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1.
M Snchez‐Polo J Rivera‐Utrilla 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2004,79(8):902-909
A study was conducted of the mechanisms by which heavy metals, commonly present in industrial effluents, increase the purification effectiveness of ozone in the removal of organic contaminants of low biodegradability. For this purpose, the ozonation of 1,3,6‐naphthalenetrisulfonic acid (NTS) in the presence of Ni(II), Fe(II), Mn(II), Zn(II), Sr(II), Cr(III), Cd(II), Hg(II), and Cu(II) was examined. The presence of small amounts of Mn(II), Fe(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), and Cr(III) was observed in the system, increasing the degradation rate of the NTS and transforming the dissolved organic matter into CO2. The mineralization of the organic matter was highly favored, especially in the first minutes of treatment. The results obtained appear to indicate that the activity of the metals in the NTS ozonation process is related to their reduction potential. Thus, metals susceptible to oxidation by ozone are potential promoters of NTS ozonation. The presence of Fe(II) or Mn(II) during NTS ozonation increased its degradation rate by 79% and 72% respectively. Moreover, the reaction kinetics of metal oxidation with ozone controls the increase in the purification effectiveness of these systems. The presence of radical scavengers (tert‐butanol or bicarbonate) in the medium during the promoted ozonation of NTS showed a negative effect on this process, and the NTS degradation rate decreased with an increasing concentration of these inhibitors in the system. These results confirm that the degradation of NTS by ozone in the presence of heavy metals occurs by a radical mechanism. O3/Zn(II) and O3/Fe(II) systems were applied to the decontamination of urban waste waters. The presence of Zn(II) or Fe(II) during the ozonation produced a reduction during the first 5 min of treatment of 20% or 44%, respectively, in the concentration of dissolved organic matter present in the system. These results show that ozonation in the presence of heavy metals is a highly promising system for the purification of waste waters and industrial effluents. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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介绍和比较了O3/过氧化氢、O3/UV、O3/羟胺以及O3/过硫酸盐等组合工艺中污染物的降解效果、影响因素、动力学及主要反应机理,总结了不同组合工艺的优缺点及实际应用中存在的问题。基于O3的组合氧化工艺,利用羟基自由基(HO·)和硫酸根自由基(SO4·-)的强氧化性,能够显著提高污染物的降解性能。相比传统的高级氧化处理方法,O3组合氧化法具有强氧化性、低选择性、高处理效率,应用前景广阔。认为应降低O3制备成本,增强水中O3的转化率和利用率,探讨复杂基质中自由基抑制剂的存在对O3组合工艺反应速率的影响,加强对不同性质和结构的有机污染物、不同组合体系的反应条件控制、反应动力学及反应机理的研究,并开发适用于工业化生产及工程化应用技术。 相似文献
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A kinetic model has been developed, taking into account both decomposition of ozone molecules and interactions between ozone and hydrogen peroxide for formation of hydroxyl radical and subsequent reactions. Experiments were carried out at 25°C in the pH range of 3 to 13, indicating that the depletion rate of ozone increases with the concentrations of ozone, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl ion, as predicted by the kinetic model. Adverse scavenging reactions, however, also play significant roles at sufficient concentration ratios of hydrogen peroxide to ozone and high concentrations of hydroxyl ion in reducing the depletion rate. Results of this research suggest, that it is most desirable to conduct the peroxone oxidation for pollutant destruction by the hydroxyl radical reaction in alkaline solutions of pH below 11, while maintaining about the same concentration of ozone and hydrogen peroxide. 相似文献
4.
