双星编队构形保持抗干扰容错控制

为解决系统模型误差、外部干扰以及执行器故障引起的双星编队轨道控制精度低、稳定性差问题,设计一种基于观测器的抗干扰容错线性二次型调节器(LQR)控制策略.首先,根据编队双星相对运动动力学模型,设计基于双比例积分自适应律的增广观测器,同时实现对系统状态、间歇故障与快速时变故障、可建模干扰的快速精确估计,并采用H∞优化技术抑...     

考虑负载扰动的电液转向系统控制研究

针对农机的电液伺服转向系统,为了克服转向力对系统的影响,提高在各种路况下的跟踪精度,设计了一种基于负载力观测器的前馈和最优状态反馈控制复合控制策略。先采用Luenberger观测器对负载力进行在线估计,然后用线性二次型调节器（LQR）得到系统线性最优反馈控制律,最后把观测到的负载力前馈到系统输入来消除负载力的影响,提高伺服系统精度。仿真和试验结果表明,所设计的负载力观测器能迅速地跟踪实际值,基于观测器的前馈和最优状态反馈复合控制策略具有较高的跟踪精度和抗负载干扰能力。     

考虑传感器与执行器故障的EPS主动容错控制

针对传感器及执行器故障对EPS助力性能的影响,提出一种EPS主动容错控制方法。建立含参数不确定性、传感器与执行器故障的EPS系统模型,将系统不确定性转化为故障估计误差系统的扰动,基于未知输入观测器及线性矩阵不等式推导故障估计误差系统稳定并对扰动具有鲁棒性的充分条件,采用LMI区域极点配置法提升故障估计性能;在此基础上,针对执行器故障设计控制律补偿容错控制算法,针对传感器故障设计信号重构容错控制算法。Matlab/Simulink环境下的仿真结果表明,当传感器与执行器单独或同时发生故障时,设计的故障估计算法均可较为准确地估计故障幅值,故障估计的误差较小;针对不同故障对助力性能的影响,提出的容错控制方法均可使故障EPS系统的助力性能有所恢复。基于LabVIEW PXI的硬件在环试验进一步验证容错控制应用于EPS系统的有效性,提升汽车转向行驶的安全性及可靠性。     

漂浮基柔性两杆空间机械臂基于状态观测器的鲁棒控制及振动控制

讨论了漂浮基柔性空间机械臂基于状态观测器的鲁棒控制及振动最优控制问题。首先通过合理选择联体坐标系,实现两柔性杆弹性变形之间的解耦;根据拉格朗日方程与动量守恒原理,建立了载体位置无控、姿态受控飘浮基两杆柔性空间机械臂系统的动力学方程。接着利用奇异摄动法,将这个柔性两杆空间机械臂系统分解为一个慢变子系统与一个快变子系统。以此为基础,提出了一个包含慢变控制项与快变控制项的复合控制器。利用动态滑模观测器得到慢变子系统的观测速度矢量,基于这个观测速度矢量设计系统的鲁棒慢变控制律来实现载体姿态、关节轨迹的跟踪。利用线性观测器得到快变子系统的观测速度矢量,基于这个观测速度矢量与线性系统的最优控制理论设计系统的快变控制力矩,实现两柔性杆振动的抑制。最后通过系统的数值仿真,证实了方法的有效性。     

基于状态反馈的主动转向控制

通过对前轮主动转向结构形式的分析和简化,建立了状态空间形式的主动前轮转向动力学模型。并以转向盘转角、横摆角速度和侧偏角为优化目标,设计了线性二次型调节器控制。通过横摆角速度和质心侧偏角的共同反馈,控制电动机助力转角,实现主动转向。控制过程中,设计状态观测器对难以直接测量的质心侧偏角信号进行估计,满足系统对反馈信号的需求。利用Matlab对转向路径跟踪过程及遭遇侧向风作用工况的仿真分析表明,通过横摆角速度和侧偏角的反馈控制,将横摆角速度控制在理想的范围,质心侧偏角被限制在车轮的线性范围内,有效地改善整车的转向特性,提高汽车的操纵稳定性。     

Disturbance observer based fault estimation and dynamic output feedback fault tolerant control for fuzzy systems with local nonlinear models

This paper addresses the problems of fault estimation (FE) and fault tolerant control (FTC) for fuzzy systems with local nonlinear models, external disturbances, sensor and actuator faults, simultaneously. Disturbance observer (DO) and FE observer are designed, simultaneously. Compared with the existing results, the proposed observer is with a wider application range. Using the estimation information, a novel fuzzy dynamic output feedback fault tolerant controller (DOFFTC) is designed. The controller can be used for the fuzzy systems with unmeasurable local nonlinear models, mismatched input disturbances, and measurement output affecting by sensor faults and disturbances. At last, the simulation shows the effectiveness of the proposed methods.     

