Ion sputtered surfaces as templates for carbon nanotubes alignment and deformation

Starting from their discovery in 1991, carbon nanotubes have attracted a great attention, thanks to their peculiar mechanical, electrical and elastic properties that could be used to realize new devices in many different fields.

For nanotechnology applications it is very important to be able to control not only shape and position but also alignment and orientation of carbon nanotubes, both during the growth and after it.

Here we present preliminary results obtained by depositing carbon nanotubes (CNT) solutions on ion sputtered quartz substrates. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images allow to study both CNTs positioning on the “ripples” generated by Ar⁺ sputtering on the SiO₂ surface and their radial deformation induced by the “rough” surface.

Work is now in progress to optimize the sputtering parameters and solution treatment (purification and functionalization) in order to get single CNTs regularly arranged on a patterned surface.     

同位素示踪法在碳纳米管填充释放行为研究中的应用

应用同位素示踪技术,以^110Ag^m-AgNO3溶液填充、NANO3或HNO3溶液洗涤氧化开口后的碳纳米管(CNTs),研究了填充物^110Ag^m-AgNO3在水溶液中从碳纳米管中的释放情况;用高分辨透射电镜(HREM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线能量色散谱(EDS)对CNTs的填充情况进行了表征;根据放射分析测量结果计算了CNTs腔内部样品的填充量。结果表明,CNTs腔内有银材料填充并且在水溶液中不会释放出来;示踪技术能有效地应用于CNTs的填充、释放等行为的研究及材料填充量的定量测定。     

RBS/EBS/PIXE measurement of single-walled carbon nanotube modification by nitric acid purification treatment

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have many potential applications, including a number of promising biological applications. Nitric acid treatment solubilises CNTs by introducing functional groups, as well as removing amorphous carbon contaminants. Here, we report simultaneous RBS/EBS/PIXE measurements of nitric acid treated SWCNTs, focussing on the metal, nitrogen and oxygen content. We found that nitrogen remains constant in the samples despite washing and dialysis indicating it has either bound irreversibly via intercalation with the SWCNT and/or has been included in functional groups. We also found that the ratio between oxygen and platinum (catalyst) remains constant with treatment time (sampled at 2, 4, 6 h), indicating no more functional groups are made after 2 h exposure.     

用碳纳米管从硝酸溶液中回收镅

研究了用碳纳米管从放射性废硝酸溶液中进行镅的回收。在浓硝酸溶液中,碳纳米管对镅的吸附率小于1％;随着硝酸浓度的降低,镅的吸附率迅速升高,当溶液的pH值大于5时,碳纳米管对镅的吸附率达到99.95％以上。用1．5mol／L硝酸进行解吸,一次解吸能够从碳纳米管回收99％以上的镅。     

碳纳米管的放射性材料填充

开口纯化后的碳纳米管(CNTs)用放射性(^125I)NaI和(^110Ag^m)AgNO3溶液进行了浸泡、洗涤和洗脱研究，用高分辨透射电镜(HREM)和X射线散射能谱(EDS)对CNTs的填充情况进行了表征；使用放射性同位素示踪技术确定了CNTs内部样品的填充量。结果显示用本工作所采用的简单水溶液浸泡技术能将水溶性无机盐材料填充到CNTs中空结构内。实验表明，放射性核素示踪技术能有效地应用于CNTs的填充、释放等行为的研究。     

Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes by MWPCVD at Low Temperature

Growth of carbon nanotubes(CNTs) at low temperature is very important to the applications of nanotubes.In this paper,under the catalytic effect of cobalt nanoparticles supported by SiO2,CNTs were synthesized by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition(MWPCVD) below 500℃.It demonstrates that MWPCVD can be a very efficient process for the synthesis of CNTs at low temperature.     

金属离子在碳纳米管上的吸附及其对环境毒理学的影响

碳纳米管(NTs)易吸附环境中各种有毒金属离子,形成复合物,其生物效应和毒性有别于CNTs和金属离子单独作用及两重材料简单生物效应的叠加效果.阐述了金属离子在CNTs上吸附概况以及影响吸附的若干因素,分析了吸附作用对CNTs和金属离子环境毒理学的可能影响,指出了放射性核素示踪和同步辐射等核分析技术在相关研究中的重要作用...     

Enhanced field emission from nano-graphite coated carbon nanotubes

An effective method by low energy carbonhydrogen ion treatment to enhance field emission of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is demonstrated. Comparing with control, field emission (FE) currents of the CNTs by carbonhydrogen ion irradiation increased, and the turn-on field and the threshold field decreased significantly. The structure characteristic revealed by transmission electron microscopy demonstrates that CNTs are coated by nano-graphite particles after being treated with low energy carbonhydrogen ion and that there are large quantities of defects and grain boundaries in the coated layer. It is considered that the coating layer can decrease the effective surface work function of CNTs and correspondingly increase field emission. In addition, the defects, the grain boundaries and the C-H dipoles forming in the process of the low energy ions irradiation can effectively enhance the field emission.     

