Tuning the bipolar conductance of an alkali-doped C(60) layer sandwiched between two tunneling barriers

Resonant tunneling through a C(60) monolayer doped with single Na, K, Rb, and Cs atoms was measured between the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope and a NiAl(110) substrate. By supporting the monolayer on a thin aluminum oxide film grown on the substrate, a double barrier tunnel junction is formed, consisting of the vacuum and oxide. This geometry enables conductance through an electronic state of the alkali-C(60) complex at both positive and negative sample bias. The positions of the conductance peaks can be varied by tuning the vacuum barrier. An opposite variation is found for Na and K as compared to Rb and Cs, suggesting the influence of bonding on nanoscale transport.     

C60分子Raman活性振动模态的计算分析

分子的振动特征是标定微观物质结构的重要手段，Raman光谱可以准确地测定分子振动的具有极化率的特征频率，而相应的振动模态则需要采用理论分析或计算来得到，群论方法是计算分子振动特征的主要方法，但它的分析过程非常复杂，在应用中具有较大的难度。本文在分子力学原理的基础上，针对碳一碳共价键给出相应的能量描述关系，建立了完整的碳-碳键合单元，并应用于C60分子的振动分析和计算，给出了C60分子Raman活性振动模态的计算结果，与相应的实验结果进行了比较，验证了本文所提出建模方法的正确性和实用性，基于实验数据还得到碳纳米材料中的碳-碳共价键的力常数，为分析具有共价键的纳米分子的振动性能提供一种简洁、高效的计算分析方法。     

Measuring an antibody affinity distribution molecule by molecule

Single molecule fluorescence microscopy was used to observe the binding and unbinding of hapten decorated quantum dots to individual surface immobilized antibodies. The fluorescence time history from an individual antibody site can be used to calculate its binding affinity. While quantum dot blinking occurs during these measurements, we describe a simple empirical method to correct the apparent/observed affinity to account for the blinking contribution. The combination of many single molecule affinity measurements from different antibodies yields not only the average affinity, it directly measures the full shape and character of the surface affinity distribution function.     

Au电极作用下C60、2C60与4C60富勒烯分子的电子传输特性

采用扩展的Hückel方法与格林函数方法,研究了Au电极作用下,C60富勒烯、2C60和4C60聚合体分子的电子结构与导电性,并对它们的电子结构与电子输运特性进行了对比.研究结果表明,C60、2C60或4C60富勒烯分子与Au电极 "接触"后,其HOMO、LUMO间的能隙减小;C60、2C60或4C60分子与Au电极之间的结合既有共价键的成分,又有离子键的成分,其中,C60、4C60分子与Au电极结合的离子键特征更为明显;三种富勒烯分子的电子输运性能依次具有C60>2C60>4C60分子的顺序.     

Characterization of K-Doped C60 by Positron Annihilation

Positron distributions and lifetimes in both bulk and trapped states have been calculated on K_xC₆₀ (x = 0,3,4,6) using the superposed-atom model and the numerical relaxation technique. Possible applications are discussed.     

