Series connection of IGBT's with active voltage balancing

This paper describes an active gate drive circuit for series-connected insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) with voltage balancing in high-voltage applications. The gate drive circuit not only amplifies the gate signal, but also actively limits the overvoltage during switching transients, while minimizing the switching transients and losses. In order to achieve the control objective, an analog closed-loop control scheme is adopted. The closed-loop control injects current to an IGBT gate as required to limit the IGBT collector-emitter voltage to a predefined level. The performance of the gate drive circuit is examined experimentally by the series connection of three IGBTs with conventional snubber circuits. The experimental results show the voltage balancing by an active control with wide variations in loads and imbalance conditions     

采用电压箝位控制实现串联IGBT的动态均压

IGBT串联应用时面临的最大难题是动态均压。本文研究了电压箝位控制方法,它将IGBT的集?射电压变化快速反馈至门极,改变门极驱动电压的大小,从而将集?射电压实时箝位于控制阈值之内,实现串联IGBT的动态均压。本文通过2个和8个IGBT串联的实验,验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于门极阻容补偿网络的IGBT串联均压方法

针对IGBT串联应用中关断过程均压问题,对IGBT的关断过程进行了详细分析,总结出影响IGBT关断过程的核心等效电路和计算公式。在此基础上提出一种基于门极补偿阻容网络的IGBT串联均压方法,推导出增加门极阻容补偿网络后串联IGBT动态电压不均衡度和关断时间影响的计算公式,并提出门极阻容网络参数的选取原则。建立基于Lumped Charge方法的IGBT半物理数值模型,对IGBT门极阻容补偿网络进行仿真验证。给出了实际测试工况下的补偿网络参数,建立IGBT串联均压实验系统,进行多种电压、电流工况下的实验验证。仿真和实验表明:该方法可以有效控制串联IGBT的延迟时间和动态电压上升速率的差异,在母线电压为2 000V和关断峰值电流为1 500A时,采用该控制方法可将串联IGBT的动态尖峰电压不均衡度由14.4%降至6.3%。     

一种优化的模块化多电平换流器电压均衡控制方法

模块化多电平换流器(MMC)的各个子模块间的电压均衡问题,是MMC拓扑的难点之一.本文在采用最近电平调制方式的基础上,对按子模块电容电压排序后,根据桥臂电流方向直接选择相应子模块触发的传统电压均衡方法进行了改进,引入子模块间最大电压偏差量,有效避免了因排序算法导致的同一IGBT不必要的反复投切现象,从而在保证各子模块电...     

A Low‐Loss Medium‐Voltage Inverter Applying Series Connected General Purpose 1.2 kV Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors with Accurate Voltage Balancing Techniques

This paper presents a medium‐voltage inverter applying series connected general‐purpose 1.2 kV insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) as a switching device to achieve low switching losses compared to inverters applying high‐voltage IGBTs with over 3 kV rating. Gate signal synchronization, which is essential to keep the balance of collector‐emitter voltages across the IGBTs, is achieved by magnetically coupling all gate lines using a simple two‐windings transformer. In order to obtain better voltage balancing, influence of stray capacitance distribution associated with an insulating substrate in a two‐in‐one IGBT module on the voltage sharing is investigated, and an optimized layout of heat sinks for the IGBT modules is proposed. To validate some performances concerning the device losses and the voltage sharing, a 170 kVA inverter based on three 1.2 kV IGBTs connected in series is built and evaluated. The experimental results are shown. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

大功率IGBT模块并联动态均流研究

绝缘栅双极型晶体管IGBT（Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor）的并联组合作为电感储能型脉冲功率系统中的主断路开关,就会在关断大电流时出现各并联模块的动态不均流现象。工程应用中,各IGBT模块门极驱动信号的不同步是导致该不均流的主要原因。文章分别就栅极电阻补偿法和脉冲变压器法对驱动信号的同步性补偿作用进行了理论研究和两个IGBT模块并联均流的实验验证,结果表明两种方法均可以达到很好的动态均流效果。然后在对比分析两种方法的基础上提出了利用脉冲变压器级联可以实现多个IGBT模块并联驱动信号的补偿,通过计算机辅助设计软件PSPICE仿真验证了该方法在三个IGBT模块并联使用时的有效性。     

Dielectric strength of series-connected triggered vacuum switches

An HV switching device consisting of two series-connected triggered vacuum switches (TVS) of type RVU-43 is tested. This device is intended for operation at a voltage up to 80 kV and its maximum switched current is 200 kA. The breakdown voltage of each TVS is measured separately and that of the series connection presented. Weibull plots are used to analyze the breakdown test results. Our investigations allow the determination of experimental and theoretical distribution functions for the breakdown voltages of the individual switches and the combined switching device. The probability of breakdown of the switching device is calculated using empirical distribution functions of breakdown voltages of each TVS. A comparison of the calculated distribution function of the breakdown voltages of the switching device with the experimental distribution function shows good agreement. The proposed method allows estimating the dielectric strength of the switching device depending on the degree of nonuniformity of the voltage distribution between series-connected TVSs.     

