高保压液压缸组合密封仿真分析与装配精度控制研究

针对断路器液压操纵机构液压缸组件密封问题,开展了高保压液压缸组合密封仿真分析与装配精度控制研究,提出了一种基于油膜厚度的密封配合精度计算方法。利用弹性流体动力润滑理论计算出典型液压动密封的流体膜厚、泄漏量与黏性摩擦力以评估动密封性能,通过结构非线性有限元计算出的密封接触压力拟合出弹性润滑理论中密封处油膜压力,并使用一维稳态雷诺方程逆解建模以获得有限元接触压力和油膜厚度之间的关系,最终通过选配方法在精密偶件装配中进行了控制,并通过数值仿真与实验相结合来验证该方法的有效性。     

作业温度对水下法兰连接器密封面的影响

针对水下法兰连接器密封面的泄漏问题，利用各向同性粗糙表面的流量因子修正平行圆板泄漏模型，建立膜厚比与泄漏率的关系；运用MATLAB和COMSOL软件联合生成接触密封面实体，并对4种作业温度下的3种均方根粗糙度密封面进行有限元分析,得到粗糙表面平均接触压力与膜厚比的关系；通过数学推导和曲线拟合的方法建立了4种作业温度下3种粗糙表面平均接触压力与泄漏率的关系。结果表明：作业温度对透镜垫表面质量要求有很大影响，在作业温度为20～100 ℃时，均方根粗糙度为0.4 μm的透镜垫可满足泄漏率指标要求，而在100～150 ℃高温采油作业时，只有均方根粗糙度为0.2 μm时才能满足泄漏率指标要求。     

基于混合润滑模型的往复密封动特性研究

为研究往复运动密封性能,采用MatLab数值方法建立一种混合润滑模型,该模型包含弹性力学、流体力学和接触力学分析。基于混合润滑模型,研究粗糙度和往复速度对动态往复密封摩擦力、泄漏量和油膜厚度等密封性能的影响规律,揭示液压往复密封机制。结果表明:往复运动密封圈处于混合润滑状态,接触区不仅有流体压力,还包含粗糙度接触压力;存在临界粗糙度σ_c和临界速度u_c,当粗糙度σ<σ_c时,随粗糙度的增大内行程的泄漏表现为越来越小的内泄漏,当σ≥σ_c时,随粗糙度的增大内行程的泄漏表现为越来越大的外泄漏;当速度uc时,净泄漏量随速度的增大表现为越来越小的外泄漏,当u≥u_c时,净泄漏量随速度的增大表现为越来越大的内泄漏;随着粗糙度的增加,膜厚与内行程的摩擦力增大,而外行程的摩擦力无明显变化;随着速度的增加,油膜厚度增加,内行程摩擦力减小,而外行程摩擦力变化很小。     

叶片式摆动液压缸门形密封结构的设计及性能分析

针对叶片式摆动液压缸的泄漏问题,设计一种门型密封结构,该结构具有"自密封"优点,能够根据工作压力的变化调节密封压力,对密封面进行自适应密封。基于有限元分析方法,在ANSYS中建立门形密封结构的接触模型,研究预压缩量、工作压力对接触面压力和油膜厚度的影响。结果表明:当门形密封结构的预压缩量在0~2 mm,工作压力在0~3 MPa范围内时,密封面的接触应力分别同预压缩量和工作压力呈线性关系,反映自密封功能非常理想;同时密封面油膜分布呈楔形分布,具有良好的承载能力和润滑性,减少了密封面的摩擦力,提高了叶片式摆动液压缸缸的运动效率和稳定性。     

变截面密封圈弹流润滑数值计算

变截面密封圈的密封面接触边界为波形曲线,油膜厚度在动密封面间的周向和轴向方向上都是变化的,目前的研究都没能更好地揭示出此类密封圈的动压润滑特性。建立能够反映截面随波形变化的三维模型,应用ANSYS软件APDL语言编写变截面密封圈弹流润滑数值计算程序,实现润滑方程与弹性变形方程的迭代求解,得到变截面密封圈油膜压力和油膜厚度的三维分布,以及油膜厚度分布规律与润滑边曲线之间的关系;研究初始压缩率对油膜厚度和分布的影响。结果表明,变截面动密封油膜厚度在密封面曲线波峰处油膜最厚,在波谷处最薄;变截面密封圈的密封面与轴之间非全膜润滑,油膜破裂多发生在轴向外边界和润滑曲线的波谷处;初始装配压缩率对动密封油膜厚度及分布影响较大,初始压缩率过大或过小,都会导致密封效果变差。     