Inelastic Interaction of an Electron with a C60 Cluster

The method of intersecting beams of C₆₀ fullerene clusters and of electrons is used to investigate the production of C ₆₀ ⁺ and C ₆₀ ^– ions and the radiation in the wavelength range from 300 to 800 nm for the electron energy E _e ranging from zero to 100 eV. The absolute values of the ionization and electron-attachment cross sections [⁺(E _e ) and ^–(E _e ), respectively] are determined. A maximum of ⁺(E _e ) of 0.53 nm²is observed at E _e = 52 eV. For a C₆₀ cluster excited by electron impact, delayed (150 s) ionization initiated by collision with the surface and ionization due to thermionic emission (its characteristic time at E _e = 60 eV is 6 s) is observed. It is found that, for E _e < 0.4 eV, the formation of C ₆₀ ^– is defined by the polarization capture of an s-electron (^– E _e ^–1 ), and a formula is suggested for determining ^–(E _e ). In the region of E _e from 1 to 6 eV, the cross section ^–(E _e ) shows only slight variations about ^–(E _e ) = 0.36 ± 0.03 nm². For E _e > 7.5 eV, C ₆₀ ^– ions proved to be unstable to electron autodetachment. In the region of intersection of C₆₀ and electron beams, radiation of a quasicontinuous spectrum described by a modified Planck formula for the thermal emission of spherical particles of diameter d is recorded. For E _e > 47 eV, the brightness temperature proved to be 3150 ± 50 K. It is found that this radiation is emitted predominantly by hot C ₆₀ ^+* ions produced as a result of thermionic emission from C ₆₀ ^* . The rate of radiation loss of energy by a C ₆₀ ^+* ion and the cross section for the formation of radiating C ₆₀ ^+* ions are found to be, respectively, 5.5 × 10⁵ eV/s at T = 3150 K and 2 × 10^–2 nm² at E _e = 60 eV.     

Ethyl oleate ozonide as an epoxidation tool of C60 and C70 fullerenes

When dissolved in ethyl oleate secondary ozonide, both C₆₀ and C₇₀ fullerenes undergo a series of epoxidation reactions. The pseudofirst-order kinetic rate constants of this process were determined spectrophotometrically at various temperatures and the activation energy for C₆₀ epoxidation through ethyl oleate ozonide was found at 25.9 kcal/mol. Furthermore, C₆₀ was found more reactive than C₇₀ with the ozonide. The kinetics rate constants of C₆₀ epoxidation with ethyl oleate ozonide were compared with the C₆₀ photo-oxidation and auto-oxidation determined in pure ethyl oleate. The epoxidation of fullerenes starts from the homolysis of the peroxide group of the 1,2,4-trioxolane ring of ethyl oleate secondary ozonide. Thus, it is suggested that fullerenes have a potential as decomposition agents of secondary ozonides in some technological applications.     

Solubility of C60

All the published data on the solubility of C₆₀ in 140 organic and inorganic solvents are summarized and the critical features of the experimental techniques are treated. Data on die temperature dependence of solubility are also listed and analyzed. Experimental evidences on the molecular state of dissolved C₆₀ as well as the interactions between the solute and solvents are discussed.     

Rb3C60单晶薄膜制备及Rb3C60/C60相界面稳定性研究

通过控制蒸发源电流、源和样品间距及扩散时间,室温下在C60单晶(111)解理面上制备出Rb3C60.用低温同步辐射角分辨光电子谱测量了样品的能带结构.观察到的能带色散表明样品为单晶薄膜.用X光电子谱首次研究了Rb3C60与C60相界面的稳定性.结果表明温度低于约420 K时界面是稳定的.     

Trapping of solvent by a C60 fullerene film

Mass spectrometry was used over a wide temperature range to compare processes of solvent (toluene) release and desorption of C₆₀ fullerene molecules from a fullerite film formed from solution on an oxidized metal substrate. It is shown that toluene is strongly retained in the fullerite film and that it is almost impossible to remove the toluene from the film without damaging its structure. Quantitative characteristics of the toluene retention and trapping effect are determined. Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 24, 23–29 (December 12, 1998)     

Modification of Polyimide by Energetic C60+ Ions

Thin polyimide foils were irradiated with 20 and 30 MeV C₆₀+ ions and then examined by FTIR. First changes in the FTIR spectra were observed at fluences as low as some 10⁹ cm^-2. The findings point at the onset of formation of new radiochemical reaction products for low fluences, and at polyimide destruction at higher fluences. It appears possible to scale different results on C_n⁺ (n = 1 to 60) single-atomic, cluster and fullerene ion irradiation with the total transferred energy density p_t = S_tΦt, where Φt is the cluster ion fluence and S_t is the total cluster stopping power in the polymer.     

Band Gaps of Na2C60 and K4C60

respectively.     