一种新电路在IGBT串联技术中的应用

动态均压是IGBT串联技术的关键.在分析和研究国内外多种1GBT串联均压电路和均压方法的基础上,采用一种结构简单、控制容易的辅助均压电路对IGBT进行均压,并对其工作机珲进行了说明.通过软件Pspice进行仿真,从理论上论证在IGBT串联中辅助均压的可行性.最后,通过试验验证该电路在IGBT串联电路均压的有效性.仿真和实验表明,该电路能够有效地使串入电路中的IGBT实现均压,给工程应用提供了一种IGBT串联的均压方法.     

基于有源箝位的功率器件串联均压技术

功率器件串联的关键技术挑战是如何实现串联器件的动、静态均压。提出一种基于有源箝位的器件串联均压电路及其控制方法。所述均压电路仅由1个辅助开关管和1个箝位电容串联而成,该电路与各主功率管并联。主功率管的关断电压可自动被箝位电容电压箝位,从而将器件串联均压问题转化为各箝位电容电压均衡问题。提出了一种箝位电容均压方法,利用负向电流回收箝位电容电能,并能保证辅助开关管实现零电压开通。所提均压技术具有结构简单、损耗低、模块化等优点。此外,通过调整箝位电容放电时间差异,形成阶梯型桥臂电压,以减小桥臂电压的瞬时变化率dv/dt。搭建一台 3 kV/750 V 30 kW 谐振型直流变压器样机,每个桥臂采用6个SiC MOSFET串联。实验结果表明所提均压方法在各个工况下均能实现串联器件的动、静态均压,不均压度小于3 %,且在3 kV输入电压下峰值效率达98.4 %。     

基于IGBT串联阀组的UPQC换流器带载实验方法

采用绝缘栅双极型晶体管(insulated-gate bipolar transistor,IGBT)串联阀组可使得统一电能质量控制器(unified power quality conditioner,UPQC)换流器结构紧凑,控制简单。其中串联IGBT的动态均压及换流器的带载实验方法是关键技术。采用有源电压箝位方法实现串联IGBT的动态均压,并采用以UPQC一侧换流器为电源、另一侧换流器为负载的方法,实现UPQC换流器的带载实验,验证基于IGBT串联阀组的换流器的有效性。     

Double-stage gate drive circuit for parallel connected IGBT modules

Solid state modulators are increasingly being used in pulsed power applications. In these applications IGBT modules must often be connected in parallel due to their limited power capacity. In a previous paper, we introduced a control method for balancing the currents in the IGBTs. In this paper, we investigate techniques to minimize the modules' rise and fall times, which can positively impact the modulator's output pulse parameters, which in turn must meet the application's specifications. Further, a reduction in rise and fall times lowers switching losses and thus increases the modulator's efficiency. To reduce the voltage rise time of the pulse without increasing the maximal over-voltage of the parallel IGBTs we have investigated a double-stage gate driver with protection circuits to avoid over-voltages and over-currents. Additionally voltage edge detection has been implemented to improve current balancing. Our measurement results reveal the dependency of the rise-time and turnoff losses on the design parameters of the gate drive. We show that our design achieves a 62% reduction in the turn-off rise time, and a 32% reduction in the turn-off losses.     

一种改进控制电路在IGBT串联中的应用

绝缘栅双极型晶体管IGBTs(insolated gate bipolar transistor)串联应用实现的关键在于动态均压。首先,从理论上分析了传统IGBT控制电路中寄生电容存在的主要原因,以及其对IGBT串联均压产生的影响;然后,提出了一种改进型控制电路,与传统的控制电路相比,改进型控制电路从主电路获取控制信号驱动IGBT所需功率,无需外接直流电源和电源隔离,减少了寄生电容的引入,能在一定程度改善IGBT的串联均压;最后,通过仿真和实验验证了该电路的有效性。在工程应用上具有一定的参考价值。     

IGBT驱动器输出性能的计算

绝缘栅双极型晶体管（IGBT）是应用广泛的功率半导体器件,驱动器的合理设计对于IGBT的有效使用极为重要。本文就利用栅极电荷特性的考虑,介绍了一些计算用于开关IGBT的驱动器输出性能的方法。     

