一种求解软件可靠性分配的近似算法

在考虑开发成本约束的基础上,通过建立一种开发成本-可靠度-满意度三者平衡的软件可靠性分配和优化模型,将对软件可靠性最优分配问题转化为对模糊非线性规划问题的求解,从而为软件可靠性分配的最优化问题提供了一种新方法。为获得具有实际意义的数值解,提出一种沿着加权梯度方向进行变异的特殊遗传算法。最后结合实例,证明了该方法的有效性和合理性。     

基于软件架构的可靠性分配算法

研究软件可靠性分配中的软件开发成本最小化问题.将软件系统的成本最小化问题表达为一类带约束条件的组合优化问题,并且提出了基于架构的软件可靠性与开发成本评估及分配思想,建立了基于软件架构的可靠性-成本模型,提出了基于该模型的可靠性最优分配算法.该算法可以求解在给定可靠性目标前提下的可靠性分配问题,使得软件系统预期开发成本最小.     

基于监控的软件动态可靠性

在开放环境下,软件系统的行为更加的多样化和复杂化,而传统利用体系结构评估系统可靠性的方式大都在部署前实施,均基于对运行环境、用户需求的不变性假设．为此,本文通过监控发现软件行为与需求、测试不一致的地方,配合软件可靠性模型,动态评估系统在运行期间的可靠性．文中提出风险因子的概念和一种资源分配的方法,进而保障系统可靠运行,实验数据验证了本文提出方法的有效性．     

一种面向开发过程的软件可靠性预测方法

在进行软件开发时,该如何回答这样的问题,＂当前开发的软件可靠性是什么？＂这个对于用户来说是非常重要的信息,却难以表述。以此为方向,研究了一种面向开发过程的软件可靠性预测方法,结合软件开发各个阶段的特点,通过合理地采用软件可靠性早期预测模型,实现对开发中软件可靠性的预测。实践应用表明,该方法紧密结合软件开发的实际,反映了软件可靠性与开发人员的水平、开发规范的标准之间的联系,有助于采取必要的措施提高其以后的可靠性,从而也验证了该方法的工程实用性。     

软件可靠性度量方法

分析软件故障暴露率与软件测试次数之间的关系,提出在保证可靠性测试结果客观准确的前提下,有效减少验证测试次数的方法。结合软件可靠性和体系结构相关理论,提出基于组件的软件失效率定量计算方法。研究并利用软件可靠性度量方法,提高了软件可靠性测试效率和可靠性评估准确性。     

基于偏差分析的航空装备软件费用控制方法

针对航空装备软件费用控制与管理问题,提出了一种基于偏差分析的费用控制策略,给出了重大偏差标准设定方法,将挣值管理引入到航空装备软件费用监控中,解决了软件费用与进度的控制问题。研究结果表明,基于挣值管理的方法可准确掌握项目费用和进度的实施情况,当费用或进度偏离计划时,能够及时发现项目研发中存在的问题并采取策略进行调整,有效实现了软件费用和进度的监控与管理。     

Relative importance of evaluation criteria for enterprise systems: a conjoint study

Abstract.  While a large body of research exists on the development and implementation of software, organizations are increasingly acquiring enterprise software packages [e.g. enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems] instead of custom developing their own software applications. To be competitive in the marketplace, software package development firms must manage the three-pronged trade-off between cost, quality and functionality. Surprisingly, prior research has made little attempt to investigate the characteristics of packaged software that influence management information system (MIS) managers' likelihood of recommending purchase. As a result, both the criteria by which MIS managers evaluate prospective packaged systems and the attributes that lead to commercially competitive ERP software products are poorly understood. This paper examines this understudied issue through a conjoint study. We focus on ERP systems, which are among the largest and most complex packaged systems that are purchased by organizations. In a conjoint study, 1008 evaluation decisions based on hypothetical ERP software package profiles were completed by managers in 126 organizations. The study represents the first empirical investigation of the relative importance that managers ascribe to various factors that are believed to be important in evaluating packaged software. The results provide important insights for both organizations that acquire such systems and those that develop them. The results show that functionality, reliability, cost, ease of use and ease of customization are judged to be important criteria, while ease of implementation and vendor reputation were not found to be significant. Functionality and reliability were found to be the most heavily weighted factors. We conclude the paper with a detailed discussion of the results and their implications for software acquisition and development practice.     