A study on bactericidal properties of Ag coated carbon nanotubes

A silver layer is coated on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD). Standard agar dilution method is used to evaluate the bactericidal rate against Gram positive S. aureus and negative E. coli. The structure and the chemical states are investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that Ag coated CNTs possess very high bactericidal rate. In comparison with the Ag coated pyrolytic carbon sample, the Ag coated CNTs show stronger bactericidal property.     

碳纳米管/聚丙烯酰胺复合水凝胶的制备及性能

通过活度2.072×1015 Bq、剂量率2 k Gy·h-1的钴-60进行辐照接枝和辐照交联两步法制备了碳纳米管复合水凝胶。使用傅里叶红外光谱(Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)、热释重分析(Thermal gravimetric analysis,TGA)、透射电子显微镜(Transmission electron microscope,TEM)、X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、BET比表面积(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Specific Surface Area)等方法对样品进行了表征。结果显示,改性后的碳纳米管(Carbon nanotubes,G-CNTs)的管壁出现了明显的链段,其傅里叶红外光谱在1 452 cm-1和1 726 cm-1处多了两个吸收峰;碳纳米管复合水凝胶的BET值(30 m2·g-1)比聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶的(12 m2·g-1)提高了一倍多。实验结果表明丙烯酸被成功接枝到CNTs的管壁上。G-CNTs在凝胶中均匀分散,并提高了复合水凝胶的比表面积和机械强度。     

AFM and STM investigation of carbon nanotubes produced by high energy ion irradiation of graphite

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) were produced by high energy, heavy ion irradiation (215 MeV Ne, 246 MeV Kr, 156 MeV Xe) of graphite. On samples irradiated with Kr and Xe ions large craters were found by atomic force microscopy, these are attributed to sputtering. Frequently one or several CNTs emerge from the craters. Some of the observed CNTs showed a regular vibration pattern. No other carbon based materials, like amorphous carbon or fullerenes were evidenced. Focused ion beam cuts were used to compare CNTs with surface folds on graphite.     

A molecular dynamics study of the clustering of implanted potassium in multiwalled carbon nanotubes

We have studied the low energy irradiation of carbon nanotubes (CNT) with K ions using classical molecular dynamics simulations with analytical potentials. The studied CNTs had diameters of about 0.5–1.2 nm and single or multiple walls. The average penetration depth and probabilities to introduce an impurity atom into CNT were studied with simulations on irradiating the CNT with single K ion. The number of potassium clusters, their average sizes and the damage produced into the CNT due to the irradiation were studied using multiple K ion irradiations. We found that the K ions are mobile in CNTs right after the implantation event and that they cluster together. For CNTs with 1–3 coaxial tubes, the highest ratio of K atoms in clusters per total number of K ions was obtained by using an irradiation energy of about 100 eV. Also the least damage per K ion was found to be produced into the CNT with this energy when those energies high enough for the ion to penetrate the outermost wall of the CNT were considered.     

SiC/SiC composite fabricated with carbon nanotube interface layer and a novel precursor LPVCS

Continuous SiC fiber reinforced SiC matrix composites (SiC/SiC) have been studied as promising candidate materials for nuclear applications. Three-dimensional SiC/SiC composite was fabricated via polymer impregnation and pyrolysis (PIP) process using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the interface layer and LPVCS as the polymer precursor. The microstructural evolution of the fiber/matrix interface was studied. The porosity, mechanical properties, thermal and electrical conductivities of the SiC/SiC composite were investigated. The results indicated that the high densification efficiency of the liquid precursor LPVCS resulted in a low porosity of the SiC/SiC composite. The SiC/SiC composite exhibited non-brittle fracture behavior, however, bending strength and fracture toughness of the composite were relatively low because of the absence of CNTs as the interface layer. The thermal and electrical conductivities of the SiC/SiC composite were low enough to meet the requirements desired for flow channel insert (FCI) applications.     