基于改进型全维观测器的 BLDC 无传感器控制

对基于全维观测器的无刷直流电机无传感器控制算法进行了研究,针对现有的传统全维观测器存在响应慢的问题,提出了一种改进型全维观测器,在传统全维观测器基础上,通过引入反馈增益,以提高动态响应能力和系统稳定性。为了验证提出方案的正确性,搭建相应的测试平台进行了传统和新型观测器的性能对比测试。由实验结果可知,所提出的改进型全维观测器无传感器控制算法能使系统响应更快,是实现无刷直流电机无传感器高速高响应控制的一种有效方法。     

State and actuator fault estimation observer design integrated in a riderless bicycle stabilization system

This paper deals with an observer design for Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) systems with high-order time-varying parameter dependency. The proposed design, considered as the main contribution of this paper, corresponds to an observer for the estimation of the actuator fault and the system state, considering measurement noise at the system outputs. The observer gains are computed by considering the extension of linear systems theory to polynomial LPV systems, in such a way that the observer reaches the characteristics of LPV systems. As a result, the actuator fault estimation is ready to be used in a Fault Tolerant Control scheme, where the estimated state with reduced noise should be used to generate the control law. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology has been tested using a riderless bicycle model with dependency on the translational velocity v, where the control objective corresponds to the system stabilization towards the upright position despite the variation of v along the closed-loop system trajectories.     

Fault Detection of continuous time linear switched systems using combination of Bond Graph method and switching observer

In this paper, a new Fault Detection (FD) scheme based on combination of switching observer and Bond Graph (BG) method for linear continuous time switched systems with Average Dwell Time (ADT) approach is proposed. The proposed scheme is a BG-based two-stage FD system in which the compact state space representation and Global Analytical Redundancy Relations (GARRs) are derived based on the BG model. In the first stage, a switched observer is designed considering disturbance attenuation level, fault sensitivity and rapid fault detection criteria by solving a weighted Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) optimization problem. Next, a new form of GARRs which is based on output estimation error of the observer and is called Error-based Global Analytical Redundancy Relations (EGARRs) is developed to combine the observer and BG method. The output estimation errors from the observer, which are adequately sensitive to faults and simultaneously the effects of disturbances are attenuated therein, are given to the EGARRs to generate the residuals of the FD system. The proposed method may be used for fault detection of switched linear systems with ADT based on the BG model of the system. Finally, two case studies including a two-tank system and a buck converter-driven DC motor are considered to show the efficiency and real-time implementation of the proposed method.     

四轮独立驱动汽车驱动系统故障诊断与容错控制

针对四轮独立驱动电动汽车驱动系统故障的危险工况,给出一种基于车载传感器信号和无迹卡尔曼滤波器的故障诊断方法。进而,针对在车辆驱动系统部分电机故障情况下,在低附着系数路面上横摆稳定控制中,仍采用跟踪期望横摆率和侧向速度的横摆控制方法会导致车辆失稳的问题,设计出一种基于障碍李雅普诺夫函数的容错控制方法,该方法通过选取障碍李雅普诺夫函数约束车辆横摆率和侧向速度,以解决现有通过跟踪横摆率和侧向速度的横摆容错控制方法仍存在失稳风险的问题。给出的故障诊断和容错控制方法,能够实时诊断车辆驱动系统电机故障,通过车轮转矩的重新分配,可使车辆较快回到稳定状态,提高汽车行驶稳定性。通过不同车轮电机故障工况的仿真,验证了所提出故障诊断与容错控制方法的有效性。     

Robust fault diagnosis algorithm for a class of Lipschitz system with unknown exogenous disturbances

A robust fault diagnosis scheme for nonlinear system is designed and a novel algorithm for a robust fault diagnosis observer is proposed in this paper. The robustness performance index is defined to ensure the robustness of the observer designed. The norm of most unknown input disturbances are assumed bounded at present. However, some systems are proved unstable under traditional assumptions. In the proposed algorithm, the external disturbances constraint condition that satisfies the system stability is derived based on Gronwall Lemma. The design procedure of the observer proposed is implemented by pole assignment. Adaptive threshold is generated using the designed observer. Simulations are performed on continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and the results show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm.     