High-performance active gate drive for high-power IGBT's

This paper deals with an active gate drive (AGD) technology for high-power insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). It is based on an optimal combination of several requirements necessary for good switching performance under hard-switching conditions. The scheme specifically combines together the slow drive requirements for low noise and switching stress and the fast drive requirements for high-speed switching and low switching energy loss. The gate drive can also effectively dampen oscillations during low-current turn-on transient in the IGBT. This paper looks at the conflicting requirements of the conventional gate drive circuit design and demonstrates using experimental results that the proposed three-stage AGD technique can be an effective solution     

基于IGBT串联技术的高压优性能开关

IGBT串联组合应用可以迅速满足硬开关应用场合中的电压等级要求,一个简易可靠的辅助电路可以有效解决串联IGBT正常运行中的电压不均衡问题。应用OrCAD／PSpice仿真软件,对比分析了单管CM600HA-24H（600A／1200V）和两个CM600HA-12H（600A／600V）的串联组合的开关表现。仿真结果表明,和单管IGBT相比较,IGBT串联组合在能量损耗、集电极过电压以及开关频率等方面有着明显的优势,从理论上证明了IGBT串联组合可以有着更好的开关表现,对实践有一定的指导意义。     

IGBT模块直接串联电压均衡驱动控制技术

高压绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)模块直接串联技术是实现柔性直流输电、高压直流断路器等高压大功率控制设备的一个重要基础,其中最难解决的是串联IGBT模块之间的电压均衡问题。文中分析了电压不平衡的机制,得出了实现电压均衡的关键在于解决断态电压不平衡和关断电压不平衡问题,门极侧均衡控制方法是较好的解决手段。对基于有源电压控制技术的驱动设计和基于延时补偿的控制策略进行了探讨,并分别采用在有源区对关断波形进行跟随控制和补偿IGBT器件间关断延时的方法,有效实现了串联器件的电压均衡。最后,通过6只3 300V/1 200AIGBT模块直接串联的阀段脉冲和基于该阀段的三相换流阀运行测试,对这两种方法进行了验证,所述方法获得了较好的电压均衡效果。     

电压源换流器中IGBT串联动态均压新方法

由动态电压不均衡引起的器件击穿致使串联失败是串联的关键问题。传统无源缓冲电路是以牺牲绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT)快速性换取电压均衡,IGBT损耗大。建立功率端与驱动端反馈的新型剩余电流动作保护器(RCD)动态均压电路替代传统无源缓冲电路,对电路的均压效果和串联IGBT开关损耗进行仿真分析。试验验证了该动态均压电路在IGBT串联运行时能很好地抑制其驱动信号不同步造成的动态电压不均衡,确保了电压源换流器的安全运行。     

Neutral-point-clamped inverter with parallel driving of IGBTs forindustrial applications

This paper describes the design and construction of a neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter and converter, with outputs of 0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 MVA, which use insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). The inverter and converter are suitable for industrial drive applications, such as rolling mills, water pumps, and so on, and they are composed of multi-inverter units in parallel. Each inverter unit is composed of four pairs of parallel IGBTs connected in series. In order to share current among the parallel-connected IGBTs, influences of wiring inductance and device characteristics are evaluated by simulation using novel power device models and experimental results. To reduce both switching voltage swing and power consumption, a variable-capacitance snubber circuit is also presented for the NPC inverter     

IGBT模块结温估计方法及其温度特性研究

为了准确快速地估计结温,研究了IGBT模块的温度特性及基于温度敏感电参数TSEP(temperature sensitive electrical parameters)的结温估计方法。首先在不同壳温的条件下,测量IGBT开关过程中的门极-射极电压Vge、集电极-射极电压Vce和集电极电流Ic,并以上述参数作为TSEP;然后分析了TSEP随温度变化的机理,研究了TSEP典型特征与温度的关系,并将其量化;最后提出一种准确的IGBT结温估计方法。实验测试结果表明,基于TSEP的典型特征的结温估计方法切实可行。     

Induction-heated cooking appliance using new quasi-resonant ZVS-PWMinverter with power factor correction

This paper presents a new prototype of a voltage-fed quasi-load resonant inverter with a constant-frequency variable-power (CFVP) regulation scheme, which is developed for the next-generation high-frequency high-power induction-heated (IH) cooking appliances in household applications. This application-specific high-frequency single-ended push-pull inverter using new-generation specially designed insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) can efficiently operate under a principle of zero-voltage switching pulsewidth modulation (ZVS-PWM) strategy. This low-cost soft-switching inverter using reverse-conducting and reverse-blocking IGBTs is more suitable for multiple-burner-type induction-heating cooking appliances. The operating principle and unique features of a new resonant ZVS-PWM inverter circuit topology is originally described, together with its steady-state power regulation characteristics, which are illustrated on the basis of its computer-aided simulation and experimental results. The ZVS operation condition on power regulation, loss analysis of new IGBTs incorporated into this inverter, and its active filtering performance are discussed for IH cooking appliances