0Cr18Ni10Ti管道钢的随机循环本构模型

通过完成增量步应变控制疲劳试验,研究了新管道钢0Cr18Ni10Ti的随机循环本构关系。试验验证了以前在焊缝金属试验中的发现与推断,即工程材料的循环本构存在随机性,与循环应变-寿命关系的随机性一样,是固有的疲劳现象。拓展以前赵等人的工作(Nucl. Eng. Des., 2000, 199(3): 315-326),基于Ramberg-Osgood方程及其修正形式,提出了任意存活概率和置信度的随机循环本构模型及参数的求解方法。模型包括存活概率-应变-寿命曲线、置信度-应变-寿命曲线和存活概率-置信度-应变-寿命曲线。试验数据分析验证了模型的有效性和实用性。     

0Crl8Ni10Ti管道钢的随机循环本构模型

通过完成增量步应变控制疲劳试验，研究了新管道钢0Cr18Ni10Ti的随机循环本构关系．试验验证了以前在焊缝金属试验中的发现与推断，即工程材料的循环本构存在随机性．与循环应变-寿命关系的随机性一样，是固有的疲劳现象。拓展以前赵等人的工作(Nucl．Eng．Des．，2000，199(3)：315-326)．基于Ramberg-Osgood方程及其修正形式．提出了任意存活概率和置信度的随机循环本构模型及参数的求解方法．模型包括存活概率．应变．寿命曲线、置信度．应变．寿命曲线和存活概率-置信度-应变-寿命曲线试验数据分析验证了模型的有效性和实用性。     

Zr-4合金小试样高温疲劳行为研究

基于Zr-4合金漏斗薄片小试样,完成了室温和400℃高温下的等幅横向应变循环与应变疲劳试验.根据弹塑性有限元分析,建立了基于局部应变等效的应变换算方法,并结合实验结果,得到了估算Zr-4合金应变疲劳寿命的Manson-Coffin模型.结果表明:低应变幅下,Zr-4合金表现出循环软化特征;高应变幅下,Zr-4合金表现出循环强化特征.高温严重降低了低应变幅下Zr-4合金的疲劳寿命,随着应变幅增加,温度影响趋弱.分析表明,基于传统应变转换公式的M-C模型用于估算疲劳寿命偏于保守.     

结构材料常规疲劳数据库开发

开发了反应堆结构材料常规疲劳数据库管理系统，库中包含了常规疲劳设计分析曲线参量，即应力－寿命、概率－应力－寿命、应变－寿命、概率－应变－寿命、循环应力－应变及概率－循环应力－应变曲线参量，以及相关材料和试验条件信息。可通过材料名称或机械性能区间指标查询。根据查询结果，可进行常规疲劳设计分析与评价或常规疲劳可靠性设计分析与评价。     

0Cr18Ni10Ti管道钢的随机循环应变-寿命关系

试验研究了管道钢0Cr18Ni10Ti的随机循环应变-寿命关系。基于Coffin-Manson方程,提出了考虑了任意存活概率和置信度的随机CSL关系的模型及参数的求解方法。模型由概率-应变-寿命曲线、置信度-应变-寿命曲线和概率-置信度-应变-寿命曲线组成,分别用于表征试验数据分散性规律、数据量以及两者同时对概率评价的影响。试验数据的分析结果验证了模型的有效性和实用性。     

OCr18Ni1OTi管道钢的随机循环应变-寿命关系

试验研究了管道钢OCr18Ni1OTi的随杨循环应变-寿命关系。基于Coffin-Manson方程，提出了考虑了任意存活概率和置信度的随机CSL关系的模型及参数的求解方法模型由概率-应变-寿命曲线、置信度-寿命曲线和概率-置信度-应变-寿命曲线组成，分别用于表征试验数据分散性规律、数据量以及两者同时对概率评价的影响。试验数据的分析结果验证了模型的有效性和实用性。     

N18合金薄壁管高温应变循环与疲劳行为研究

应用新型自研夹具对N18合金薄壁短管进行400℃下的单轴拉伸和等幅低周应变疲劳试验。试验结果表明：N18短管高温循环应力应变滞回线有良好对称性；等幅循环下短管试样在较低应变幅下表现出循环硬化特性，而在较高应变幅下表现出循环软化；在多级应变循环加载下短管试样应力幅在循环中均保持稳定，循环本构关系不受多级应变循环工况差异的影响；材料循环特性不符合Manson律。获得了用于N18合金在400℃高温下的几个寿命估算式。     

316不锈钢室温和350℃低周疲劳性能研究

采用MTS材料试验机研究作为反应堆结构材料的316奥氏体不锈钢母材在350℃和室温,以及焊缝在室温,±0.3%~1.5%应变幅的低周疲劳性能试验,并采用扫描电镜对试验后样品进行了断口分析。研究结果表明,316不锈钢疲劳性能较好,室温下疲劳寿命高出350℃同一应变幅的30%~50%以上,且母材的疲劳寿命显著高出焊缝同一应变幅的一倍以上。随应变幅的增加,材料疲劳寿命相应下降,峰值应力增加。室温下母材和焊缝均呈现出随循环周次增加、峰值随应力逐渐下降的规律。母材在高温下,随应变幅的增加,逐渐由循环硬化过渡到饱和行为。低周疲劳试验后,断口表面可观察到裂纹源和疲劳条带。随应变幅增加,疲劳条带间距增大,且同一应变幅下,焊缝的间距大于母材,高温的疲劳间距大于室温,与疲劳试验结果相吻合。     

