碳环氧层板分层破坏断口的SEM分析

用扫描电镜(SEM)研究了T300/648环氧多向展合板试样在不同受载条件下破坏的分层断裂表面;通过分析这些断裂表面的微观特征与断裂过程有关的一些信息,探计了分层机制和分层的典型断口形貌特征。      

碳纤维(碳毡)/树脂复合吸波材料的研究

分别研究了平铺排布的碳毡和单向排布的碳纤维类吸波复合材料的微波吸收特性。结果表明:单向排布的聚丙烯腈基碳纤维的吸波性能与纤维的排布间距和纤维含量密切相关。本实验条件下可获得有效带宽大于3 GHz,10 dB以下的反射衰减。平铺排布碳毡的吸波性能随碳毡含量的影响较大,含量0.27 wt%时,在8 GHz~18 GHz 频段获得90 %以上的吸收率。     

碳/环氧复合材料多向层间拉伸强度的研究

本文系统地研究了碳/环氧复合材料多向层间(0/θ)(θ=0°,15°,30°,45°,60°,75°,90°)拉伸强度,并利用S-570扫描电镜观察了其断口形貌,同时对纤维与基体界面处的应力进行了分析。结果表明:该复合材料层间拉伸强度较少受到铺层取向的影响,而由纤维与基体的界面结合强度所控制。     

THE INFLUENCE OF TWO-STAGE LOADING ON THE LONGITUDINAL SPLITTING OF UNIDIRECTIONAL CARBON/EPOXY LAMINATES

Abstract— A review of variable fatigue loading of carbon fibre/epoxy laminates indicates that for two-stage loading, low-to-high loading is generally more damaging than high-to-low loading. Damage accumulation under two-stage loading appears to produce linear damage in some CFRP materials and non-linear behaviour in others. The behaviour of those materials exhibiting linear damage may be predicted by the Palmgren-Miner rule. A model is presented for determining the longitudinal split growth in notched unidirectional carbon fibre/epoxy test coupons. The model is able to predict the non-linear split growth for low-to-high loading whilst the linear damage accumulation for high-to-low loading may best be determined by use of the Palmgren-Miner rule.     

简支矩形碳/环氧叠层板的单轴压缩稳定性实验研究

碳/环氧复合材料具有比强度、例刚度高和结构性能可设计性等优点,是航空.宇航结构中一种比较理想的结构材料.为了尽快将它应用于我国生产的飞行器,减轻结构重量,提高产品性能,我们对碳/环氧叠层板的稳定性开展了一系列实验研究.四边固支矩形叠层板的单轴压缩实验和三角形叠层板的实验正在进行中,本文仅限于报告试验开始阶段——简支矩形叠层板单轴压缩下的试验情况.      

三维编织炭纤维/环氧复合材料的性能研究

采用真空浸渍工艺,成功地制备了三维编织炭纤维／环氧复合材料,并用铆钉上显微镜对微观结构进行了观察,发现基体与纤维间浸润良好,力学试验表明,该材料具有良好的力学性能,是一种极有发展潜力的复合材料。     

碳纤维/玻璃纤维混织布及其环氧复合材料

碳纤维和玻璃纤维混合增强树脂基复合材料目前都用单丝铺放工艺。为了改善单向预浸料的工艺性能,开发了碳纤维和玻璃纤维混织布。用它们制备复合材料,操作方便,可用手糊或模压工艺。根据设计需要,可调整混织布的经纬比例和布的构造,以获最佳性能/价格比。本文通过六种混织布/环氧复合材料的力学性能测定和估算,表明其拉伸和弯曲的强度和弹性模量符合“混合律”。在碳纤维占总纤维的体积分量为26%时出现最低的复合材料强度,而碳纤维的体积分量超过53%时才对复合材料的强度和弹性模量部有提高。      

含椭圆分层损伤复合材料层合板分层前缘接触效应研究

采用基于Mindlin 一阶剪切理论的四节点板单元, 分析了分层前缘闭合接触效应对含椭圆分层复合材料层合板前后屈曲行为的影响。通过在分层区域内引入虚杆单元来防止上、下子板发生相互重叠, 并假设接触区内没有摩擦。结果表明, 分层前缘的闭合接触效应受分层几何形状的影响很大, 当椭圆分层子板的长轴与压缩载荷方向一致时, 闭合接触效应对含分层层合板前后屈曲行为最大。      

