Optical adaptive filtering for Doppler shift simulator

Based on free space laser communication, this article describes the working principle of electro-optical frequency shifting, designs an optical adaptive filtering module, and builds the core module of the dynamic optical Doppler shifting simulator for laser channel. It is expected to be applied to the heaven-ground integrated communication link. In this article, we adopt the electro-optical frequency shifting technique combined with the microwave-light wave. In the 1 550 nm band, the negative feedback algorithm is used to complete the adaptive filtering, which realizes optical Doppler frequency shifting and high-precision locking. The frequency shift range reaches +5.5—+32 GHz, and the analog precision is better than 645 Hz. When the microwave frequency is greater than 13.5 GHz, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the output optical power reaches 20 dB, which lays the foundation for the next stage space laser communication.     

AUTOMATIC ORTHOGONALIZATION DETECTION APPROACH FOR GS ALGORITHM

Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization algorithm is an interesting theme in the field of adaptive beam-forming and filtering as a fast algorithm. However, a key problem associated with this algorithm is that the number of orthogonalization, namely, the dimensions of interference subspace, is required to know prior. In this paper we derive a threshold and adopt it to detect the number of orthogonalization in the procedure of Gram-Schmidt(GS) orthogonalization decomposition, and this detection approach is simpler and faster than the approach based on eigenanalysis. Finally, computer simulation results were presented too.     

Study of energy transfer in silicon-based micro-ring resonators

Physical model, time-domain model, transmission spectra and energy transfer diagram of silicon-based micro-ring resonators based on the parallel waveguide structure are analyzed in this paper, in which transmission spectrum is ob- tained by Matlab, and the energy transfer process is analyzed by Rsoft. According to the analyses of the models and results, the energy transfer process in this type of resonator is clear to a great extent. The experimental results show that when the input signal is stable, the energy of the micro-ring resonator and the drop port tends to be steady after the input optical signal is coupled in the coupling region, which proves that the silicon-based micro-ring resonators can select specific optical signal if the input optical signal satisfies the resonance condition. However, if the resonance condition is not met, filtering function, optical switch function and signal selection function can be realized. Therefore, the analysis and simulation of energy transfer in silicon-based micro-ring resonators can not only enrich the silicon micro-ring resonator theory, but also provide new theoretical basis and method for the design and optimization of ex- isting, ontoelectronie devices.     

Fast lane recognition based on morphological multi-structure element model

This paper proposes a lane detection algorithm based on multi-structure element model of morphological. The innovative point of the algorithm lies in the facts that the flexible structure has the multi-structure elements that lane model features have, and that the algorithm adopts the morphological filtering principle to extract the pixels in the image, which is similar to the lane model. In the algorithm, the interested area is extracted by a model of trapozinm from original image, which is detected by the operator of Canny, and the lanes are extracted by the structure elements, which have similar characteristics to that of lane model. Several lines are detected by Hough transformation, then the traffic lanes are reconstructed. Experiments show that this algorithm is simple and robust, and can efficiently detect the lane mask accurately and quickly.     

Flat multifunctional liquid crystal elements through multi-dimensional information multiplexingOA

Flat optical elements have attracted enormous attentions and act as promising candidates for the next generation of optical components. As one of the most outstanding representatives, liquid crystal(LC) has been widely applied in flat panel display industries and inspires the wavefront modulation with the development of LC alignment techniques. However,most LC elements perform only one type of optical manipulation and are difficult to realize the multifunctionality and light integration. Here, f...     

Application of Spatial Filtering Techniques in the Measurement of the Velocity

As one of the interesting optical techniques for measurements of the velocity,the spatial filtering method is treated briefly in this paper.We shown theoretical analysis and calculation of spatial filtering velocimetry,and discussed two-dimensional measuremints of the velocity.About the data processing,we used A/D conversion and interfaced with a microcomputer,so that the data can be processed automatically by the microcomputer .The preliminary experiment was performed and the experimental results show the usefulness of the present method for measurements of the velocity.     