Zr-Sn-Nb薄片合金高温低周疲劳行为

采用Zr-Sn-Nb合金薄片漏斗试样,完成了室温和500℃高温下的低周疲劳试验,提出基于漏斗根部节点轴向应变的疲劳损伤等效假设。根据有限元分析,建立了Zr-Sn-Nb合金室温和高温下薄片漏斗试样测试应变到漏斗根部轴向应变的转换模型。结合低周疲劳试验结果,建立了在室温和500℃高温条件下用于估算Zr-Sn-Nb合金疲劳寿命的Manson-Conffin模型。结果表明:Zr-Sn-Nb合金具有循环稳定性;高温严重影响了Zr-Sn-Nb合金低应变幅下的疲劳寿命,随着应变幅的增加,温度影响趋弱。     

国产A508-Ⅲ钢辐照后的室温低周疲劳性能

以0.5%/s的应变速率,在室温空气中采用轴向应变控制方式测试了国产A508-Ⅲ钢辐照后的疲劳性能.测试结果表明,国产A508-Ⅲ钢在疲劳试验初始阶段出现应变硬化,随后保持应变软化趋势直到失效.推算出了总应变范围与疲劳寿命关系,并以Manson-Coffin方程的形式给出.对比了辐照与未辐照的国产A508-Ⅲ钢的疲劳试验结果,估算出经3.5×1019cm-2辐照后该材料的疲劳寿命大约是未辐照的2/3.     

Effect of tungsten and tantalum on the low cycle fatigue behavior of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steels

Reduced activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steels are candidate materials for the test blanket modules of International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). Several degradation mechanisms such as thermal fatigue, low cycle fatigue, creep fatigue interaction, creep, irradiation hardening, swelling and phase instability associated irradiation embrittlement must be understood in order to estimate the component lifetime and issues concerning the structural integrity of components. The current work focuses on the effect of tungsten and tantalum on the low cycle fatigue (LCF) behavior of RAFM steels. Both alloying elements tungsten and tantalum improved the fatigue life. Influence of Ta on increasing fatigue life was an order of magnitude higher than the influence of W on improving the fatigue life. Based on the present study, the W content was optimized at 1.4 wt.%. Softening behavior of RAFM steels showed a strong dependence on W and Ta content in RAFM steels.     

Fatigue Life Assessment Based on Crack Growth Behavior in Reduced Activation Ferritic/Martensitic Steel

Crack growth behavior under low cycle fatigue in reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steel, F82H IEA-heat (Fe-8Cr-2W-0.2V-0.02Ta), was investigated to improve the fatigue life assessment method of fusion reactor structural material. Low cycle fatigue test was carried out at room temperature in air at a total strain range of 0.4–1.5% using an hourglass-type miniature fatigue specimen. The relationship between the surface crack length and life fraction was described using one equation independent of the total strain range. Therefore, the fatigue life and residual life could be estimated using the surface crack length. Moreover, the microcrack initiation life could be estimated using the total strain range if there was a one-to-one correspondence between the total strain range and number of cycles to failure. The crack growth rate could be estimated using the total strain range and surface crack length by introducing the concept of the normalized crack growth rate.     

Creep-fatigue evaluation of normalized and tempered modified 9Cr---1Mo

Creep-fatigue is a fatal failure mode of the high temperature structural materials of liquid metal fast breeder reactors (LMFBRs). In this report, two important issues are discussed for creep-fatigue evaluation of normalized and tempered modified 9Cr---1Mo (modified 9Cr---1Mo(NT)) steel which is a promising structural material for the steam generator of large-scale LMFBRs in Japan. Several evaluation methods based on the ductility exhaustion concept are discussed for the prediction of tension strain hold creep-fatigue damage of this material. A time-fraction type of linear damage summation concept based on a new ductility exhaustion theory is proposed from the point of view of its appropriate conservatism for time extrapolation and its simplicity.Also, a life reduction mechanism of low cycle fatigue with strain hold at the compression side is discussed, based on the data observed by a scanning type electron microscope. Creep damage or the tension mean stress caused by compression strain hold hardly reduce the low cycle fatigue life of this material. A new concept based on the location of oxidation on the test specimen surface can explain the reduction in low cycle fatigue life of modified 9Cr-1Mo(NT) steel.     

Low cycle fatigue properties of CLAM steel at room temperature

The low cycle fatigue (LCF) properties and the fracture behavior of China Low Activation Martensitic (CLAM) steel have been studied over a range of total strain amplitudes from 0.2 to 2.0%. The specimens were cycled using tension-compression loading under total strain amplitude control. The CLAM steel displayed initial hardening followed by continuous softening to failure at room temperature in air. The relationship between strain and fatigue life was predicted using the parameters obtained from fatigue test. The factors effecting on low cycle fatigue of CLAM steel consisted of initial state of matrix dislocation arrangement, magnitude of cyclic stress, magnitude of total strain amplitude and microstructure. The potential mechanisms controlling the stress response, cyclic strain resistance and low cycle fatigue life have been evaluated.     