Photolytic breakdown of fullerene C60 cages in an aqueous suspension

Fullerene C60, a class of carbon nanomaterials, is widely used and is likely to reach the environment. The degradation and transformation of C60 aqueous suspensions exposed to simulated sunlight were studied. C60 aqueous suspensions prepared by stirring pristine C60 in water under sunlight exposure undergo breakdown with formation of a mixture of compounds with unknown chemical structure. The mass and infrared spectrometric analysis of the breakdown products shows the presence of broken C60 cages, as well as of oxygen and hydrogen atoms in their structure. The presence of oxygen in the breakdown products indicates a possible interaction of C60 molecule with oxygen from the air as well as with water. Interaction with water could also explain the presence of H atoms in the breakdown products. This demonstrates that fullerenes C60 are not stable in the environment and that the breakdown products should be considered when evaluating the environmental impact of fullerenes C60.     

A Remark on Intramolecular Transfer of an Injected Electron in C60 and C70

Abstract

A simple analysis on the intramolecular transfer of an injected electron into C₆₀ and C₇₀ has been performed based on the concept of orbital interaction. This analysis contains the partitioning of each fullerene into three parts and the examination of the frontier molecular orbital interaction for propagation of an injected electron into the whole Cgo or C70 molecule. This electron transfer process is shown to be “one-way” from energetical point of view.     

A Remark on Intramolecular Transfer of an Injected Electron in C60 and C70

A simple analysis on the intramolecular transfer of an injected electron into C₆₀ and C₇₀ has been performed based on the concept of orbital interaction. This analysis contains the partitioning of each fullerene into three parts and the examination of the frontier molecular orbital interaction for propagation of an injected electron into the whole Cgo or C70 molecule. This electron transfer process is shown to be “one-way” from energetical point of view.     

Growth and Characterization of C60 Crystals from Pure C60 and Fullerite

Good quality C₆₀ crystals have been grown from high purity C₆₀ powder and fullerene mixture (C₆₀/C₇₀) by vacuum sublimation method. The grown crystals were characterized with Optical microscopy, SEM, powder XRD, High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Raman spectroscopic analyses.     

C32C60C180、C60@C180富勒烯分子的压缩力学特性

采用Tersoff-Brenner势与L—J势的分子动力学方法，研究了双石墨层作用下C32、C60、C180以及C60@C180富勒烯分子的压缩力学特性。根据计算结果，讨论了几种富勒烯压缩过程中的变形、能量、压缩栽荷等的变化及其差异。研究表明，由于分子几何构形上的差异，压缩时，C180出现了明显的“塌陷”现象，“塌陷”过程中，能量及外载荷一度下降；几种富勒烯压缩时的能量吸收能力排序为：C32〉C60〉C60@C180〉C180，承载能力的排序为：C60@C180〉C180〉C60〉C32。     

Photoreduction of Water by the System of C60-Platinum-Methylviologen

The three-component system, fullerene-platinum-methylviolo-gen was successfully found to reduce water under the photoirradiation through a Pyrex filter. The maximum evolution of hydrogen was 110 μmol/head space of 5 ml/5 h.     

Effects of Mechanical Grinding on C60 And Ca5C60 Superconductor

Abstract

The effects of mechanical grinding on polycrystalline C₆₀ and Ca₅C₆₀ superconductor are examined. It has been found that mechanical grinding may severely degrade phases of C₆₀ (fcc) and Ca₅C₆₀ (sc). The grinding destroys the long-range ordering of crystals and produces a partial amorphous state. The damage of crystal leads to the disappearance of superconductivity for Ca₅C₆₀. The samples with an amorphous phase can be recrystallized by annealing at 600°C for pure C₆₀ and Ca₅C₆₀. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicated that the superconductivity of the degraded sample did not recover easily to the initial state.     

Studies of the System C60-Pb by Tunneling Spectroscopy

In the present work we report tunneling experiments on junctions of the type Al-oxide-C₆₀-Pb, and Pb-oxide-C₆₀-Pb. At low temperatures we observed a well defined and narrow semiconducting gap with a magnitude of the order of 6-7 meV. This gap corresponds to the semiconductor formed by C₆₀ doped with Pb.