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未知环境移动机器人自主导航是当前的研究热点.同步定位与建图是实现移动机器人自主导航的关键环节.目前,许多学者通过激光测距仪、声呐、相机等设备来研究同步定位与建图.本文提出了由一台笔记本控制携带Kinect传感器移动机器人获取信息,再通过独立工作站创建未知环境全局地图的方案.其中,笔记本获取的信息(深度数据)通过无线传输给工作站.Gmapping(一种高效的Rao-Blackwellized粒子滤波器将激光扫描数据生成栅格地图)参数被优化来提高地图创建质量和激光扫描数据精度.通过Turtlebot进行实验验证了本文所提方案的有效性. 相似文献
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In any autonomous mobile robot, one of the most important issues to be designed and implemented is environment perception. In this paper, a new approach is formulated in order to perform sensory data integration for generation of an occupancy grid map of the environment. This method is an extended version of the Bayesian fusion method for independent sources of information. The performance of the proposed method of fusion and its sensitivity are discussed. Map building simulation for a cylindrical robot with eight ultrasonic sensors and mapping implementation for a Khepera robot have been separately tried in simulation and experimental works. A new neural structure is introduced for conversion of proximity data that are given by Khepera IR sensors to occupancy probabilities. Path planning experiments have also been applied to the resulting maps. For each map, two factors are considered and calculated: the fitness and the augmented occupancy of the map with respect to the ideal map. The length and the least distance to obstacles were the other two factors that were calculated for the routes that are resulted by path planning experiments. Experimental and simulation results show that by using the new fusion formulas, more informative maps of the environment are obtained. By these maps more appropriate routes could be achieved. Actually, there is a tradeoff between the length of the resulting routes and their safety and by choosing the proper fusion function, this tradeoff is suitably tuned for different map building applications. 相似文献
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对两轮自平衡机器人的运动控制过程中相对定位的问题进行了研究.根据两轮自平衡车的特点,对诸如车轮打滑、碰撞、越障及转向等运动情况下的位置传感器和姿态传感器的信号进行了分析,提出了将光电码盘、MEMS陀螺仪与MEMS加速度计数据融合的方法,对机器人的位姿进行检测估计,从而解决了采用传统的单一位置传感器对机器人测程不准确的问题.同时也降低了陀螺仪、加速度计固有漂移的不利影响,提高了两轮自平衡机器人的定位精度.通过对两轮机器人分别进行直线运动实验、越障实验和异常碰撞试验,验证了两轮自平衡机器人组合定位方法的合理性和有效性. 相似文献
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导航与定位是自主移动机器人研究的重点,是实现移动机器人智能化的核心技术。本文从全区域覆盖移动机器人面临的实际环境,综合光电编码器、磁航向角传感器和LMS221系列激光雷达的特性设计一种混合定位系统。通过理论分析,论述同时定位与地图创建方法(SLAM)在导航系统中应用的可行性和解决方案。 相似文献
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胡劲草 《机电产品开发与创新》2006,19(5):28-30
定位是确定机器人在其工作环境中所处位置的过程。本文对室内自主式移动机器人的定位技术进行了研究。论述了自主式移动机器人定位系统与地图构造中所面临的主要问题及其解决方法并指出了该领域今后的发展方向。 相似文献
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胡劲草 《传动技术(上海)》2006,20(4):14-18,46
定位是确定机器人在其工作环境中所处位置的过程.应用各种传感器感知信息实现可靠的定位是自主式移动机器人最基本、也是最重要的一项功能之一.本文对室内自主式移动机器人的定位技术进行了综述,介绍了当前自主式移动机器人定位方法的研究现状.同时,对国内外具有典型性的研究方法进行了较详细的介绍,并重点提出了几种室内自主式移动机器人通用的定位方法,对其中的地图构造、位姿估计方法进行了详细介绍.最后,论述了自主式移动机器人定位系统与地图构造中所面临的主要问题及其解决方法并指出了该领域今后的研究方向. 相似文献
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Wang YaonanAuthor VitaeYang YiminAuthor Vitae Yuan XiaofangAuthor VitaeZuo YiAuthor Vitae Zhou YuanliYin Feng Tan Lei 《Measurement》2011,44(8):1389-1405
This paper investigates the possibility of using transferable belief model (TBM) as a promising alternative for the problem of path planning of nonholonomic mobile robot equipped with ultrasonic sensors in an unknown dynamic environment, where the workspace is cluttered with static obstacles and moving obstacles. The concept of the transferable belief model is introduced and used to design a fusion of ultrasonic sensor data. A new strategy for path planning of mobile robot is proposed based on transferable belief model. The robot’s path is controlled using proposed navigation strategy that depends on navigation parameters which is modified by TBM pignistic belief value. These parameters are tuned in real time to adjust the path of the robot. A major advantage of the proposed method is that, with detection of the robot’s trapped state by ultrasonic sensor, the navigation law can determine which obstacle is dynamic or static without any previous knowledge, and then select the relevant obstacles for corresponding robot avoidance motion. Simulation is used to illustrate collision detection and path planning. 相似文献
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应用同时定位与地图创建理论建立全区域覆盖移动机器人导航系统,融合航位推算理论和基于环境特征的定位方法,设计了基于光电编码器--磁航向传感器组合和LMS激光雷达的混合定位系统.使用扩展Kalman滤波技术完成了基于特征直线的机器人位置更新.通过计算机仿真,结果表明建立的混合定位系统和同时定位与地图创建方法是一种切实可行的全区域覆盖移动机器人的导航方法. 相似文献