Experimental and modeling results of creep–fatigue life of Inconel 617 and Haynes 230 at 850 °C

Creep–fatigue testing of Ni-based superalloy Inconel 617 and Haynes 230 were conducted in the air at 850 °C. Tests were performed with fully reversed axial strain control at a total strain range of 0.5%, 1.0% or 1.5% and hold time at maximum tensile strain for 3, 10 or 30 min. In addition, two creep–fatigue life prediction methods, i.e. linear damage summation and frequency-modified tensile hysteresis energy modeling, were evaluated and compared with experimental results. Under all creep–fatigue tests, Haynes 230 performed better than Inconel 617. Compared to the low cycle fatigue life, the cycles to failure for both materials decreased under creep–fatigue test conditions. Longer hold time at maximum tensile strain would cause a further reduction in both material creep–fatigue life. The linear damage summation could predict the creep–fatigue life of Inconel 617 for limited test conditions, but considerably underestimated the creep–fatigue life of Haynes 230. In contrast, frequency-modified tensile hysteresis energy modeling showed promising creep–fatigue life prediction results for both materials.     

N18锆合金的低周疲劳行为

在不同试验温度（室温～500℃）下,对N18合金进行了低周疲劳试验。试验结果表明：室温～300℃温区,合金表现为明显的循环软化;400、450℃时,合金逐渐呈现循环硬化,450℃时其硬化现象更为明显;500℃时则主要表现为循环饱和。随着温度的升高,疲劳寿命先增加后降低,300℃时疲劳寿命最高。低应变幅下,温度对疲劳寿命的影响更明显。通过疲劳断口SEM分析,室温下疲劳起源于单个裂纹源,疲劳裂纹扩展阶段的微观特征主要是疲劳条纹,局部区域出现轮胎状花样。在高温下为多裂纹源,大量二次裂纹的存在是高温疲劳断口的主要特征。     

核电厂主管道材料低周疲劳寿命预测方法评价

采用总应变控制方法,对压水堆核电厂主管道国产材料Z3CN20.09M进行了室温与350℃温度下的低周疲劳试验研究,获得了材料的疲劳寿命演化规律。采用Manson-Coffin方程、单拉估算模型、拉伸滞后能寿命模型和三参数幂函数公式对该材料的低周疲劳数据进行了拟合。通过寿命预测结果比较发现,除单拉估算模型外,其他几种模型对350℃高温下疲劳寿命的预测结果分散性明显高于室温疲劳。在众多模型之中,单拉估算模型拟合效果较差且预测寿命偏于非保守,而室温下拉伸滞后能法预测精度相对较高,350℃下则采用三参数幂函数法获得的预测效果更好。     

Low cycle fatigue of Eurofer 97

We have investigated the low cycle fatigue and creep-fatigue properties of Eurofer 97 and observed the associated microstructural changes. The as received structure is composed of equiaxed subgrains and a few martensite laths with a high dislocation density. Fatigue tests have been carried out in air or in high vacuum, from room temperature to 550 °C, under total strain control. It has been found that the influence of the test temperature on the fatigue endurance is not significant. The softening behaviour as a function of the imposed strain amplitude and temperature has been analysed in detail. The softening rate is independent of the imposed strain but strongly enhanced at the highest test temperature. Creep-fatigue tests were run, imposing a 500 s dwell at the maximum tensile strain of the loading cycle, at a total strain range of 0.5%, 0.8% and 1.4%, and at 150, 300 and 550 °C. The influence of the hold time is important only at the highest test temperature, under low applied strains. It was found that at the beginning of life, at the highest temperature, the softening rate with hold times is much stronger as compared to the softening rate without hold times. The amount of stress relaxed during the dwell is independent of the applied strain, at the end of life. The effect of fatigue with and without hold times up to medium temperatures on the microstructure was to lower the dislocation density and to decompose the laths and large grains into a homogeneous structure of submicron grains. At the highest test temperature, an increase of the subgrain size and carbide coarsening were observed.     

Effects of thermal aging on the low cycle fatigue behavior of austenitic–ferritic duplex cast stainless steel

Thermal aging is observed in a primary reactor cooling system (RCS) made of cast stainless steel. The observation occurs when the RCS is exposed for a long period of time to a reactor operating temperature between 290 and 330°C. An investigation of the effect of thermal aging on the low cycle fatigue characteristics of CF8M is required. The purpose of the present investigation is to find the effect of thermal aging of CF8M on a low cycle fatigue life. The specimen of CF8M is prepared by an artificially accelerated aging technique maintained for 300 and 1800 h at 430°C, respectively. The low cycle fatigue tests for the virgin and two aged specimens are performed at room temperature for the strain amplitudes (_ta) of 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2 and 1.5%. In the experiment, it is found that the fatigue life is rapidly reduces with an increase of aging time. The experimental fatigue life estimation formula, between the virgin and two aged specimens are obtained.