矩形密封圈密封性能参数的两种解法比较

分别用顺解法和逆解法计算矩形密封圈的密封性能参数.逆解法是根据膜压分布曲线,求解密封圈的油膜厚度和泄漏量,顺解法则是根据预设的膜厚和流槽形状求解油膜压力和油膜厚度分布及泄漏量.结果表明,基于有限元分析软件获得矩形密封圈的压力分布曲线用逆解法求解密封参数方法简单,但由于在有限元分析过程中对模型进行了简化和假设,计算结果不太精确;基于有限差分法,采用MATLAB软件编程,用顺解法求解矩形密封圈密封参数,由于考虑了众多因素影响,计算结果与实际相近,但计算过程较为复杂,迭代计算时需要采用快速收敛的算法.     

接触式中间旋转环式机械密封的结构优化

借助ANSYS分析影响中间旋转环式机械密封性能的关键结构参数,结果表明,静环和动环的伸出长度对密封性能的影响很小,中间环厚度和密封面宽度对密封性能的影响较大,且中间环厚度及密封面宽度对密封性能的影响是相互独立的;中间环厚度增大时,最高温度和最大等效应力减小,但最大接触压力和泄漏量增大;密封面宽度增大时,最高温度、最大等效应力和泄漏量增加,但最大接触压力减小。对密封环结构进行优化,得出最佳的动静环伸出长度、中间环厚度和密封面宽度,优化后机械密封的最高温度、最大等效应力、最大接触压力下降,对机械密封的运转更为有利。     

中间旋转环式机械密封结构优化研究

借助ANSYS分析影响中间旋转环式机械密封性能的关键结构参数,结果表明,静环和动环的伸出长度对密封性能的影响很小,中间环厚度和密封面宽度对密封性能的影响较大,且中间环厚度及密封面宽度对密封性能的影响是相互独立的;中间环厚度增大时,最高温度和最大等效应力减小,但最大接触压力和泄漏量增大;密封面宽度增大时,最高温度、最大等效应力和泄漏量增加,但最大接触压力减小。对密封环结构进行优化,得出最佳的动静环伸出长度、中间环厚度和密封面宽度,优化后机械密封的最高温度、最大等效应力、最大接触压力下降,对机械密封的运转更为有利。     

钻井工况下单金属密封接触分析及实验研究

结合钻井领域高温高压工况,对单金属密封的装配过程和双侧受压情况进行有限元分析,求得动密封面接触压力梯度分布,并结合MATLAB和雷诺方程提出了一种计算动密封泄漏率的新方法;然后根据钻井工况搭建了旋转动密封实验台,对动密封面的接触压力分布情况和泄漏率进行测试。实验和仿真结果表明,在低压工况下动密封面呈收敛状态,有利于润滑油膜的形成,而高压工况下则发散;随着润滑油和钻井液压差的增大,动密封面内侧的接触压力逐渐减小,而外侧逐渐增大;泄漏率随着动密封转速的升高而增大,随着动密封轴向位移的增加而降低。     

密封面宽度对大潜深船舶尾轴机械密封性能的影响

以水下航行器尾轴机械密封为研究对象,应用有限元方法对不同潜深下、不同密封面宽度的机械密封的性能进行分析对比,探究在大潜深、低转速特殊工况下机械密封面宽度对密封性能的影响。结果表明,当密封面宽度一定时,随着潜深的增加,密封面的最高温度、最大接触压力和轴向应力均随着潜深的增加呈线性上升;当潜深深度一定时,密封面宽度越大,动静环的最高温度越高,最大接触压力和最大轴向应力增加也越快;在相同的工况条件下,泄漏量随着密封面宽度的减小而减少。由此可见,在大潜深、低转速特殊工况下,选择较小的密封宽度有利于降低最高温度,降低最大的轴向应力和接触压力,减少泄漏量。     

Thin film thickness monitor shutter

This article describes a simple electronic dual-activated shutter which is designed to interface with the Sloan digital thickness monitor model DTM-200 or a set of double-pole double-throw switches which can be operated manually.     

Lubricant film thickness variations in frictionless bearings

The possibilities are considered of diagnostics and monitoring of the technical state of frictionless bearings on the basis of the analysis of on-line recorded and processed oscillations of the lubricant film thickness. A possibility is shown of a significant increase in the monitoring efficiency when using the technique of automated processing of the diagnostic data received by using modern microprocessor means. Implementation of the proposed methodical approach will significantly shorten the duration of the frictionless bearing tests and will make it possible to govern the operating mode of the bearings in order to prolong their operation life.     