ABC:基于体系结构、面向构件的软件开发方法

基于构件的软件复用和开发被认为是提高软件开发效率和质量的有效途径,并在分布式系统中得到了广泛的应用.但是,目前的软件构件技术主要还是着眼于构件实现模型和运行时互操作,缺乏一套系统的方法以指导整个开发过程.近年来,以构件为基本单元的软件体系结构研究取得了较大的发展.它通过对软件系统整体结构和特性的描述,为面向构件的软件开发提供了一个自顶向下的途径.介绍了一种以软件体系结构为指导,面向构件的软件开发方法,试图为基于构件的软件复用提供一种有效的解决方案.这种方法主要是将软件体系结构引入到软件开发的各个阶段,作为系统开发的蓝图,利用工具支持的自动转换机制缩小从高层设计到实现的距离,而后在构件平台的运行支持下实现自动的系统组装生成.     

Integrated model for software component selection with simultaneous consideration of implementation and verification

One important objective of component-based software engineering is the minimization of the development cost of software products. Thus, the costs of software component implementation and verification, which may involve substantial expenses while under development, should be reduced. In addition, the costs for these processes should not be considered individually, but in an integrated manner, to further reduce development cost. In the current paper, an integrated decision model is proposed to assist decision-makers in selecting reuse scenarios for components used for implementation and in simultaneously determining the optimal number of test cases for verification. An objective of the model is the minimization of development cost, while satisfying the required system and reliability requirements. The Lagrange relaxation decomposition (LRD) method with heuristics was developed to solve integrated decision problems. Based on LRD, the nonlinear model is condensed into a 0–1 knapsack problem for the subproblem on reuse scenario selection and an integer knapsack problem for the subproblem on the determination of the optimal number of tests. Combined with the Lagrange multiplier-determined heuristic, the proposed algorithm can determine the global optimum solution. Simulations of varying sizes for problems and sensitivity analyses were conducted, and the results indicate that LRD is more effective than previous methods in determining global optimal solutions for the integrated decision problem.     

基于可信性的模块化软件开发费用分配算法

模块化开发是软件开发的一种重要方法。开发模块需要一定的费用,而要保证软件的可信性达到一定的指标,用户需要追加费用。在用户给定的开发费用内如何合理分配各模块的开发费用使得软件系统可信性达到最优是一个重要的研究课题。首先,根据模块可信性与费用之间的关系建立模块的可信性费用预估模型。其次,基于模块间的不同连接方式,建立不同结构下的软件可信性与费用分配模型并进一步利用动态规划的思想设计相应的软件可信性与费用分配算法。该分配算法可以在用户给定的开发费用内使得软件系统的可信性最优。最后,以自动售票系统为案例说明软件可信性与费用分配算法的应用。     

AIR application for reliability analysis considering debugging process and network traffic in mobile clouds

Mobile clouds are used by many people via a network service to share the computing resources, because of the unification management of data and low cost. In case of the mobile device, the network access devices are frequently used by many software installed via the installer software. Considering the effect of the debugging process on mobile software in the development of a method of reliability assessment for the mobile clouds, it is necessary to grasp the situation of installer software, the network traffic, the installed software, etc.In this paper, we develop an integrated method of reliability assessment considering the software failure and network traffic based on a hazard rate model and neural network for the mobile clouds. In particular, we develop the AIR application for reliability analysis based on the proposed method. Then, we show the performance examples of the developed AIR application to analyze the method of software reliability assessment for the mobile clouds.     

航空发动机控制软件组态软件的设计与实现

为了满足航空发动机数控系统控制软件标准化、可靠性以及开发周期等要求,提出了一种基于VC的发动机控制软件组态软件设计方案.重点研究了控制软件组态软件的实现机理,搭建出组态软件的结构框架,实现了发动机控制软件的图形组态设计、在线仿真以及代码生成等功能,并结合数据库技术构建了完善的控制软件算法组件库.最后通过实物在回路仿真试...     

