Physical function was related to mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease and dialysis

Previous studies have shown that exercise improves aerobic capacity, muscular functioning, cardiovascular function, walking capacity, and health‐related quality of life (QOL) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and dialysis. Recently, additional studies have shown that higher physical activity contributes to survival and decreased mortality as well as physical function and QOL in patients with CKD and dialysis. Herein, we review the evidence that physical function and physical activity play an important role in mortality for patients with CKD and dialysis. During November 2016, Medline and Web of Science databases were searched for published English medical reports (without a time limit) using the terms “CKD” or “dialysis” and “mortality” in conjunction with “exercise capacity,” “muscle strength,” “activities of daily living (ADL),” “physical activity,” and “exercise.” Numerous studies suggest that higher exercise capacity, muscle strength, ADL, and physical activity contribute to lower mortality in patients with CKD and dialysis. Physical function is associated with mortality in patients with CKD and dialysis. Increasing physical function may decrease the mortality rate of patients with CKD and dialysis. Physicians and medical staff should recognize the importance of physical function in CKD and dialysis. In addition, exercise is associated with reduced mortality among patients with CKD and dialysis.     

The deterioration in physical function of hemodialysis patients

Introduction: Physical function in people on hemodialysis deteriorates significantly, however quantification of the rate of deterioration has not been well established. The aim of this study was to examine the rate of deterioration in objective physical function among end‐stage kidney disease patients receiving hemodialysis. Methods: One hundred and ninety‐three participants (mean age 67.5 ±13.2 years, 60.6% males) receiving hemodialysis in Australia. Objective physical function was assessed via the 30‐second sit‐to‐stand and eight‐foot timed up‐and‐go at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks. Findings: We found a decrease in the mean number 30‐second sit‐to‐stands performed from 10.0 (IQR, 4.0 to 13.0); 95% CI (8.0, 11.0) to 8.0 (IQR, 0.0 to 11.0); 95% CI (5.5, 9.0) at 12 weeks to 7.0 (IQR, 0.0 to 11.0); 95% CI (5.5, 9.0) at 24 weeks and a significant overall decreased rate (RR = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.85; P < 0.001). There was a decreased performance in the eight‐foot timed up‐and‐go time from 8.9 seconds (95% CI: 8.1 to 9.7) to 9.0 (95% CI: 8.1 to 9.7) after 12 weeks and further increasing to 9.7 (95% CI: 8.7 to 9.6) seconds after 24 weeks, and overall decreased rate (HR = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.80; P = 0.001) between baseline and week 24. Discussion: Physical function significantly decreases on hemodialysis. Exercise programs to address this physical function decline should be included in hemodialysis treatment regimens.     

物理模拟虚功和余虚功原理及它们在金属成形工艺中的应用

在文[1]的基础上,本文建立了金属成形工艺非耦联系统和相似非耦联系统的物理模拟虚功原理及余虚功原理,并从该两原理出发导出了文[1]所建立的物理模拟变分原理。上述诸原理共同组成物理模拟能量原理。而物理模拟虚功原理及余虚功原理是物理模拟能量原理的统一理论。同时,给出了模拟虚功原理的应用。     

Dirac physical measures for generic diffeomorphisms

We prove that, for a C¹ generic diffeomorphism, the only Dirac physical measures with dense statistical basin are those supported on sinks.     

湖南回族体型特征初步研究

目的：了解湖南省回族的体型及体质特征，为临床医学和人类学提供资料。方法：以湖南省汉寿县毛家滩回族乡为主测区，对回族成年男、女400人进行活体测量与观察。所得结果用马丁分类法分析其体质特征。结果：湖南回族中等身材，男性以中头型为主，圆头型次之，女性则与宁夏回族人相仿。眼裂多呈水平，面阔、中鼻，女性多为凹形鼻，男性则以直鼻梁居多。结论：湖南回族除具有东亚人一般特征外，还具有本民族独特的体质特点。     

Metrology and fundamental physical constants

Fundamental problems of modern metrology are considered. It is suggested that problems arising in metrology during the construction of a system of measurement units are resolved at two levels: fundamental (theoretical) and practical. The increasing importance of developing and applying standards based directly on fundamental physical constants is noted. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 2, pp. 3–7, February, 2006.     

Fundamental physical constants and systems of units for physical quantities

Fundamental questions of contemporary metrology connected with redefinition of the basic units of physical quantities are discussed. Some new definitions of the kilogram, ampere, Kelvin, and mole are suggested and their consequences are analysed. The possibility of fixing some fundamental physical constants at the level of accuracy contemporary for 2011 is considered. Alongside the practical system of units, use of a fundamental (theoretical) system is proposed. The importance is noted of considering possible variations of physical constants for a fundamental system of units, whereas in practical metrology these variations are not currently essential. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 1, pp. 3–7, January, 2007.     