臭氧技术处理印染废水研究进展 总被引:5,自引:8,他引:5
印染废水经二级处理后,其残余的污染物及色度仍会对环境造成很大影响。因此,高效处理技术的研发十分必要。臭氧在水中具有较高的氧化还原电位,能够降解并矿化部分有机污染物。臭氧氧化与其它水处理技术相结合产生氧化性更强的羟基自由基,能够快速、无选择性地降解有机物,是处理印染废水行之有效的方法。综述了几种高效、实用的臭氧处理技术:臭氧/紫外光法、臭氧/过氧化氢法、臭氧/活性炭法和臭氧/生物炭法。并指出了该技术在工程应用中存在的问题:反应器内泡沫的大量产生、沉淀物的生成以及臭氧对反应设备的腐蚀等。提出了开发不同处理工艺的有效组合是臭氧技术应用于印染废水处理中的研究和发展方向。 相似文献
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J Beltran J Torregrosa J
R Dominguez J
A Peres 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2001,76(12):1235-1242
The oxidation of p‐hydroxybenzoic acid in aqueous solution by UV radiation and by photo‐assisted ozonation (UV+O3) has been studied. The effects of temperature (10, 20, 30 and 40 °C), pH (2, 5, 7 and 9) and ozone partial pressure (0.10–0.38 kPa) on the conversion of p‐hydroxybenzoic acid were established. Experimental results indicated that the kinetics for both oxidation processes fit pseudo‐first‐order kinetics well. In the combined process, the overall kinetic rate constant was split into two components: direct oxidation by UV radiation (photolysis) and oxidation by free radicals (mainly OH·) generated in the system. The importance of these two reaction paths for each specific value of ozone partial pressure, temperature and pH was quantified. Lastly, a general expression is proposed for the reaction rate which takes into account the two reaction pathways and is a function of known operating variables. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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通过试验研究Fenton体系中羟基自由基的生成规律,考察了H_2O_2浓度、FeSO_4浓度、pH值等因素对羟基自由基生成的影响;采用生成率试验确定最佳试验操作条件,分析了Fenton试剂降解中年期垃圾渗滤液COD的动力学过程,将其分为两个近一级反应,其中第一阶段速率是第二阶段速率的近10倍。结果表明:当H_2O_2:Fe~(2+)=4:1、pH=4时,羟基自由基的生成量最佳,并且COD的降解多数发生在第一阶段。 相似文献
8.
提出一种超重力环境下甲苯合成苯甲酸的新方法,对比不同臭氧化工艺合成苯甲酸的收率,研究了反应溶剂、臭氧气相浓度、过氧化氢与甲苯的摩尔比、超重力因子、液体流量对苯甲酸收率的影响规律。研究结果表明:RPB (rotating packed bed)-O3/H2O2较其他工艺具有更高的反应性能;得到优化的工艺条件是反应溶剂为乙腈、臭氧气相浓度为80 mg·L-1、过氧化氢与甲苯的摩尔比为0.15、超重力因子为40、液体流量为120 L·h-1,在优化的工艺条件下得到苯甲酸收率为45%。通过电子顺磁共振仪 (EPR)对反应过程中产生的活性自由基进行表征,结果表明,O3/H2O2体系中存在·OH。另外,用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析了中间产物,结果表明反应过程中生成的中间产物包括苯甲醇和苯甲醛。基于ERP实验和GC-MS表征结果,探索臭氧/双氧水氧化甲苯合成苯甲酸可能的反应历程。 相似文献
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P-A. Michaud M. Panizza L. Ouattara T. Diaco G. Foti Ch. Comninellis 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2003,33(2):151-154
Electrolysis in aqueous 1 M HClO4 and 1 M H2SO4 solutions has been carried out under galvanostatic conditions using boron-doped diamond electrodes (BDD). Analyses of the oxidation products have shown that in 1 M HClO4 the main reaction is oxygen evolution, while in H2SO4 the main reaction is the formation of H2S2O8. In both electrolytes small amounts of O3 and H2O2 are formed. Finally, a simplified mechanism involving hydroxyl radicals formed by water discharge has been proposed for water oxidation on boron-doped diamond anodes. 相似文献