60Coγ射线辐照对碳纤维表面及其复合材料层间剪切强度的影响

对60Coγ射线辐照处理的PAN 基碳纤维的力学性能、表面形貌及表面结构的变化和其与环氧树脂复合后层间剪切强度进行了初步的研究。60Coγ射线在1×102～ 1×103Gy 辐照剂量时, 使PAN 基中强碳纤维本身的力学性能显著提高; 使碳纤维表面的含氧官能团浓度和石墨化程度得以提高; 由此制备的碳纤维环氧复合材料的层间剪切强度SIL SS提高了31% 左右。而在辐照剂量≥1×104Gy 时, 由于辐照损伤及热效应, 使碳纤维的力学性能下降, 增加了表面的炭化及其撕裂程度,从而减小了碳纤维环氧复合材料的层间剪切强度SIL SS。     

用电化学方法研究碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料的腐蚀失效行为

尝试用电化学阻抗图谱和循环伏安曲线的方法研究电化学表征参数与复合材料腐蚀程度之间的相关性, 用电化学方法研究了环境因素对碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料内部结构的破坏机理。测试结果显示, 碳纤维本身不会发生电化学反应, 主要破坏机理为溶液离子逐渐渗入复合材料内部, 导致复合材料内部结构受到破坏。用电化学方法可以在线获得复合材料内部溶液离子浓度及溶液离子在复合材料内部的渗透过程, 据此可判断复合材料内部在环境因素作用下的变化。      

CHARACTERIZATION OF DELAMINATION GROWTH BEHAVIOUR OF HYBRID BONDED LAMINATES

Abstract— The objective of this work is to study the delamination growth behaviour of hybrid composite-aluminium bonded laminates. A modified Double Crack Lap Shear (DCLS) specimen was chosen for this study. An expression relating the delamination size and the compliance of a DCLS specimen was derived, and a test method for the delamination growth rate in DCLS specimens developed. The delamination sizes and the delamination growth rates of DCLS specimens were determined by monitoring the compliances of specimens during fatigue. Delamination growth rates at different stress ratios ( R = 0.1, 0.3,0.5) were measured. A Walker-type equation for the delamination growth rate was obtained by a multiple linear regression analysis.
It was shown that the compliance method for determining the delamination growth rate of DCLS specimens is not only convenient and practical, but also accurate. The delamination size in DCLS specimens increases linearly with cycles during fatigue, i.e. delamination growth rate is constant, independent of delamination size. The energy release rate was adopted to characterize delamination growth behaviour. Good agreement between the Walker equation and test results of the delamination growth rate was found.     

碳纤维复合材料发动机壳体用韧性环氧树脂基体的研究

在综合考虑粘度-力学性能-耐热性能的基础上,开发了一种适用于碳纤维复合材料固体火箭发动机壳体湿法缠绕成型的韧性环氧树脂基体。用DSC,FT-IR等分析手段对该树脂基体的固化反应动力学参数、树脂基体固化物性能和复合材料性能进行了系统研究。结果表明,该树脂基体粘度小、适用期长、韧性高,与碳纤维界面粘接好,所制得的复合材料壳体纤维强度转化率高。     

STIFFNESS REDUCTION OF COMPOSITE LAMINATES DUE TO DELAMINATION

本文采用Pipes-Pagano 模型,用准三维有限元法分析贵穿分层而引起的刚度下降,得到了刚度下降率随分层长度的增长曲线规律分三个阶段,主要是中间段的线性部,与O′Brien 结果相吻合。     

层间弱粘贴复合材料层板的热弹性脱层

本文建立了一个层间弱粘贴复合材料层板热弹性脱层模型.该模型建立在两个描述层间弱粘贴的基本假设基础上.层间位移不连续由层间粘贴的物理关系来描述,表现为层间位移跳跃值与层间残余横向应力的关系;层间温度不连续由层间传热薄层来描述,并据此给出一个计算层间温度跳跃值的计算公式,表现为温度跳跃值与层间横向张开量之间的关系.在此假设基础上,根据平衡方程和静态传热方程导出了正交柱面弯曲层板热弹性脱层解.算例显示了层间弱粘贴对层板热弹性响应的影响.     