Calculation of film thickness for variable velocity

The thickness of the film between heavy loaded rollers can be calculated by an equation of Dowson and Higginson for constant velocity. For variable velocity the film thickness can be calculated approximately by an iteration. The variation of the film thicknesses can be computed by this method if pairs of consecutive values of velocity and time are given. The minimum film thickness can be calculated directly if a theoretical variation of velocity with constant acceleration is assumed.     

膜厚均匀性函数的分析

为了解决膜层层数在一百多层以上的膜系在镀制过程中所必然存在的膜厚均匀性问题,定义了一个与镀膜机的结构参数、工艺参数以及基片几何参数均有关系的均匀性函数。以APS1104镀膜机为实验对象,针对多腔窄带滤光片膜系,根据此函数分析了镀膜机镀制较多层数薄膜时,其膜层厚度沿基片径向的变化规律,确定了影响膜厚均匀性的多种因素,解释了镀制多腔窄带滤光片薄膜成品率低的原因。实验结果证实了分析的正确性。     

Lubricating film thickness measurements with bovine serum

Lubricant film thickness measurements were made for bovine serum solutions under steady state rolling and sliding. The effect of low (30 MPa) and high contact pressures (200 MPa) was examined. In the high pressure rolling tests BS initially formed films 5-50 nm thick over the speed range. However, in subsequent speed sweeps, a relatively speed independent film of 40-50 nm developed. In some cases thick (up to 100 nm) films were formed at low speeds; this behaviour was considered representative of high-viscosity surface layers rather than of solid films. At the end of each test residual boundary films of 9-19 nm were measured under static loading. These are attributed to the multilayer adsorption of protein molecules and will provide surface protection during stance or on initiation of gait. The results at low pressure showed that much thicker films (∼60-80 nm) were formed over the same speed range. Again thicker films were formed at the lower speeds. There was significant scatter in the film thickness results, possibly due to the inherent nature of the fluid, which is an inhomogeneous biological solution. The film thickness/speed behaviour was not representative of a simple Newtonian fluid and this has considerable implications for the development of predictive film thickness models and new designs of artificial hip joints.     

季戊四醇油酸酯膜厚测量及薄膜润滑研究

运用光干涉法相对光强原理,通过纳米级润滑膜厚度测量仪测量了不同温度、不同载荷下纳米间隙中环境友好润滑剂季戊四醇油酸酯的油膜厚度。探究了膜厚与速度、载荷、温度之间的关系,观察了薄膜润滑现象。结果表明：在对数坐标系下,膜厚与速度具有一定的线性关系,在速度较高时,线性关系更强,润滑剂具有流体效应。载荷对膜厚的影响远小于速度对膜厚的影响,温度对膜厚的影响主要表现在温度越高时,润滑剂的黏度越低,润滑剂的膜厚越薄。     

Simultaneous monitoring of oil film thickness and temperature in fluid film bearings

This paper reports on the application of an eddy current sensor with an active compensation for changes in sensor temperature to simultaneous monitoring oil film thickness and temperature in a tilting pad thrust bearing. Sensor design, calibration procedure, sensitivity and accuracy are described. Test equipment along with sensor mounting is also presented. Tests were run at different rotational speeds and bearing loads as well as different supplied oil flow rates to evaluate sensor performance in various operating conditions. During the tests film thickness and temperature were simultaneously measured. Temperatures were compared with data from thermocouples installed in the pads and thermistors mounted in the collar. Tests have shown that the sensor can successfully be used to reliably monitor the conditions within the bearing.     

薄膜厚度和光学常数的主要测试方法

准确地测量和控制薄膜厚度和光学常数等参数,在薄膜制备和分析和应用都是极为重要的。对薄膜的厚度和光学常数测试方法作了归纳和分类,并对几种主要的测试方法作了简要的介绍,分析了各自的特点及存在的问题。在测量薄膜的厚度和光学常数时,必须根据待测样品和测量精度要求选择合适的方法。     

有限元法计算膜厚均匀性

利用有限元法模拟计算了旋转平面夹具、旋转球面夹具、行星旋转球面夹具的膜厚均匀性 ,分析了均匀性的影响因素 ,指出了工艺中的调整方法