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臭氧法降解水中氟苯的动力学研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
采用臭氧法降解含氟苯模拟废水.研究了氟苯降解的影响因素和动力学,考察了反应液初始pH值、反应物初始浓度、臭氧投量、反应温度对臭氧氧化降解氟苯反应速率的影响.结果表明,氟苯初始浓度0.52 mmol·L-1,pH 9,臭氧投量1.25×10-6 mol·s-1,常温下反应60 min后氟苯降解率达95%以上.氟苯在臭氧氧化下的降解符合表观一级动力学,采用幂指数方程描述反应动力学,得到方程C = C0exp(-0.324exp(-7437/RT) QO30.41C0-0.372[OH-]0.0942t).通过GC-MS测定氟苯降解主要中间产物为苯酚、苯醌、呋喃二酮、亚联苯等. 相似文献
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电化学诱发羟基自由基降解水中酚类污染物 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
DMPO(5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide)为自旋捕集剂,采用电子自旋共振技术(electron spin resonance spectroscopy,ESR)直接证实了经氟树脂改性的β PbO2阳极和不锈钢网阴极构成的电化学体系中产生的羟基自由基(·OH)。通过电化学氧化水中含酚类及其前驱体污染物,发现环状结构化合物受电化学产生的羟基自由基攻击而发生开环反应产生易生物降解的有机酸,如反丁烯二酸和草酸,直至完全矿化为CO2和水分子,苯醌是酚类污染物开环前产生的共同稳态中间体。该类污染物的电化学降解共性规律为电化学氧化技术的工业化应用和提高其处理工艺的经济性提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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臭氧氧化技术在水处理系统中具有良好的应用前景,但实际应用中受到臭氧传质及氧化选择性的限制。故本研究以对硝基苯酚废水为研究对象,采用一种新型旋转微气泡反应器,通过多孔陶瓷填料的旋转将臭氧气泡尺寸破碎至微米级别,实现对废水降解过程的强化,同时本研究还进一步考察了操作条件对臭氧传质过程和臭氧分解产生羟基自由基过程的影响规律。实验结果表明,提高反应器转速和气体流量可以加快臭氧传质和羟基自由基产率,同时提高溶液pH也可以提高羟基自由基产率进而提高对硝基苯酚的去除率。与其他操作变量相比,反应器转速的影响最为明显,说明改善臭氧气泡流体力学行为能有效地提高对硝基苯酚的去除效果,体现反应器强化臭氧体系的可行性。此外,二甲亚砜的加入抑制了对硝基苯酚的去除,说明臭氧的间接氧化方式是降解对硝基苯酚的一种重要途径。本研究结果为旋转微气泡反应器在臭氧氧化降解过程中开发及应用提供合理指导。 相似文献
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Plasma-assisted oxidation of organic compounds is one of the developing technologies for wastewater treatment. Plasmas effectively accelerate degradation processes due to plasma generated reactive species and ultra-violet radiation. Oxidation of BA in aqueous solutions by the atmospheric pressure glow discharge and underwater diaphragm discharge was studied and monitored by fluorescence and spectrophotometric methods. Discharge type and solution pH affect the formation rates of mono- and dihydroxybenzoic acids. Dihydroxyl derivatives were formed only by glow discharge action. The yields of hydroxyl radical were estimated on the kinetics data for the hydroxylation of benzoic acid. The steps of the hydroxylation processes and further oxidation were described. 相似文献
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在低浓度水溶液中 ,木质素磺酸可被臭氧 ( O3 )氧化降解。其氧化产物的紫外吸收光谱、1H核磁共振谱和红外光谱有明显改变。在臭氧作用下木质素磺酸大分子中的芳香结构被破坏 ,转化为CH3CO RO;R CO CH3O;CH3SO2 R三类链状化合物 ,原木质素大分子中的磺酸基主要被转化为 SO2 -4 相似文献