带或不带脱层的复合材料层板强度的预报

首先用实验直接测定或从文献中引用单向纤维增强层板的强度的Weibull分布参数α和β.用经典层板理论分析层板中的面内应力;邻层的裂纹引起的应力集中用剪滞法计算;层间应力用简化的平衡方程来确定,层板中单层的当地强度由于邻层的约束作用而提高,假定单层的承载能力直到其裂纹密度饱和时才耗尽;用增强软X光照相技术来监测裂纹密度的发展并测定相应的约束系数,建立最普遍的统计强度准则,结合作用应力的计算和统计强度预报,确定不同层板中各单层的破坏顺序和最终损伤状态.根据最终损伤状态来确定层板的统计强度,并用试验验证.      

带切口碳纤维复合材料层板损伤的实验研究

本文采用渗透剂增强的X射线照相法分析了含切口复合材料层板的损伤扩展与材料的破坏机理。试验结果表明这种方法是可行的,可以清楚地观察到材料的内部损伤的发生与扩展。材料的破坏是以切口前缘附近损伤区的扩展为特征的,这个损伤区以基体开裂、分层和少量纤维断裂的形式出现。     

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF DELAMINATION CRACKS IN BENDING OF CROSS-PLY LAMINATES

SUMMARY

A study of delamination crack growth due to bending in cross-ply laminates is presented. For the understanding of interlaminar fracture behaviour of laminated composites the modelling of delamination crack growth induced by bending and shear cracks in three point bending specimens is carried out. A plane strain two-dimensional (2-D) finite element analysis is used to determine the strain energy release rates during delamination of the laminated beam. Contact elements were used to prevent the material interpenetration on the crack surfaces. The solution of the contact problem taking into account friction along crack surfaces is obtained. Energy release rates G_I and G_II for Mode I and Mode II fracture are calculated by virtual crack closure integral (VCCI) methods. Comparison of total energy release rates, obtained by local energy methods, with an analytical solution based on the beam theory and a global energy method have been carried out. Good agreement of the results obtained by various methods have been observed. Comparison of the results obtained by the solution of the contact problem and without contact elements have been performed. Significant differences between the values of energy release rates obtained with and without using contact elements have been observed. The influence of the coefficient of friction on the energy release rates is insignificant.     

碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合物的固化行为

用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）研究了4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷环氧树脂（TGDDM）／4,4＇-二氨基二苯基砜（DDS）环氧树脂体系及其多壁碳纳米管复合物的固化行为。碳纳米管加入TGDDM／DDS体系后,起始固化反应速率增大,达到最大反应速率的时间减小,说明碳纳米管对环氧树脂的固化反应有催化作用。和纯树脂相比,在固化反应初期碳纳米管复合物的活化能降低。在玻璃化现象出现以前,Kamal的固化动力学模型得到的结果与实验数据相当吻合。     

APMOC/环氧复合材料层板破坏过程声发射特征

本文利用声发射测试技术,对APMOC/环氧复合材料各种铺层的单层板、层合板的损伤机理和破坏过程进行了详细的研究。结果表明,在不同的声发射信号参量特征与不同的损伤机理之间存在对应关系。声发射信号参量的变化过程能够描述层板的动态损伤过程,不同的声发射参量表征层板的不同损伤过程与机理。     

镀Cu碳毡／环氧树脂复合材料的研制

研究了镀Ｃｕ碳毡／环氧树脂（ＣｕＣＦ／ＥＰ）复合材料的制备，并探讨了镀Ｃｕ量对碳毡电阻率，复合材料电阻率及其电磁屏蔽效率的影响规律．经合理工艺制得的镀Ｃｕ碳毡（４００ｍｇ．ｇ－１Ｃｕ—ＣＦ）含量为３００ｍｇ．ｇ－１ＣｕＣＦ／ＥＰ复合材料，其电磁屏蔽效率可在２０～１０００ＭＨｚ范围内达到６０ｄＢ．