Plasma-enhanced Deposition of Nano-Structured Carbon Films

By pre-treating substrate with different methods and patterning the catalyst, selective and patterned growth of diamond and graphitic nano-structured carbon films have been realized through DC Plasma-Enhanced Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition (PE-HFCVD). Through two-step processing in an HFCVD reactor, novel nano-structured composite diamond films containing a nanocrystaUine diamond layer on the top of a nanocone diamond layer have been synthesized. Well-aligned carbon nanotubes, diamond and graphitic carbon nanocones with controllable alignment orientations have been synthesized by using PE-HFCVD. The orientation of the nanostructures can be controlled by adjusting the working pressure. In a Microwave Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (MW-PECVD) reactor, high-quality diamond films have been synthesized at low temperatures (310 ℃ - 550 ℃) without adding oxygen or halogen gas in a newly developed processing technique. In this process, carbon source originates from graphite etching, instead of hydrocarbon. The lowest growth temperature for the growth of nanocrystalline diamond films with a reasonable growth rate without addition of oxygen or halogen is 260 ℃.     

双光束白光干涉系统的理论模拟与实验研究

为了实现一般性样品的自由电子激光三维成像,搭建了一套用于上海软X射线自由电子激光装置的双光束单脉冲三维成像装置。计划利用可见光对该成像装置进行离线时空对准,利用自由电子激光对其进行在线时空对准。为了保证离线对准的顺利实现,需要搭建一套基于双光束白光干涉原理的离线对准系统。本文设计了一套双光束白光干涉系统,并结合波动光学原理和MATLAB软件对其进行了离线对准原理的理论模拟验证。随后搭建了该套系统,并成功对该系统进行了时空对准调试与验证,时间对准调节精度达48.1 fs。经简单改进后,该系统可作为自由电子激光三维成像装置的离线对准系统,用于其离线对准调节。     

Bench test of interferometer measurement for the Keda Reconnection eXperiment device (KRX)

Motivated by the need of the electron density measurement for the Keda Reconnection eXperiment (KRX) facility which is under development, an interferometer system has been designed and tested in bench. The 320 GHz solid-state microwave source with 1 mm wavelength is used to fulfill the high phase difference measurement in such low temperature plasma device. The results of the bench test show that the phase difference is accurately measured. In contrast to tens of degrees of phase shift expected to be measured on the KRX, the system noise (∼1°) is low enough for the KRX diagnostics. In order to optimize the system for better performance, we utilize the Terasense sub-THz imaging system to adjust alignment. The interferometer system has also been calibrated via changing of the optical path length controlled by the piezo inertial motor. Simultaneously, high density polyethylene thin film is introduced successfully to change a tiny phase difference and test the sensitivity of the interferometer system.     

The effect of ion sputtering of silicon substrates on the catalyst morphology and growth of carbon nanotube arrays

Polished Si substrates are sputtered by He⁺ ions, and carbon nanotube arrays are prepared on the Fe-coated substrates by heat chemical vapor deposition from acetylene. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy are employed to examine the morphologies of sputtered substrates, catalyst and carbon nanotube arrays. It is found that ion sputtering is effective in increasing the roughness of Si substrates, and helpful in obtaining higher density Fe catalyst particles and better-aligned carbon nanotube arrays.     

Design and development of five-channel interference filter polychromator for SST-1 Thomson scattering system

Five-channel interference filter polychromator is designed and fabricated for measuring electron temperature and density from Thomson scattered spectrum of SST-1 tokamak plasma. The instrument is designed for measuring electron temperature in the range of 20 eV-3 keV and electron density of 10¹⁸-10¹⁹ m⁻³. Optical ray tracing software, Zemax is used for simulating and optimizing the optical design. Each polychromator is a stand-alone unit with field programmable gate array (FPGA) based controller unit for easy operation, monitoring of the temperature variation of the instrument and communicating to a central personal computer (PC). The control unit also protects the avalanche photo diode (APD) detectors from damage due to high current flow, sets the slow channel gain and switches on the biasing power supply. Characteristics of the present polychromator design are relatively high signal throughput and variable bandwidth selection of filters combined with a stable, low cost and relatively simple configuration. Filter selection, arrangement order of filters, statistical error analysis, mechanical and optical design and estimation of electron temperature and density are discussed in this article. The fabricated filter polychromator is tested for its image quality, optical alignment, and integrated performance.     

上海EBIT装置的机械准直

采用准直望远镜对上海电子束离子阱(EBIT)装置进行机械准直,制定了合理的准直方案,设计了高精度的机械调节机构和良好的准直工艺,并进行了试验.通过准直,各组件的位置精度均达到设计指标,目前上海EBIT可以稳定运行在高压100keV和束流110mA的条件下.     

SSRF磁铁数据库系统的开发

上海同步辐射装置(SSRF)磁铁数据库系统的开发过程包括数据库的设计、数据库的实现和功能。SSRF磁铁数据库由一系列的用于存储磁铁物理设计参数、磁场测量数据、准直测量数据和电源数据等的数据表组成。它对于确保磁铁质量、分析磁场误差和准直偏差对装置性能的影响、帮助磁铁的安装准直以及装置的调试和运行等具有十分重要的作用。