多模块软件系统的最优发布原则

本文从软件模块的角度对软件系统对的可靠性和测试成本做出具体分析,讨论了多模块软件系统的成本和可靠性分配方式,从而使整个软件系统用最低的测试成本达到所要求的可靠性目标,然后用一个简单的例子说明了如何进行软件模块的可靠性和成本分配,从而实现软件的最优发布。     

基于模糊重用库的容错软件开发

容错设计是改进软件可靠性的有效途径，然而由于设计多样性的实现很困难且开销大，导致该项技术目前仅应用于一些安全关键系统之中，为此，提出了一种将重用技术引入到容错软件开发过程中的应用框架，框架以模糊重用库为核心，增强的可靠性开发模型为基础，参数化可靠性指标为相异性设计的依据，简化了容错软件的开发过程，在方法和实践上改进了软件系统的可靠性，介绍了重用库结构，增强的可靠性开发方法，基于重用的相异性设计及其容错软件开发的支持。     

Optimal testing resource allocation during module testing considering cost, testing effort and reliability

Software reliability is one of the most important quality attributes of commercial software. During software testing, software reliability growth models (SRGMs) are commonly used to describe the phenomenon of failure occurrence and/or fault removal which consequently enhancements software reliability. Large software systems are developed by integrating a number of relatively small and independent modules, which are tested independently during module testing phase. The amount of testing resource available is limited which is desired to be consumed judiciously so as to optimize the testing process. In this paper we formulate a resource allocation problem of minimizing the cost of software testing under available amount of testing resource, given a reliability constraint. We use a flexible SRGM considering testing effort which, depending upon the values of parameters, can describe either exponential or S-shaped failure pattern of software modules. A systematic and sequential Algorithm is proposed to solve the optimization problem formulated. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the formulation and solution procedures. Sensitivity analysis is performed to examine the behavior of some parameters of SRGM with most significant influence.     

一种软件自适应UML建模及其形式化验证方法

软件自适应的建模和形式化验证是提高自适应软件开发效率、保证自适应软件可靠性的基础,现有研究中软件自适应可视化建模与形式化建模相隔离,一定程度上阻碍了自适应软件的开发.为此,提出MV4SAS的方法,将可视化的UML与严格化的时间自动机相结合,用于软件自适应的建模和形式化验证.首先,应用UML扩展机制引入新的构造型、标记值和约束条件,定义软件自适应建模设施,在此基础上构造软件自适应结构模型和行为模型;然后,根据定义好的转换算法将软件自适应行为模型转换为时间自动机网络,建立软件自适应形式化模型;最后,定义一组软件自适应形式化验证性质,并利用模型检测工具UPPAAL验证软件自适应模型的可靠性.案例研究表明,该方法可有效降低软件自适应建模和验证的复杂度,提高软件自适应的建模效率和模型可靠性.     

航天软件测试模型构建与应用

针对航天软件高可靠性的特点,构建一种输入与输出模型测试方案,提出基于覆盖测试算法的测试方法,测试覆盖算法主要包含三种功能测试方法和三种结构测试方法。功能测试主要使用基于边界的方法、定义等价类、使用决策表分析三种方法。结构测试主要使用基于路径的测试、数据流测试、片测试三种方法。实例验证,该方法清晰明了、便于发现航天软件缺陷、降低航天软件开发风险与代价以及保证航天软件质量。     

软件可靠性加速测试方法研究

文章介绍和分析了国内外有关软件可靠性加速测试的概念和特点,对国内外安全关键软件的可靠性加速测试方法和基于灰盒的软件可靠性加速测试方法的研究成果和进展进行了分析、总结和论述,探讨了软件可靠性加速测试中存在的问题和难点并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

基于层次和数据流驱动的软件可靠性分配方法

为了提高软件可靠性分配的有效性, 提出了一种基于层次和数据流驱动的软件可靠性分配方法。该方法对传统的重要度、复杂度度量方法进行改进; 针对软件系统开发初期体系结构中系统模块层次关系及模块间数据流关系进行抽象, 形成体系结构形式化定义, 建立可靠性因子的度量准则及度量模型, 依据度量模型对可靠性进行分配。最后结合实例进行了分析和验证, 结果表明了该分配模型的有效性和可行性。     

基于通用知识的软件设计安全性评估

安全性作为软件系统的重要属性,越来越受到人们的重视．在软件开发的早期对安全性进行评估,对软件的质量控制和成本控制有着重要意义．当前的软件安全性评估主要依靠专家评审,结果的客观性及准确性常常受到专家主观意见的影响．通过使用通用知识作为评估依据,提出一种可以对UML顺序图形式的软件设计文档进行自动化分析的方法,可以发现软件设计中潜在的安全性漏洞．该方法可以减少结果中的主观性,同时,通过基于该方法的辅助工具的使用,可以大大提高评估效率．