稀土铝合金的枝晶间距

研究了加稀土Ｌａ、Ｃｅ或Ｙ的工业纯铝及Ａｌ－Ｍｎ,Ａｌ－Ｍｇ,Ａｌ－Ｃｕ,Ａｌ－Ｌｉ,Ａｌ－Ｃｕ－Ｌｉ,Ａｌ－Ｍｇ－Ｓｉ,Ａｌ－Ｃｕ－Ｍｇ,Ａｌ－Ｚｎ－Ｍｇ等１４种合金的枝晶间距。讨论了微量稀土、原合金元素、冷却速度和有效晶粒细化剂对枝晶的细化作用。结果表明,在各种冷速条件下,微量Ｌａ、Ｃｅ或Ｙ能显著细化工业纯铝和各种铝合金的枝晶;提出的溶质传输特征参数Ｐ０可正确反映稀土对铝合金枝晶的细化能力与原有合金元素的种类和含量的关系;冷却速度越大,稀土。对铝合金枝晶的细化作用越小;有效晶粒细化剂对铝合金枝晶的细化作用远不能与其对铝合金铸态晶粒的有效细化相提并论。     

铸造工艺参数和细化剂对K4169高温合金铸态组织的影响 II.枝晶组织及晶粒球化机理

铸造工艺参数和细化剂对K4169合金枝晶组织、元素偏析、夹杂及缩松有明显的影响,浇注温度越低,一次枝晶主轴长度和二次枝晶臂距就越小,在同一浇注温度下,化学法细晶试样的一次枝晶主轴长度较普通铸造试样的短,但二者的二次枝晶臂距没有明显差别,晶粒细化后,合金中主要元素Fe,Cr,Nb,Mo和Ti的偏析减轻,晶粒的形态由树枝晶向细晶组织中的粒状晶转变,对晶粒球化现象做了合理解释,微量细化剂的加入不会在铸件中形成夹杂,不会改变合金的相组成,在高的浇注温度下,细化剂使晶粒细化的同时,也使铸件中的缩松大大减少。     

纳米晶Al-Ti-B提高ZL109耐磨性的研究

为了研究纳米晶Al-Ti-B细化剂对活塞用ZL109合金耐磨性的影响,本文首先对Al-Ti-B中间合金进行了熔体快淬处理,得到了薄丝带状的Al-Ti-B中间合金,通过TEM分析可知,其为纳米晶组织;然后采用金属熔融铸造法,用纳米晶Al-Ti-B中间合金对ZL109合金进行了细化处理;最后进行了磨损试验.研究表明,纳米晶Al-Ti-B中间合金使ZL109的组织得到了很好的细化,硬度、耐磨性均明显提高.硬度（HBS）由125提高到132,提高了5.6%,磨损率由2.012% 降为0.389 4%,从而明显提高了抗磨损性能.由此得出,用快速凝固的方法对Al-Ti-B晶粒细化剂进行预处理,可以有效地提高ZL109合金的抗磨损性能.     

铝合金非树枝晶坯料制备工艺及其组织性能研究

本文研究了自制的晶粒细化剂及其工艺对A356铝合金铸坯力学性能的影响，并应用光学显微镜对金相显微组织进行了进一步的研究。结果表明当该细化剂质量百分比含量为0．5ω%时，其显微组织细化效果最明显，所制得的铝合金坯料性能最好，并且这种细化剂具有长效性的优点。然后将用该细化剂制备的非树枝晶铝合金坯料加热到半固态，压铸成厚臂零件，经T6热处理后零件性能较好。     

晶习调整剂及晶种对细晶煅烧氧化铝性能的影响

低钠细晶煅烧氧化铝是一种应用广泛的精细氧化铝，开发低钠细晶煅烧氧化铝绿色高效低成本制备技术意义重大。本文研究了预处理对工业氧化铝脱钠效果的影响以及晶习调整剂和晶种对煅烧氧化铝相转化率、氧化钠杂质含量、原晶粒度、研磨性能的影响，研究结果表明：以工业氧化铝为原料，通过原料预处理脱钠提纯，添加晶种异相成核诱导和晶习调整剂可以调控煅烧氧化铝的原晶粒度，提高相转化率，降低氧化钠杂质含量，得到高α相含量、低钠且原晶细小均匀的煅烧氧化铝，开发了回转窑煅烧生产低钠细晶氧化铝技术。     

