利用胆固醇氧化酶转化胆固醇制备胆甾-4-烯-3-酮

用酶法催化氧化胆固醇制备胆甾-4-烯-3-酮相对于化学法合成具有反应简单、成本较低等优点.作者探讨了在正辛烷作为有机相的两相反应体系中,以胆固醇氧化酶催化氧化胆固醇制备胆甾-4-烯-3-酮的方法.在胆固醇质量浓度为40g/L,反应时间40min、反应温度40℃、磷酸缓冲液-正辛烷体积比32、通氧40L/h及搅拌转速300r/min下,胆固醇转化率达到92%,经薄板层析及紫外扫描,发现转化产物为单一的胆甾-4-烯-3-酮.     

菌株Bacillus sp ST06-95转化植物甾醇为雄甾烯酮发酵条件的优化

利用本研究室筛选获得的Bacillus sp ST06-95为出发菌株,对植物甾醇进行选择性侧链降解制备雄甾-4-烯-3,17-二酮 (AD)和雄甾-1,4-二烯-3,17-二酮(ADD).对转化条件如底物浓度、投料方法、投料时间进行了摸索,对发酵初始pH、转化时间、发酵温度、接种量、培养基组成等进行了优化.结果表明,用0.4%的Tween80配合超声波溶解、底物浓度为0.5%、菌体未生长时投加底物转化效果最佳.最佳发酵条件为:初始pH7.0、接种量12%、发酵温度30℃、发酵时间160h,发酵培养基中甘油与葡萄糖的含量为1∶ 4.在最佳转化条件下产物ADD与AD的得率从优化前的29.5%提高到42.5%,其中ADD与AD的含量比值大约为4∶ 1.     

羟乙基-β-环糊精微波协同提取山楂中花青素的研究

以羟乙基-β-环糊精的乙醇溶液为提取介质,用微波辅助提取山楂中的花青素,用紫外分光光度法测定山楂中的花青素的得率。在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验的方法。研究表明最佳提取工艺条件为:乙醇浓度为60%,微波功率为325 W微波提取时间为120 s,料液比(g/m L)1∶10,羟乙基-β-环糊精的用量m(山楂)∶m(羟乙基-β-环糊精)为1∶0.8。正交试验优化结果为:功率为260 W,微波时间为90 s,料液比为1∶20。在优化条件下提取山楂中花青素的得率为:3.35 mg/g。羟乙基-β-环糊精的加入,有效提高了花青素的得率。     

石花菜醇提物成分分析

目的：研究石花菜的成分,为其功能食品的研发提供基础数据。方法：采用薄层色谱、液-质谱联用方法分析石花菜醇提物的化学成分的丰富度。通过硅胶柱、高效液相等色谱方法对其进行分离纯化,并用气-质谱联用、核磁结合文献确证化合物结构;并对部分化合物抗氧化活性进行测定。结果：薄层色谱、液-质谱联用分析表明石花菜醇提物中含有丰富的次级代谢产物,且很可能是甾醇类成分。采用气-质谱联用方法从中鉴定到29个化合物（5个为甾醇类化合物）,其中棕榈酸（46.76%）、棕榈酸乙酯（13.82%）、胆甾醇（7.20%）、胆甾-4,6-二烯（4.99%）为含量最高的4个化合物。经色谱分离、核磁鉴定出9个单体化合物,分别为胆甾醇（1）、1,2-二醇植烯（2）、帕格甾醇C(3)、6-羟基-胆甾-4-烯-3-酮（4）、胆甾-5-烯-7-酮（5）、胆甾-5-烯-3β,7α二醇（6）、胆甾-5-烯-3β,7β二醇（7）、胆甾-4-烯-6-酮（8）、3-羟乙基-2-甲基-马来酰亚胺（9）。其中,化合物7清除DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基能力最好,其IC50值分别为180μg/mL和12.2μg/mL。结论：首次系统研究了石花菜醇...     

皮革防霉剂OIT的包合缓释研究

实验研究了采用β-环糊精包合皮革防霉剂N-辛基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮(OIT)的工艺.通过调整OIT与β-环糊精的质量比、包合时间、包合温度、溶剂混合比例,得到作为皮革缓释长效防霉剂的最佳包合条件:β-环糊精与OIT质量比为5∶1,包合时间1.5h,温度55℃,溶剂混合比例V(乙醇)∶V(水)=1∶2,此条件下可获得较高的包合率产物,并对产物进行了表征,证明了包合物的形成.     

反向合成超高水溶性麦芽糖基β-环糊精

以β-环糊精、麦芽糖为原料,采用普鲁蓝酶生物反向合成得到超高水溶性的麦芽糖基(α-1→6)β-环糊精,其最佳条件为麦芽糖与环糊精摩尔比为8∶1、普鲁蓝酶450U/gβ-环糊精、反应pH为4.0、温度为60℃的条件下反应38h     

桂皮醛与β-环糊精分子微胶囊的研究

研究了β-环糊精对桂皮醛UV-vis光谱的影响,结果表明:被β-环糊精包结后,桂皮醛的最大吸收波长不变,但吸光度值有规律的下降。Hildebrand-Benesi方程表明二者包结反应的摩尔比为1∶1,结合常数为533.6 L/mol。以桂皮醛为客体,β-环糊精为主体,研究了乙醇体积分数、温度、振荡时间对悬浮液法制备微胶囊中桂皮醛含量的影响。结果表明:桂皮醛含量随乙醇体积分数、温度的升高而降低,随振荡时间延长而增加,但4 h后桂皮醛含量基本不再发生变化。在优化条件下,微胶囊中桂皮醛含量为103.6 mg/g包结物。最后以红外吸收光谱为检测手段证明了β-环糊精对桂皮醛的包结。     

β-环糊精脱除猪油中胆固醇的研究

本实验利用三因素二次正交旋转设计,研究了搅拌温度、搅拌时间和β-环糊精添加量对β-环糊精包埋法脱除猪油胆固醇效果的影响,建立了各因素与胆固醇脱除率的回归方程,筛选出了较理想的胆固醇脱除条件,即:搅拌时间90min、搅拌温度45℃和β-环糊精添加量8.5%。在这三个因素中,β-环糊精添加量为主要影响因素,而搅拌时间的影响较小。     

3-甲基-环十五碳烯酮的合成

以2，15-十六烷二酮为原料，碘化乙基锌为催化荆，合成了3-甲基-环十五碳烯酮，获得反应的最佳条件为：2，15-十六烷二酮的浓度约为8mmol／L，碘化乙基锌与2，15-十六烷二酮的摩尔比为8：1，温度为80℃，反应时间为10h，产率达到56％．     

相溶解度法研究环糊精对二氢黄酮苷的增溶作用

采用相溶解度法,在不同温度下测定二氢黄酮苷在不同浓度的β-环糊精、α-环糊精、γ-环糊精、甲基-β-环糊精、羟乙基-β-环糊精、2-羟丙基-β-环糊精、麦芽糖基-β-环糊精溶液中的溶解度,绘制相溶解度曲线,研究环糊精对二氢黄酮苷的增溶作用及包合过程中的热力学参数变化。结果表明,随着环糊精浓度的增加,二氢黄酮苷的溶解度随之增大,相溶解度曲线为AL型,说明二氢黄酮苷与环糊精1∶1包合。7种环糊精均对二氢黄酮苷有增溶作用,增溶顺序为甲基-β-环糊精羟乙基-β-环糊精 2-羟丙基-β-环糊精β-环糊精麦芽糖基-β-环糊精γ-环糊精α-环糊精。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the