Research on the transmission performance of turbo codes in DDO-OFDM system

With the rapid development of optical elements with large capacity and high speed,the network architecture is of great importance in determing the performance of wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network(WDM-PON).This paper proposes a switching structure based on the tunable wavelength converter(TWC)and the arrayed-waveguide grating(AWG)for WDM-PON,in order to provide the function of opitcal virtual private network(OVPN).Using the tunable wavelength converter technology,this switch structure is designed and works between the optical line terminal(OLT)and optical network units(ONUs)in the WDM-PON system.Moreover,the wavelength assignment of upstream/downstream can be realized and direct communication between ONUs is also allowed by privite wavelength channel.Simulation results show that the proposed TWC and AWG based switching structure is able to achieve OVPN function and to gain better performances in terms of bite error rate(BER)and time delay.     

Laser-tuned whispering gallery modes in silica microbubble resonator integrated with iron oxide particles

A 473-nm-laser-tuned whispering gallery mode(WGM) silica microbubble resonator integrated with iron oxide particles is demonstrated in this paper. Owing to the photo-induced thermal effect, the WGM resonance wavelength could be tuned by adjusting laser power density of the illuminating light absorbed by the iron oxide particles. A wavelength tuning sensitivity of 0.03 nm/(mW·mm^-2) and a tuning range of 0.18 nm are experimentally achieved. Moreover, the influence of ambient temperature on the WGM spectral characteristics is experimentally studied, and a silica-microbubble-based reference scheme is demonstrated to compensate for the temperature-caused resonance wavelength variation. The proposed laser-tuned microresonator has great potential in optical modulation and high-precision optical filtering applications.     

Optical Fiber Instrument for Single—point Multi—parameter Measurement

A novel kind of optical fiber instrument for two-channel measurement of temperature and displacement was developed.Four-channel quartz fiber optics were emplotyed to measure two-channel signals of temperature and displacement simultaneously, and the operating efficiency of this instrument was greatly improved.     

Discriminating optical parameters in double-layer turbid media by backscattered polarization patterns

In this letter a Monte Carlo(MC) algorithm is used to simulate the propagation of polarized light in double-layer turbid media and the 2-dimentional backscattered Stokes vectors and Mueller matrices are obtained.Relationships between backscattered Mueller matrix and optical properties,such as scattering,absorption and layered structure,are discussed in detail.Integrating the 2-dimentional Mueller matrix elements along radial and azimuthal directions,we obtain a reverse trend with respect to the optical parameters for upper and lower layers,which suggests possibilities for discriminating subtle optical properties in a double-layer structure using backscattered polarization patterns such as Mueller matrix.     

衍射光学元件在卫星激光通信终端中的潜在应用

卫星激光通信技术是目前通信技术领域的研究热点,而光学子系统的优化设计是其重要研究方向。主要介绍了利用衍射光学元件实现卫星激光通信终端的小型化、集成化和高效化。文中首先简要介绍卫星激光通信系统的基本原理,随后介绍了衍射光学元件在卫星激光通信终端中的各种可能应用,包括光束整形和分光,光学滤波,防反射镀膜,像差和热差补偿等。给出了一个包含衍射光学元件的激光通信终端光学系统优化设计实例,相应的数值仿真结果表明:衍射光学元件与传统光学元件相比,具有明显优势。     

A non-local propagation filtering scheme for edge-preserving in variational optical flow computation

The median filtering heuristic is considered to be an indispensable tool for the currently popular variational optical flow computation. Its attractive advantages are that outliers reduction is attained while image edges and motion boundaries are preserved. However, it still may generate blurring at image edges and motion boundaries caused by large displacement, motion occlusion, complex texture, and illumination change. In this paper, we present a non-local propagation filtering scheme to deal with the above problem during the coarse-to-fine optical flow computation. First, we analyze the connection between the weighted median filtering and the blurring of image edge and motion boundary under the coarse-to-fine optical flow computing scheme. Second, to improve the quality of the initial flow field, we introduce a non-local propagation filter to reduce outliers while preserving context information of the flow field. Furthermore, we present an optimization combination of non-local propagation filtering and weighted median filtering for the flow field estimation under the coarse-to-fine scheme. Extensive experiments on public optical flow benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed scheme can effectively improve the accuracy and robustness of optical flow estimation.     