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ABSTRACTγ-Al2O3 was incorporated with SiO2 and used as carrier to support Ni and Cu oxides for catalytic ozonation of heavy oil produced water. The change of catalytic activity was in accordance with that of surface hydroxyl density after incorporation or reuse of catalysts. Nitrogen adsorption and X-ray power diffraction analysis indicated that the specific surface area decreased and the mineral phase and crystal structure of metal oxides unchanged after incorporation. The results confirmed that the neutral surface hydroxyl groups of the carrier were the active sites during catalytic ozonation. Increasing of surface hydroxyl could be another way of improving the catalytic efficiency of catalytic ozonation. 相似文献
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超声、臭氧、光催化及其组合工艺处理苯酚废水 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了在一定条件下,超声、臭氧、光催化等高级氧化技术的不同组合方法对苯酚的降解效果。结果表明,对于质量浓度为100 mg/L的苯酚溶液,反应时间为1 h时,超声、臭氧氧化、光催化三者单独降解率分别为8%、36%、35%。紫外光光催化分别与超声波或臭氧组合对苯酚降解有一定的协同作用,降解率分别为50%、78%;而声光催化技术与臭氧三者组合降解苯酚的效果尤佳,降解率达到85%。这归功于超声波的机械作用对臭氧扩散引起的积极作用以及声光催化协同产生的H2O2,从而生成的羟基自由基。 相似文献
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电催化氧化降解工业废水的研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
采用电催化氧化技术(electrocatalysistechnology)在电解槽中直接生成羟基自由基与Fe(OH)3絮凝剂,并对酚类、磺酸类及染整工业废水进行了降解研究。研究表明,电生成Fenton技术在处理还原型工业废水中均有很好的降解效果。对邻苯二酚和间苯三酚均有较高的电流效率,对间苯二酚和间苯三酚的CODCr去除率达80%以上;对十二烷基苯磺酸钠CODCr的去除率达到85%;对茜素红等染料的脱色率达100%,CODCr的去除率达到70%。 相似文献
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自吸式搅拌桨具有强化多相及均相体系混合的特性,被广泛应用于化工冶金等领域。本文提出了一种新型涡轮自吸桨,并对其在混合及氧化还原过程中的强化作用进行了研究。以电导率法作为测定方法,以混合均匀时间作为表征参数,对搅拌转速、搅拌输入功率、示踪剂添加位置、吸气和吸液混合等影响因素进行了系统研究。研究结果表明,混合均匀时间随搅拌转速增加而降低,且存在临界转速,即为200r/min,当搅拌转速大于临界转速200r/min后,混合均匀时间基本维持稳定;当搅拌桨以吸气形式运转时,其他条件相同的情况下,自吸桨200r/min转速的混合效果与常规搅拌桨350r/min的混合效果相当;当搅拌桨以吸液形式运转时,自吸桨在0.27kW/m3输入功率下可达到常规搅拌桨1kW/m3以上输入功率的搅拌混合效果。同时,本文以水杨酸为活性氧捕集剂,初步探究了自吸式搅拌桨在强化氧化还原过程的机理,研究结果表明自吸式搅拌桨在吸气运转过程中,混合搅拌体系产生了羟基自由基,对应羟基化产物在120min后积累浓度为73.47μmol/L。此外,以二价铁为氧化剂受体,以二价铁的氧化效率为表征参数,对自吸式搅拌桨实际应用效果进行了系统研究,研究结果表明,在氧化二价铁的过程中,当pH为5.0时,自吸桨氧化优于曝气氧化效果;在pH=4.0、常温条件下,相较于普通搅拌桨,自吸式搅拌桨对应体系的氧化效率达到30%,是常规搅拌桨的10倍;当转速大于300r/min时,转速增加对氧化平衡终点影响较小,对氧化速率影响较大,即转速为400r/min的氧化效率比300r/min的氧化效率高30%。 相似文献
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过硫酸盐高级氧化降解水体中有机污染物研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于硫酸根自由基(sulfate radical,SO4 -·)氧化原理的活化过硫酸盐(persulfate,PS)氧化法是近年来高级氧化工艺(advanced oxidation process,AOP)的研究热点,以经济、高效、环境友好、安全稳定的优势在水处理、环境保护等领域开辟了新的思路。此前,学者们发现过硫酸盐高级氧化根据活化反应条件(如温度、光照、pH、过渡金属及催化剂等)的不同,会产生不同的自由基参与氧化反应,对降解结果也会产生不同程度的影响。本文根据相关自由基氧化机理,从产生硫酸根自由基的单一氧化、复杂活化体系硫酸根自由基与其他自由基复合氧化以及强化降解等方面,分析了近几年国内外学者对过硫酸盐降解典型有机污染物的研究及在催化剂开发方面所做的工作,指出了许多新颖的过硫酸盐活化手段及其降解效果与不足,并就未来的发展进行了展望,以期为过硫酸盐氧化法未来更好地发展和应用探索出路。 相似文献