基于婴儿群体的体征监测产品设计研究

目的 通过研究用户身心特征与国内外现有产品的特点,归纳不同的用户群体对婴儿体征监测产品需求的侧重点,分析现有产品的种类、改进方法以及婴儿监测产品的设计趋势与可能的实现途径。 方法 通过对医院婴儿监护病房、月子中心等地方的实地走访,观察婴儿监测产品的操作使用过程与婴儿的反应,同时与医护人员、家长,以及经过专业培训的监测设备使用者进行交谈,结合对文献与数据的分析,归纳提炼现有婴儿监测产品的特点。结论 在婴儿监测产品设计中必须细分用户群,协调把握婴儿-产品-监护人三者之间的需求,同时转变设计理念,结合创新商业模式,立足乡土特色,抓住品牌差异化价值,用全面系统的设计眼光去考虑问题,才能设计出真正满足用户需求的产品。     

企业职工健康体检车产品服务系统的概念设计

目的 针对企业职工健康体检流程复杂、耗时长、检后沟通不便等问题,深入研究职工医疗体检服务流程,构建企业职工健康体检车服务系统并输出相应的方案设计。方法 首先,通过调研与分析目标人群的健康体检现状、需求以及行为,运用产品服务系统设计的理论与方法,归纳凝练体检车服务系统的设计策略。其次,结合服务设计中的服务蓝图、系统图、服务触点等方法,整合服务系统中利益相关者的需求,进行体检车产品服务系统构建,指导体检车硬件和信息系统设计。结论 基于前期研究结果进行体检车空间布局与规划、人机工效学分析、体检APP的设计输出,在一定程度上优化了企业职工健康体检服务流程,探索了医疗体检的优化模式,提升了用户的体检体验。     

霉菌对黑白底片的危害研究

馆藏的早期黑白底片霉变严重,已对底片构成严重危害。为了有效治理霉变,通过对霉菌进行的分离、鉴定,分析了霉变产生的原因。并采用环境扫描电镜研究了霉菌对黑白底片影像的影响,通过模拟实验对其霉变前后的物理性能进行了测试,结果表明霉变后,底片的抗张强度、耐折度明显降低。在此基础上,探讨了防止霉菌发生的有效措施。     

超高强度钢板 Docol 1200 M 温弯曲回弹研究

根据弯曲试验的原理设计并制造了模具,通过物理实验得出超高强度钢板Docol1200M在不同温度下V形弯曲和U形弯曲时的回弹,通过对实验结果的分析总结出回弹角度随温度变化的规律。     

葡甘聚糖复合生物材料的研究

为进一步探索和研制高性能生物材料，以生物大分子葡甘聚糖为原材料，利用物理共混法制成复合高分子生物材料，探讨了温度、时间、电解质各因素对材料稳定性的影响。并通过DSC等分析手段从材料的动态粘弹性、相容性研究了复合材料的稳定机理。结果表明，生物大分子经共混后产生交联反应形成强度、韧弹性、稳定性等方面性能优良的复合生物材料，并初步提出生物大分子复合后形成了互穿型与内包型网络结构模式。     

Visualization of internal energy flows in optical fields carrying a pair of fractional vortices

The internal energy flows resulting from the azimuthal component of optical currents in beams carrying a pair of fractional vortices during propagation have been experimentally detected in a knife edge test. Two optical vortices of fractional charge in a beam pair up by means of a connecting dark intensity line between intensity zeros of the vortices. Independent of the polarity of the fractional vortices, this pairing up process occurs. This is in contrast to the isolated intensity null points of vortices of integer charges and thus calls for a study on the internal energy flows in such beams.     

聚（3-羟基丁酸酯-co-3-羟基戊酸酯）改性研究进展

目的综述近年来国内外聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-co-3-羟基戊酸酯)(PHBV)的改性研究进展,为进一步开发PHBV在包装领域的应用提供科学的理论基础。方法以PHBV薄膜材料为主,根据PHBV的优缺点,从物理改性和化学改性2个方面进行阐述。结果 PHBV是一种拥有生物可降解性的热塑性树脂,具有广阔的应用前景,但PHBV的脆性大、韧性差,必须对其进行改性,且物理和化学改性均有优缺点。结论大量研究表明,PHBV经过改性后性能有所改善,但由于其相容性差导致复合材料性能的提升幅度有限,因此,有待开发和完善PHBV的生物降解性,且工艺简单、成本又低的改性技术。     

以动态心率为指标的体力疲劳的评价方法研究

对４０名男子和３５名女子在运动过程中和运动结束后体力恢复过程中的心率变化情况进行试验研究。证明在体力劳动中,心率恢复期和动态心率与体力疲劳程度之间存在着密切的联系。首次建立了以心率恢复期为指标的体力疲劳的分级方法。建立了用心率综合指标和相对心率综合指标来划分体力疲劳的方法,该评价方法的建立将使体力疲劳的动态测定成为可能。