Optical computing and interconnects

This paper discusses the present status of optical computing and interconnects, including device technology, and recent progress in three types of optical computing-analog, digital, and neural-is introduced. Examples of technologies used in an analog computing system, a technique for the optimal design of coherent phase-only spatial filters, and a new version of incoherent filtering are presented. The use of the modified sign digit number representation and its applications to digital optical computing are also described. Some architectures for optical neural computing are introduced, and the importance of optical interconnect technology in parallel computing is stressed. Permutation techniques, the board-to-board level interconnection techniques, and switching techniques are reviewed. Recent developments in optoelectronic devices and passive optical elements are outlined and finally some technological issues in optical computing and interconnects for practical use are discussed     

分析组合型余弦光栅的衍射场

为了研究组合型余弦光栅的衍射场,采用波前相因子判断法并考虑到光栅孔径的影响,得到了组合型余弦光栅的衍射场所含基元成分,导出像面上的衍射场振幅分布公式,并数值模拟了像面上衍射场振幅分布和光强分布,最后得出各焦斑的半角宽度。结果表明,该研究可为余弦光栅用于滤波和光学信息处理技术提供一个理论基础。     

光学小波滤波理论初探

用小波理论重新分析了光学信息处理的基本理论。首先用小波理论重新分析惠更斯-菲涅耳原理,并据此提出波前滤波思想,初步奠定了小波光学的理论基础。在此理论基础上,根据波前滤波思想,对单缝、圆屏、光栅等衍射现象进行了分析;同时也分析了空域滤波、空频域滤波、光学成像系统。结果表明,用小波分析方法研究光学信息处理问题是完全可行的,且更符合实际情况     

分数域啁啾滤波及其在数字图像处理中的应用

讨论了分数域啁啾滤波的基本原理,同时将光学中的分数傅里叶变换引入到数字图像处理中,提出了一种分数域滤波去除影响数字图片质量之啁啾噪声的新方法,比较了分数域啁啾滤波和常规傅里叶频谱面上的滤波,获得了满意的模拟结果。     

Optical pattern recognition: architectures and techniques

This article addresses the development of and recent advances in the rapidly growing field of optical pattern recognition. In optical pattern recognition there are two basic approaches; namely, matched filtering and associative memories. The first employs optical correlator architectures and the latter uses optical neural networks (NNs). This paper reviews various types of optical correlators and NNs applied to real-time pattern recognition and autonomous tracking. Techniques of scale and rotational invariant filtering are also given. Recent approaches using wavelet transform filtering, phase only filtering, high capacity composite filters and phase representation for improvement in pattern discrimination are also provided     

Suppression of pulse shape distortion caused by frequency drift in a harmonic mode-locked semiconductor ring laser

We propose and demonstrate a novel method to generate an optical pulse train in a harmonic mode-locked semiconductor ring laser that is not prone to the frequency drifts of locking elements. This technique is based on wavelength conversion by cross-phase modulation in a semiconductor optical amplifier inside the ring laser and external filtering of the induced red-chirped frequency components. Though the pulsewidth increased from 45 to 65 ps at a repetition rate of 2.5 GHz due to the characteristics of the external optical filter, the frequency locking range was increased by a factor of 2.9 compared with that of a conventional harmonic mode-locked semiconductor ring laser. In addition, the pulse train over the frequency detuning range of -250 to +250 kHz did not show any distortion in pulse shape.     

基于发光二极管阵列的光学中值滤波的实现

提出一种铸影的非相干光学系统，由可编程的发光二极管阵列实时产生二值中值滤波函数。用电的方法完成取阈和求和运算来实现中值滤波。同时利用非线性阈值分解技术实现灰值中值滤波，该系统结构简单紧凑，取阈方便。     

太赫兹光场成像的实验与处理研究

太赫兹波的频率介于红外线与微波之间,其独特优势使得太赫兹三维成像已成为国内外的研究热点。为了将光场成像技术拓展到太赫兹波段,介绍了太赫兹光场成像的实验与处理方法。采用太赫兹相机阵列采集到了一系列特定视角的太赫兹光场数据。针对由成像系统的器件限制导致图像存在较强噪点等问题,通过离散余弦变换（Discrete Cosine Transform, DCT）滤波达到了较好的去噪效果并有效保留了图像的细节信息。利用峰值信噪比（Peak Signal-to-NoiseRatio, PSNR）和结构相似性（Structural SIMilarity, SSIM）图像质量评价指标对比了多种滤波去噪方法,证明了DCT滤波方法对于太赫兹图像预处理的可行性。通过选取不同深度值得到了不同景深处的图像重构结果,初步实现了太赫兹光场成像的数字重聚焦。