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针对原始自适应蒙特卡洛定位(Adaptive monte carlo localization,AMCL)算法仅利用激光信息存在的缺陷,提出一种基于激光与视觉融合的语义地图进行全局定位,该语义地图融合基于深度学习的目标检测方法提取环境中的墙角语义;利用建立的包含墙角信息的二维语义栅格地图,结合视觉预定位方法及角点周围语义信息表来提高算法全局初始定位的效率和准确性,使得移动机器人可以在少量先验信息和运动的情况下更迅速地实现定位。提出视觉预定位的方法,改进了粒子权重更新方式,再同步结合AMCL算法与环境地图匹配进行精定位。最后通过搭建的移动机器人在不同场景下进行对比试验,验证了该方法的有效性。 相似文献
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Using sensor and GPS to make a trajectory planning for the stationary obstacle,autonomous mobile robot can assume that it is placed at the center of the map,and from the distance information between autonomous mobile robot and obstacles.But in case of active moving obstacle,many components and information need to process since their moving trace should be considered in real time.This paper proposes mobile robot’s driving algorithm of unknown dynamic environment in order to drive intelligently to destination using ultrasonic and Global Positional System(GPS).Sensors adjusted the placement dependment on driving of robot,and the robot plans the evasion method according to obstacle which are detected by sensors.The robot saves GPS coordinate of complex obstacle.If there are many repeated driving,robot creates new obstacles to the location by itself.And then it drives to the destination resolving a large range of local minimum point.If it needs an intelligent circumstantial decision,a proposed algorithm is suited for effective obstacle avoidance and arrival at the destination by performing simulations. 相似文献
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This paper presents a technique for localization of a mobile robot using sonar sensors. Localization is the continual provision of knowledges of position that are deduced from its a priori position estimation. The environment of a robot is modeled by a two-dimensional grid map. We define a physically based sonar sensor model and employ an extended Kalman filter to estimate positions of the robot. Since the approach does not rely on an exact geometric model of an object, it is very simple and offers sufficient generality such that integration with concurrent mapping and localization can be achieved without major modifications. The performance and simplicity of the approach are demonstrated with the results produced by sets of experiments using a mobile robot equipped with sonar sensors. 相似文献
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语义信息可以使机器人更充分地理解未知环境,为更高级的人机交互和完成更复杂的任务奠定基础。为了能够使移动机器人实时地创建语义地图,在Jetson TX1嵌入式电脑上开发了一种轻量级的深度学习目标检测模型,在保证了检测精度的同时,实现了高效的目标检测功能。并利用了视频流中的帧间光流信息,使用运动信息指导传播算法降低检测算法的漏检率。对于Kinect传感器生成的深度图像有黑边、黑洞等缺陷,使用统一计算设备架构(CUDA)技术开发了一种实时的深度图像修复算法。利用即时定位与地图构建(SLAM)技术,实现移动机器人底层的定位、导航、地图创建功能,并在此基础上使用贝叶斯推理框架,同时融合了环境的度量信息与视觉识别信息完成了语义地图的创建。经过实验表明,所提出的方法在实际的、复杂的室内环境下可以使移动机器人实时地创建语义地图。 相似文献
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针对移动机器人即时定位与地图构建中时变观测噪声及粒子位置分布对SLAM精度的影响,本文提出基于变分贝叶斯的自适应PF-SLAM算法,采用高斯混合模型对时变的观测噪声建模,并通过变分贝叶斯方法,迭代估算出混合模型中的未知参数;同时根据粒子权值将粒子划分为固定粒子和优化粒子,通过粒子间的近邻拓扑位置关系调整粒子分布,处理时变观测噪声与优化粒子的位置分布,使得优化的粒子集可以更好地表示机器人位置概率分布,实现观测噪声及粒子位置分布自适应。仿真实验表明本算法对比传统PF-SLAM算法定位与地图构建误差降低了76.45%。实际实验表明本算法处理下的环境轮廓误差对比传统PF-SLAM算法的环境轮廓误差减小了61.87%。该算法有效提高了移动机器人的状态估计精度,为移动机器人即时定位与地图构建提供了新的参考。 相似文献
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Dr Dong Woo Cho Jong Hwan Lim 《The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology》1995,10(2):139-148
A complete Bayesian derivation for a sensor data updating formula for certainty grids is given, and its validity confirmed in a simulation. In the real world this formula alone is less valid because of the specular reflection effect, which seriously detracts from the map quality. A simple and practical approach, which greatly enhances the map quality in spite of some loss of range information, is proposed to compensate for this. A new path planning method based on the enhanced map is implemented on a mobile robot, and every aspect of the new algorithm is investigated through a series of experiments. The results show the validity and usefulness of the proposed approaches, i.e. updating formulae, specular reflection correction and path planning methods. 相似文献
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为了提高移动机器人在作业站点的定位精度,在考虑入射角的基础上,分析了发散角对超声波传感器测距的影响,建立了同时考虑发散角及入射角的超声波传感器测距函数关系表达式;提出了超声波传感器发散角的标定方法,并通过实验对发散角进行了标定;通过对比实验可以看出,所提出的关系表达式提高了超声波传感器距离测量精度。在此基础上提出了利用自动导航车(AGV)单个侧面两个超声波传感器实现移动机器人在作业站点侧向、前向及姿态3个方向的位姿定位方法,最后将该方法用于自主研发的移动机器人的定位试验,验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。 相似文献