Fuzzy Gain Scheduled Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor with Particle Swarm Optimization based PID control Minimizing Integral Square Error

In this paper, a new control scheme, the gain scheduled Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based PID, is proposed for a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). CSTR is a highly nonlinear process that exhibits stability in certain regions and instability in some regions. Generally, PID controllers are used in these processes. Tuning of the PID controller is required to guarantee the best performance of the CSTR. The proposed scheme implements the characteristics of the PSO's global optimization to tune the PID's control parameters: k_p, k_i, k_d, to obtain the best control effect by minimizing Integral Square Error online. The PID controller parameters tuned for each region using PSO are gain scheduled using fuzzy control. Fuzzy gain-scheduling is a special form of fuzzy control that uses linguistic rules and fuzzy reasoning to determine the controller parameter transition policy for the dynamic plant subject to large changes in its operating state. Simulation results show the feasibility of using the proposed controller for the control of the dynamic nonlinear CSTR.     

Model-based fault detection and isolation in steer-by-wire vehicle using sliding mode observer

Steer-by-Wire system (SbW), in which the conventional mechanical linkages between the steering wheel and the front wheel are removed, is suited to active steering control, improving vehicle stability, dynamics and maneuverability. And SbW is implemented to autonomous steering control to assist the driver. However, the SbW vehicle contains unsolved important problems about fault tolerant function. For example, it is the detection of sensor fault and multiplicative fault simultaneously. Fault detection and isolation (FDI) is essential in fault-tolerant problems, and conventional FDI for SbW was based on Kalman filter. But this method has weak robustness and cannot detect sensor fault and multiplicative fault simultaneously. We propose a novel model-based fault detection and isolation method using sliding mode observer in the SbW vehicle, which contains measurement of sensor fault and multiplicative fault. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulations. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Kyoungsu Yi Jae-Sung Im was born in Busan, Korea in 1978. He received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Pukyong National University, Korea, in 2003 and 2005, respectively. He then received his Ph.D. degree from Kumamoto University, Japan, in 2009. His interests are in vehicle dynamics, robust control, fault detection and isolation, and man-machine interface. Fuminori Ozaki received the B.S. and M.S. degrees from the Department of Computer Science, Kumamoto University, Japan, in 1998 and 2000. In 2000, he joined OMRON Corporation, Kyoto, Japan, where he developed semiconductor manufacturing equipment. His current interests include EPS control and KANSEI engineering. Tae-Kyeong Yue received the B.S. and M.S. degrees from Pukyong National University, Korea, in 1998 and 2000, respectively. He received the Ph.D. degree from Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan in 2003. He is working in the Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute (KORDI), Korea. His interests are fault detection and isolation, decentralized control and control of deep-sea mining system. Shigeyasu Kawaji received his Master of Engineering in Electrical Engineering and Doctor of Engineering in Control Engineering from Kumamoto University and Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, in 1969 and 1980, respectively. He joined the Department of Electronic Engineering of Kumamoto University, Japan, where he is presently as a full professor. He is the Director of System Integration Laboratory. He is presently the President of Advanced Health Laboratory Ltd. His current research interest includes robust control, intelligent control mechatronics and robotics, fusion of medicine and engineering, and automotive mechatronic systems.     

柔性冗余度机器人振动主动控制

采用振动主动控制方法降低柔性冗余度机器人的弹性动力响应。设计了具有压电作动器与应变传感器的机敏连杆 ,建立了离散时变受控系统的状态空间表达式。利用 Bellman动态规划设计 L QR状态反馈控制器 ,并提出了一种状态估计的近似方法。平面 3R柔性冗余度机器人的仿真算例表明 ,采用该方法可以使柔性冗余度机器人的动力学性能得到显著的改善     

Reduced-order observer based fault estimation and fault-tolerant control for switched stochastic systems with actuator and sensor faults

This paper addresses the problems of fault estimation and fault-tolerant control for a class of switched stochastic systems with sensor and actuator faults. A reduced-order fault estimation observer is designed to estimate the system states, actuator and sensor faults, simultaneously. In the observer design process, intermediate variables are introduced such that the differential information of the measurement output is not included in the designed observer. Compared with the existing results, the dimension of the proposed observer is reduced, and the sensor fault can be completely unknown and unbounded. An observer based fault-tolerant controller is designed to stabilize the switched stochastic systems. Under arbitrary switching signal, the designed observer and controller can ensure that both the estimation error system and the closed-loop system are mean-square exponentially stable with disturbance attenuation performance. At last, both a numerical example and a switched electrical circuit example verify the proposed method.     

