分子蒸馏技术分离米糠活性物质二十八烷醇的研究

二十八烷醇主要来源于动物蜡和植物蜡,米糠蜡和蔗蜡是其最大来源。二十八烷醇的提取与分离传统上采用高真空分馏法,可获得纯度50%的二十八烷醇产品,但分离效果和效率不太理想。采用分子蒸馏技术可以明显提高二十八烷醇分离效率,提高产品纯度。在薄膜蒸发器温度为170℃,分子蒸馏器温度为210℃的条件下,可获得纯度为52.6%的二十八烷醇产品,分离时间和分离效果明显优于传统方法。     

二十八烷醇生理功能研究进展

综述了近年来二十八烷醇生理功能研究的新进展,为深入研究其生理功能及其作用的分子机理提供参考。     

含二十八烷醇的苦荞麦茶饮料的研制

以苦荞麦为原料,经烘烤、浸提、过滤、调配后,加入乳化的二十八烷醇,杀菌、灌装,制成一种风味独特、营养丰富、抗疲劳的保健饮料;并对荞麦茶浸提工艺中用水量、浸提温度、浸提时间和配方及关键控制点进行了初步探讨。     

米糠蜡在超声条件下制备二十八烷醇的研究

在超声波强化条件下通过化学酯交换工艺从精糠蜡中提取高碳脂肪醇。研究了超声波功率、反应时间、蜡醇比、反应温度以及催化剂用量对二十八烷醇提取效果的影响。通过正交实验,确定了最佳的酯交换工艺参数：超声波功率200W,反应温度60℃,蜡醇比1：10,反应时间6h,催化剂用量1．5％。在此条件下,酯交换产品得率为85．82％,其中二十八烷醇含量为14．68％。与传统酯交换工艺相比,在超声波条件下酯交换反应得到强化,缩短了反应时间,提高了反应产物得率和二十八烷醇含量。     

二十八烷醇O/W乳状液稳定性的研究

二十八烷醇是一种高级饱和长链脂肪醇,水分散性差.通过实验,建立了二十八烷醇O/W乳状液配制方法,对不同食品添加剂对其稳定性的影响进行了详细研究.结果发现,低浓度一价盐、二价盐、糖、有机酸和氨基酸使二十八烷醇乳状液的稳定性上升.     

Physiological and glucocorticoid response to treadmill exercise of Holstein heifers

Effect of exercise for 8 wk prepartum on heart rate, respiration rate, rectal temperature, and serum glucocorticoid concentration was determined for nine Holstein heifers. Exercise was on a treadmill 30 min daily, 5 d/wk, for approximately 8 wk. Physiological measures were taken at rest and immediately postexercise; blood samples were taken via jugular vein cannulas at 2-h intervals 26 h preexercise, at 10-min intervals during exercise and 21.5 h postexercise, all at initiation of the experiment and again near the end of pregnancy. The three physiological measures increased during exercise at both the initiation and termination of the 8-wk exercise period. Mean serum glucocorticoids of heifers increased from 5.4 to 21.3 ng/ml during initial exercise but increased from 4.4 to 5.2 ng/ml following approximately 8 wk exercise. These glucocorticoid data mimic trends found in other species, i.e., physically fit subjects or animals trained to chronic exercise have lower glucocorticoids than sedentary or untrained subjects during intense or exhaustive exercise.     

气相色谱法测定番茄皮蜡中二十八烷醇的含量

建立番茄皮蜡中二十八烷醇含量检测的气相色谱方法.采用毛细管色谱柱:PE-5MS30m×0.25mm×0.25μ;程序升温210℃保持3min,9℃/min升至290℃,保持35min,22℃/min升至300℃,保持5min;进样口温度320℃,分流比60 :1;FID检测器;载气:氮气(99.999%),流速50mL/min;氢气流速:35mL/min;助燃气流速:400mL/min.该法简便、准确性和精密度好,对同一试样的4次平行独立测定的相对标准偏差为0.83%.     

含二十八碳醇的脱脂小麦胚芽饮料的研制

本文研究了含二十八碳醇的小麦胚芽饮料的工艺流程,确定了最佳配方和工艺要点,研究了随 着保存时间延长饮料中二十八碳醇的分布变化情况。     

Preparation of octacosanol from filter mud produced after sugarcane juice clarification

Filter mud from sugarcane juice clarification containing 6.85 g/100 g waxes was used for octacosanol extraction by supercritical CO₂ and hot ethanol reflux method, respectively. Comparing with hot ethanol reflux extraction, supercritical CO₂ extraction provided a similar yield of waxes but a higher content of octacosanol in the waxes (29.65 g/100 g vs. 22.52 g/100 g). However, saponification of the waxes extracted by hot ethanol reflux extraction has significantly increased octacosanol content to 47.8 g/100 g. For high efficient preparation of octacosanol from filter mud, hot ethanol reflux extraction of waxes followed by saponification was the method of choice.     

