断裂应变对含损伤焊接接头裂纹扩展驱动力影响的数值

利用弹塑性损伤-应变耦合有限元方法，对含有损伤的焊接接头三点弯曲裂纹试样进行了模拟计算，讨论了母材区的断裂应变εfB的变化对焊缝区裂纹的扩展驱动力J积分的影响规律。结果表明，焊缝中裂纹的断裂行为受到焊缝两侧母材断裂应变的明显影响。对于无论何种强度匹配的接头，在焊缝区各项力学性能参数保持不变的条件下，随着母材区断裂应变的减小，损伤率的增加，损伤区的扩大，焊缝中裂纹韧带区塑性应变及裂纹扩展驱动力J积分均有明显的提高；随着接头强度匹配比M的降低(即母材屈服强度的升高)，母材区断裂应变的变化对J积分的影响作用逐渐减弱；随着焊缝宽度的逐渐增加，母材断裂应变的变化对J积分的影响作用逐渐减弱，焊接接头试样的计算J积分值逐渐趋向于全焊缝材料试样计算得到的J积分值；当焊缝宽度增加到2H／a约为0．6时，母材断裂应变的变化对焊缝区裂纹扩展驱动力J积分的影响作用完全消失。     

焊接接头损伤条件下的断裂力学参量数值模拟

利用弹塑性损伤-应变耦合有限元方法研究了不同强度匹配焊接接头中母材区断裂应变的变化对焊缝区裂纹断裂力学参量J积分的影响规律.结果表明,对于强度高匹配、等匹配和低匹配的焊接接头,在焊缝区各项力学性能参数保持不变的条件下,随着母材区断裂应变的减小,焊缝区的塑性应变及裂纹扩展驱动力J积分均有明显的提高;随着接头强度匹配比M的降低(母材屈服强度的升高),母材区断裂应变的变化对J积分值的影响作用减小.     

含横向裂纹的力学不均匀焊接接头的J积分研究

利用MARC有限元程序提供的Delorenzi虚拟裂纹扩方法计算了平面应力条件下不同强度匹配的含横向裂纹的焊接接头模型在不同载荷下的广义J积分并对其进行了修正。通过对焊缝与母材的强度差别及积分路径中包含的焊缝与母材界面长度的修正,得到了适用于含横向裂纹的力学不均匀焊接接头的修正J积分。     

焊缝的非匹配对含表面裂纹管道接头J积分的影响研究

采用有限元方法对几种匹配情况下管道接头表面裂纹的J积分值进行了计算,结果表明焊缝强度匹配以及应变硬化参数匹配的影响随载荷加大而加大,但应变参数匹配影响比强度匹配影响小。对强度匹配对J积分值的影响进行了详细讨论,其结果表明对于高匹配接头来说,J焊缝金属相似文献   

熔合线含裂纹焊接接头复合角的研究

结合裂纹尖端应力应变场的分布规律,讨论了熔合线上舍裂纹焊接接头的COD断裂参量的分解情况。应用有限元方法分析了不同载荷作用下,不同组配焊接接头复合角φ与焊缝宽度的关系。进一步对熔合线上含裂纹焊接接头的复合角φ与焊缝应变硬化指数的关系进行了研究。结果表明,焊缝宽度、焊缝应变硬化指数以及接头组配对焊接接头复合角φ有很大影响。相对于焊缝宽度而言,强度组配对复合角φ有更为明显的影响,并且高组配和低组配焊接接头的复合角φ随着外加载荷的增加有相反的变化趋势。在同一外加载荷下,接头复合角φ随着焊缝应变硬化指数的增加而减小。     

裂纹深度和强度组配对焊接接头断裂性能的影响

利用弹塑性有限元计算和三点弯曲试验对不同裂纹深度，不同强度组配焊接接头试样的断裂性能进行了研究，着重讨论了裂纹深度和组配的不同对焊接接头试样加载过程中塑性区形状及大小，深浅裂纹分界点，抗断性能，裂纹尖端张开位移ＣＴＯＤ，Ｊ积分的影响。结果表明，裂纹越浅。加载时塑性区域大，断裂韧性值越高，高组配焊接接头试样加载时由于塑性区扩展到母材而具有较大的塑性区，低组配焊接接头试样加载时塑性区被抑制在焊缝中，尺     

宏观力学不均匀性对焊接接头动态J积分的影响

焊接接头是一个宏观力学不均匀体，力学不均匀性对焊接接头的动态断裂行为有重要的影响。采用MARC有限元程序，对含焊缝中心裂纹的低匹配焊接接头三点弯曲试样的动态断裂响应进行了计算模拟，并采用虚拟裂纹扩展方法计算了动态J积分断裂参量。作为比较，计算了相同条件下全母材及全焊缝三点弯曲试样的动态响应。由于惯性效应的作用，动态载荷响应曲线周期振动，焊接接头试样的动态载荷响应值介于全母材与全焊缝之间。用虚拟裂纹扩展方法计算的动态J积分与路径无关，惯性效应对动态J积分基本没有影响。低匹配焊接接头的动态J积分低于全母材而高于全焊缝。研究结果为承受动载的焊接结构安全评定奠定了基础。     

高匹配焊接接头裂纹的J积分研究

本文研究了含有纵向裂纹或缺陷的高匹配焊接接头材料不均匀性和焊缝宽度对弹塑性断裂表征参量J积分的影响规律.高匹配焊缝被理想化为含有一平行裂纹的一个硬夹层,其屈服应力高于母材.在平面应力条件下利用弹塑性有限元计算得到数值解.研究结果表明,材料不均匀性和焊缝宽度对J积分值有显著影响,特别当名义应力或名义应变较高时影响更大.因此,估算高匹配接头的裂纹推力时必须对此加以考虑.     

高组配焊接接头表面裂纹J积分试验研究

实际构件中大量存在着半穿型的焊接表面裂纹,对于这种力学性能不均匀三维裂纹体的弹塑性断裂力学参量的探讨还比较缺乏,利用Ｊ积分直接测试方法以及适当的理论弹性修正,对存在不同组配比的高组配焊接接头焊缝区的三维表面裂纹的Ｊ积分进行试验研究,着重讨论了接头组配比对焊接接头试样加载过程中裂纹扩展驱动力（Ｊ积分、裂纹嘴张开位移ＣＭＯＤ）、应变沿积分路径分布的影响。结果表明,焊接接头试样上应变的分布趋势取决于裂纹     

窄间隙焊接接头断裂力学参量J积分数值计算

根据焊接接头微区性能不均匀性,提出了微区匹配概念,采用微冲剪方法测试了核电焊接转子窄间隙焊接接头的抗剪强度,并由均质母材拟合确定了抗剪强度与屈服强度间的关系,反推得到整体焊接接头微区屈服强度,研究了焊接力学不均匀性对断裂力学参量J积分的影响.结果表明,当加载位置不同时J积分都随着载荷的增加而逐渐增大,且当载荷高于0.8倍极限载荷时,裂纹尖端进入塑形阶段,J积分值增长迅速.在相同的裂纹长度和载荷作用下,微区低匹配J积分值要高于微区高匹配J积分值,但加载区域微区匹配的不均匀性会使J积分值产生微区波动.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。