传感器故障下发射装置筒盖系统的容错控制

筒盖系统是潜艇导弹发射的重要装置。筒盖启闭通过电液伺服系统进行控制,筒盖系统通过角度传感器实现其闭环控制,传感器发生故障工况对潜艇的导弹发射将造成严重损害。为了保障筒盖系统安全稳定运行,针对其传感器故障工况设计了PI观测器,实现对筒盖系统传感器故障的实时估计,基于信号重构技术实现了对传感器反馈信号的矫正,并结合鲁棒控制器实现了对筒盖系统传感器故障工况下的安全稳定运行。试验结果表明,该控制器对筒盖系统发生传感器故障工况下的控制实现自愈效果,提高了其控制性能。     

电动助力转向系统的传感器容错控制技术研究

电动助力转向（EPS）系统的传感器故障将严重危害汽车的可靠性与安全性，研究EPS系统的容错控制技术具有重要的应用价值。在分析传感器故障容错控制概念的基础上，提出了利用调整观测器增益阵参数的方法并确定了传感器重要度的计算公式。通过建立EPS系统动力学模型的状态方程，设计了一种对任意k个传感器失效的分析表。提出的方法能较方便地确定EPS系统的传感器数量配置。     

基于LADRC的电动舵机高动态控制方法

自抗扰控制(Active Disturbance Rejection Control,ADRC)继承了PID控制基于误差反馈的优点,在控制中不需要模型的先验知识,并结合了经典调节理论与现代控制理论各自的优点,因而在实际工程中得到了广泛应用。文中分析了电动舵机传统PID控制中存在的动态响应慢和抗扰能力弱的问题;建立了基于直接转矩控制的舵机系统数学模型;设计了线性扩张状态观测器,并给出了观测器参数的简便确定方法,通过观测器观测出的扰动将系统补偿为串联积分器的形式;采用不同的控制器对补偿后的系统进行稳定性分析,根据稳定性和实现难易程度,决定采用比例微分负反馈控制器。最后对设计的观测器和控制器进行了仿真,仿真结果表明,设计的观测器和控制器与传统PID控制相比在动态响应和抗扰能力上都具有巨大的优势。     

Attitude maneuver control of flexible spacecraft by observer-based tracking control

A constraint equation-based control law design for large angle attitude maneuvers of flexible spacecraft is addressed in this paper. The tip displacement of the flexible spacecraft model is prescribed in the form of a constraint equation. The controller design is attempted in the way that the constraint equation is satisfied throughout the maneuver. The constraint equation leads to a two-point boundary value problem which needs backward and forward solution techniques to satisfy terminal constraints. An observer-based tracking control law takes the constraint equation as the input to the dynamic observer. The observer state is used in conjunction with the state feedback control law to have the actual system follow the observer dynamics. The observer-based tracking control law eventually turns into a stabilized system with inherent nature of robustness and disturbance rejection in LQR type control laws.     

基于单电流检测的电动变桨系统容错控制

针对电动变桨系统中常见的电流传感器故障,提出一种基于单电流检测的电动变桨系统变论域模糊容错控制方法。当变桨系统发生单个或两个电流传感器故障时,该方法利用直流母线电流传感器对所缺失的电流信息进行重构,保证三相电流能在任意两个相邻采样周期内得到及时更新,确保闭环系统稳定,并通过自适应阈值故障判断法完成故障相电流传感器的切换及容错。针对调制法引起的重构信号误差及电动变桨系统的主要控制目标,将变论域模糊控制方法应用于速度环,以改善系统抗负载扰动能力,提高容错系统鲁棒性。结果表明,该容错控制方法使得变桨系统在传感器故障情况下,牺牲部分系统性能后依然具有较理想的控制特性,并且该方法的正确性也得到了验证。