膳食鱼油对运动大鼠骨骼肌耗氧量及运动疲劳的影响

目的 考察膳食鱼油对运动大鼠骨骼肌耗氧量的影响及抗运动疲劳作用。方法 采用膳食鱼油喂食雄性Wistar大鼠8周,使用大鼠自体血液灌注后肢,通过坐骨神经(1 Hz、6～12 V、0.05 ms)刺激骨骼肌,并测定膜脂肪酸组成、骨骼肌耗氧量、肌肉收缩、收缩间恢复的变化。结果 膳食鱼油饮食组(FO)与对照组(CK)相比显著增加了红白骨骼肌膜中二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid,DHA)、总n-3不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFA)含量,降低了n-6:n-3 PUFA比值(P<0.05)。CK组和FO组三轮刺激时的初始和最大张力相比均有显著差异(P<0.05), FO组第一轮和第二轮的初始张力和最终张力之间存在显著差异,FO组第一轮和第二轮的最大张力和最终张力相比没有显著降低(P>0.05)。FO组的耗氧量与CK组相比无显著降低(P>0.05), O₂效果指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。FO组与CK组相比恢复时静息耗氧量有所减少。结论 通过膳食鱼油喂食大鼠发现膳食鱼油中的...     

响应面法优化超临界CO2提取凤丹籽油及对运动大鼠脂代谢紊乱调节

在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法优化超临界CO_2提取凤丹籽油的工艺,并研究其结合运动对大鼠的脂代谢紊乱的影响。结果表明:最佳工艺条件为萃取压力31.59 MPa、萃取温度44.49℃、萃取时间85.78 min,此时凤丹籽油的得率为34.60%。凤丹籽油呈现澄清透明状态,没有明显的异味,酸值等理化指标均在国家标准范围之内。大鼠试验表明:凤丹籽油结合运动对脂代谢紊乱的大鼠起到良好干预作用,并且凤丹籽油结合运动明显优于两者单独作用。     

The response of addult rats to varying combinations of dietary lysine and threonine

The response of adult rats fed diets containing amino acid mixtures with varying combinations of lysine and threonine was studied by estimating the change in body weights, organ weights, total nitrogen content of organs and the concentration of free plasma lysine and threonine. Analysis of variance indicates a significant effect of threonine, lysine and a significant interaction due to feeding the two amino acids on the body weights, organ weights and total nitrogen content of various organs. Significant effect on the level of the plasma free amino acid was also shown as a result of feeding the particular amino acid. Results show that in deficient animals the rates of building body protein are low but are higher in the lysine deficient animals than in the threonine deficient and protein deficient animals. The varying rates of exchanging protein between the various organs in response to changing the levels of amino acids in the diet would mean that total change in body protein or total nitrogen balance may not be satisfactory way to determine the protein or amino acid requirements for maintenance. It seems to be necessary to focus down on protein turnover rates in specific tissues.     

The response of adult rats to varying combinations of dietary lysine and threonine

The response of adult rats fed diets containing amino acid mixtures with varying combinations of lysine and threonine was studied by estimating the change in body weights, organ weights, total nitrogen content of organs and the concentration of free plasma lysine and threonine. Analysis of variance indicates a significant effect of threonine, lysine and a significant interaction due to feeding the two amino acids on the body weights, organ weights and total nitrogen content of various organs. Significant effect on the level of the plasma free amino acid was also shown as a result of feeding the particular amino acid. Results show that in deficient animals the rates of building body protein are low but are higher in the lysine deficient animals than in the threonine deficient and protein deficient animals. The varying rates of exchanging protein between the various organs in response to changing the levels of amino acids in the diet would mean that total change in body protein or total nitrogen balance may not be satisfactory way to determine the protein or amino acid requirements for maintenance. It seems to be necessary to focus down on protein turnover rates in specific tissues.     