熔体处理对A357合金枝晶搭接点的影响

采用双热电偶法分别测得不同熔体处理A357合金的枝晶搭接点，进而通过热分析法分别计算出枝晶搭接点的固相体积分数fs^coh。结果表明，冷却速率和晶粒细化处理对fs^coh的增大有较大影响；而变质剂（Sr）对fs^coh值的影响不明显。分析表明，冷却速率的提高以及晶粒细化剂的加入细化了晶粒和延缓枝晶的生长，从而提高fs^coh，而Sr的加入只改变Si的形态，对fs^coh的影响不大。     

铸造工艺参数和细化剂对K4169高温合金铸态组织的影响Ⅱ.枝晶组织及晶粒球化机理

铸造工艺参数和细化剂对K4169合金枝晶组织，元素偏析、夹杂及缩松有明显的影响。浇注温度越低，一次枝晶主轴长度和二次枝晶臂距就越小。在同一浇注温度下，化学法细晶试样的一次枝晶主轴长度较普通铸试样的短．但二者的二次枝晶臂距没有明显差别。晶粒细化后，合金中主要元素Fe,Cr,Nb,Mo和Ti的偏析减轻，晶粒的形态由树枝晶向细晶组织中的粒状晶转变。对晶粒球化现象做了合理解释。微量细化剂的加入不会在铸件中形成夹杂。不会改变合金的相组成。在高的浇注温度下，细化剂使晶粒细化的同时，也使铸件中的缩松大大减少。     

深过冷Cu-20%Pb亚偏晶合金凝固组织的细化机制

采用熔融玻璃净化与循环过热相结合的方法研究Cu-20%Pb亚偏晶合金的凝固组织,用BCT-LKT枝晶生长模型对深过冷凝固过程的热力学参数进行了计算,分析了过冷Cu-20%Pb亚偏晶合金的凝固机制.结果表明,在低过冷度下,Cu-20%Pb亚偏晶合金凝固组织由粗大的Cu枝晶和Pb相组成.随着过冷度的增大,Cu枝晶和Pb相细化,Pb相分布均匀.但在不同的过冷度范围,凝固组织细化机制不同.过冷度小于200 K时,快速凝固阶段结晶潜热集中释放造成的温度回升引起枝晶大量重熔是枝晶细化的主要因素;过冷度大于200 K时,枝晶高速生长导致枝晶各部位的不均匀收缩及枝晶骨架间液相的高速流动会使枝晶受力产生碎断,枝晶重熔和枝晶碎断共同作用使得枝晶发生细化.     

RE对细晶铝锭细化效果的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析等方法研究分析了不同RE添加量对细晶铝锭细化效果的影响。试验结果表明，混合RE对细晶铝锭有明显的晶粒细化作用。随着RE含量的增加，晶粒平均直径减小。当RE的质量分数达到0．30％时，可得到最好的晶粒细化效果；当RE的质量分数超过0．30％后，细化效果开始下降。并分析了添加RE后细晶铝锭细化晶粒作用的机理。     

形核剂成分对高碳钢凝固过程的影响

高碳钢连铸坯存在的最大质量问题是中心缩松、中心偏析严重.解决这一问题的关键是扩大铸坯等轴晶区比例,细化晶粒.本文以Fe-C合金作为形核剂,研究了形核剂含碳量对高碳钢凝固过程的影响机理.研究结果表明,向钢液中加入形核剂可有效地扩大等轴晶区.对高碳钢,中碳铁合金形核剂既可扩大等轴晶区,又可细化晶粒;而低碳形核剂可以扩大等轴晶区,但细化晶粒效果差.为有效地发挥形核剂的作用,对不同钢种要合理地选择形核剂含碳量.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。