quickly and orderly. Generally, collaboration in a supply chain needs to resolve conflicts between two decentralised functional units, because each unit tries to locally minimise its own costs, not the overall supply chain costs. Also, there exists incomplete information sharing according to the information privacy of each functional unit. This paper proposes a decentralised production-distribution planning system using collaborative agents that can efficiently mediate the planning gaps between two decentralised planning functions: production and distribution. The validity of collaborative-agent model has been shown using some lemmas and numerical examples.     

Sandglass-type product specification management method for supporting modular design of semiconductor manufacturing equipment

The product life cycle for semiconductor manufacturing facilities has been significantly reduced as a result of the technological advancement of the semiconductor manufacturing process and the expansion of its demand. To ensure long-term market competitiveness under this environment, many companies attempt to convert their systems into mass customization production systems. In general, the specification management for semiconductor manufacturing equipment has adopted the method of making the bill of materials structure of the existing equipment into a new one based on the same physical structure and then customizing it according to a customer’s demands in the detail design phase. However, this method results in longer lead times and difficulties maintaining data consistency due to frequent design changes in connection with various derived products. We suggest a sandglass-type product specification management method to efficiently reflect varying and versatile requirements in product development and shorten the design lead time. In addition, we propose a method to support the modular design of semiconductor manufacturing equipment by classifying the standard specifications for a final product into product component and part component specifications. Finally, we develop a closed-loop product specification management system called NEXUS using our method, and apply this system to semiconductor manufacturing processes.

     

机械制造业公共服务平台体系架构

随着市场需求多样化和全球经济的不断发展,机械制造行业原有运作模式已不再适应这一快速的变化.机械制造业公共服务的出现,为制造业企业充分利用全球资源、快速响应市场需求、提高竞争能力等提供了新的途径,根据MSP的系统功能需求,论述了MSP的运行环境和开发工具,并在此基础上提出了MSP的系统架构.     

现代设计与知识获取

一个新产品的竞争能力在于产品设计中新知识的含量，在现代设计技术中，必地为开发一个新产品获取新设计知识的能力的发展给予更多的重视，本文讨论了设计知识的结构，获取设计知识的信息来源和处理技术，建议在信息科学，知识工程和计算机技术的基础上发展一个设计知识获取系统和并行设计环境以加速我国制造工业现代化的步伐。     

一种面向网络化制造的车间层生产控制体系结构及实现技术

随着网络化制造的发展,车间层生产控制在企业制造中的作用日益增强。提出了一种基于CORBA、SOAP及A- gent技术的车间层生产控制体系结构,研究了企业内部生产控制尤其是远程联盟企业间协同生产控制的实现技术。运 用该体系结构和实现技术,企业提高了市场应变与制造能力,从而快速响应外部环境。     

产品设计中的快速响应问题分析

上世纪末以来,我国企业特别是制造业,面临经营环境的迅速变化,市场不断成熟并竞争全球化。解决产品市场寿命缩短和新产品开发周期延长的问题是摆在企业面前的严峻课题。在这一背景下,将产品开发周期分为产品设计阶段和产品制造阶段,并重点分析了影响产品设计阶段快速响应的因素基础上,为提高产品设计响应速度提出了较为行之有效的方法和措施。