Nutritional response of mature rats to kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) lectins

In a series of 10-day pair feeding experiments it was found that the nutritional value of diets containing beans was essentially the same for rats aged between 30 and 123 days. Thus net protein utilisation (NPU) values of 25–39 on diets containing Processor bean (35 g protein kg^?1) + egg albumin (65g protein kg^?1) were obtained. As food intakes were considerably reduced when rats were fed diets containing more than 35g protein kg^?1 of Processor bean, the measurement of protein utilisation became increasingly more difficult. The severe disruption of the brush borders of duodenal and jejunal enterocytes, originally observed when bean-containing diets were fed to young (30-day-old) rats was also found with rats up to the age of 120 days on similar diets. Similarly, the development of circulating anti-lectin antibodies in the animals showed no age dependence within the age limits investigated. It was also shown that oral immunisation did not protect the rats from the effects of toxicity and that the immune response was a result of continuous absorption of lectin throughout the feeding period. Thus the extent and the mechanism of toxicity of Phaseolus vulgaris bean lectins were found not to be dependent on the age or maturity of the animal.     

响应面法优化超声波辅助提取西兰花籽油及其对运动大鼠红细胞的保护作用

采用响应面法优化超声波辅助提取西兰花籽油的工艺,并研究其对运动大鼠红细胞的影响。结果表明:最佳工艺条件为料液比1∶8.48(g/mL)、超声温度55.48℃、超声时间191.60 min、超声功率123.03 W,此时西兰花籽油的提取率为24.36%;大鼠试验表明,西兰花籽油可以增强SOD酶和GSH-Px酶的活性,降低MDA含量,减少对红细胞的损伤,从而对运动大鼠的红细胞起到保护作用。     

虾青素和/或有氧运动对D-半乳糖诱导大鼠心脏衰老的干预作用

目的 探究虾青素和/或有氧运动延缓D-半乳糖诱导大鼠心脏衰老的潜在作用机制。方法 SPF级3月龄SD雄性大鼠40只随机分为安静对照组（C组）、急性衰老模型组（D组）、急性衰老+虾青素组（DA组）、急性衰老+有氧运动组（DE组）及急性衰老+虾青素+有氧运动组（DAE组）,每组各8只。C组不进行任何干预,急性衰老各组大鼠腹腔注射100 mg/kg·d的D-半乳糖,同时分别以20 mg/kg·d 虾青素和/或运动强度为60%最大摄氧量的有氧运动进行干预,实验周期为6周。末次训练12 h后取心脏,光学显微镜观察心脏组织形态并检测相关生化指标。结果 心脏组织形态,C组正常;与C组比较,D组出现心肌细胞排列紊乱、心肌纤维断裂及炎性细胞浸润等现象;DA、DE、DAE心肌细胞排列整齐、心肌纤维断裂及炎性细胞浸润情况有所缓解,DAE组最为显著,心肌组织形态更接近于正常状态。与C组比较,D组心脏组织超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、γ-谷氨酸半胱氨酸合酶（γ-GCS）活性及沉默信息调节因子1（SIRT1）、核因子E2相关因子2（Nrf2）、血红素氧合酶（HO-1）、B淋巴细胞瘤因子-2（Bcl-2）蛋白质表达水平、Bcl-2/Bcl-2相关X蛋白（Bax）比值显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）;细胞凋亡水平、Bax蛋白质表达、丙二醛（MDA）含量显著升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）。与D组比较,DA组心肌组织SIRT1、Nrf2、HO-1蛋白质表达均显著升高（P<0.05）,Bax蛋白质表达及MDA含量显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）;DE组心肌组织SOD活性和SIRT1、HO-1蛋白质表达显著升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）,Bax蛋白质表达及MDA含量显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）;DAE组心肌组织SOD、γ-GCS活性及SIRT1、Nrf2、HO-1、Bcl-2蛋白质表达和Bcl-2/Bax比值显著升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）,细胞凋亡水平、Bax蛋白质表达及MDA含量极显著降低（P<0.01）。与DA、DE组比较,DAE组心肌组织SIRT1、Bcl-2蛋白质表达及Bcl-2/Bax比值均显著升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）,细胞凋亡水平显著降低（P<0.05）;心肌组织细胞凋亡水平、SIRT1和Bcl-2蛋白质表达水平及Bcl-2/Bax比值具有协同效应。结论 虾青素和/或有氧运动干预均可通过上调SIRT1/Nrf2信号通路相关蛋白质表达,缓解和改善D-半乳糖诱导的氧化应激,降低心肌细胞凋亡水平,延缓大鼠心脏衰老。