微织构光固化填充h-BN的巴氏合金表面摩擦学性能

为了提高巴氏合金在油润滑条件下的摩擦学性能,在巴氏合金表面加工凹坑微织构并利用光固化填充方法填充六方氮化硼(h-BN)固体润滑剂,制备出h-BN与表面微织构相结合的复合润滑结构。研究复合润滑结构在油润滑条件下的摩擦学性能及其减摩润滑机制。结果表明：复合润滑结构的摩擦学性能远高于未织构面和纯织构面;当凹坑微织构直径较小时,织构密度为10%～20%时,复合润滑结构摩擦因数较小,而凹坑直径较大时,随着织构密度的增加,复合润滑结构摩擦因数逐渐减小;当织构密度小于20%时,凹坑直径较小的复合润滑结构摩擦因数小,当织构密度达到30%时,随着凹坑直径的增加,复合润滑结构摩擦因数减小。复合润滑结构能够改善巴氏合金表面摩擦学性能,是因为h-BN固体润滑剂的释放在巴氏合金表面形成了固体润滑薄膜,避免了润滑油膜较薄处的巴氏合金表面直接与45钢表面接触,且释放h-BN固体润滑剂后的微织构凹坑可以起到收集磨粒,储存润滑油的作用。     

表面织构在脂润滑条件下的摩擦性能研究

采用声光调Q二极管泵浦Nd:YAG激光加工系统在H13钢表面加工出不同密度的织构,以润滑脂作为润滑剂,利用MMW-1A型微机控制万能摩擦磨损试验机考察表面织构在不同载荷、不同转速条件下的摩擦磨损特性。实验结果表明:在脂润滑条件下表面织构能有效改善摩擦副表面的摩擦性能;与光滑无织构试样相比,表面织构试样的摩擦因数显著降低;一定范围内,随着织构密度的增加,平均摩擦因数呈现出先减小后增大的趋势,且织构密度为10%时的平均摩擦因数最小,最小平均摩擦因数为0.18,较光滑无织构试样减小32.23%;摩擦因数随着试验载荷的增大而减小,但随着转速的增加呈现出先减小后增大的变化趋势。     

表面微织构影响点接触润滑摩擦性能的实验研究

针对球-盘高副点接触开展微织构表面摩擦学性能实验研究。采用激光工艺在试样表面上加工出具有一定形状、深度和面积比的矩形微织构,采用三维表面形貌仪测量微织构的形貌特征,在摩擦磨损实验机上进行摩擦学实验,研究往复运动模式下微织构深度、间距等参数对球-盘点接触润滑摩擦性能的影响。结果表明:较浅的微织构具有相对较小的摩擦因数;较高频率下微织构表现出较好的润滑和减摩效果;沿运动方向的微织构间距增大,摩擦因数逐渐降低,超过Hertz接触直径之后,摩擦因数变化不明显;垂直于运动方向微织构边长增大,摩擦因数呈现先减小后增大的变化趋势。     

凹坑织构对石墨材料水润滑性能的影响

为提高核主泵屏蔽电机用水润滑石墨轴承的摩擦润滑性能,采用高速雕铣机在石墨试样表面加工不同形状、深度和面积占有率的凹坑织构,通过水润滑条件下的销盘摩擦试验,测试分析凹坑织构结构参数对石墨材料水润滑性能的影响。结果表明：在水润滑条件下凹坑织构具有一定的减摩效果,随着转速的增加,凹坑织构的动压效应增强,石墨试样摩擦因数减小;随着载荷的增加,石墨试样摩擦因数减小;随着凹坑深径比、面积占有率的增加,石墨试样摩擦因数均呈现先减小后增大的变化趋势,当凹坑深径比为0.5、凹坑面积占有率为3%左右时,石墨试样摩擦因数最小;相较三角形凹坑织构,正方形凹坑和圆形凹坑织构的减摩效果更好。     

边界和混合润滑下仿鲨鱼皮织构的减摩性能

鲨鱼皮体表的盾鳞结构上呈现细小的肋条,形成了一种非光滑表面的沟槽,并具有明显的减阻效果。探究盾鳞结构的表面特征,将其应用到机械表面摩擦中达到减摩效果。根据肋条曲线拟来进行拟合,重新构建仿鲨鱼皮织构表面模型,并在45钢表面制备出织构化的试样;之后采用MM-P2摩擦磨损试验机,考察织构化对光滑表面摩擦性能的影响;研究结果明:200N载荷条件下,凸起型织构的45钢表面,相比未织构表面,仿鲨鱼皮织构面的摩擦系数在边界润滑和混合润滑下分别降低9.52%和11.06%。     

微光栅和微方柱织构对316L不锈钢减摩性能的影响

采用纳秒激光器在316 L不锈钢表面织构不同密度的光栅结构和方柱结构;采用UMT-2摩擦磨损试验机考察织构表面的摩擦特性;采用TOYOTA显微镜观察摩擦磨损前后织构的表面形貌;分析2种织构摩擦特性变化的机制.结果表明:光栅和方柱2种结构织构能起到降低和稳定摩擦阻力及稳定摩擦因数的作用;织构越密集,摩擦阻力越小.2种织构表面均能捕获硬质微粒、储存润滑油,在贫油的条件下能产生二次润滑效应;织构越密集,越有利于产生流体动压效应,从而提高承载能力.光栅结构减摩效果优于方柱结构.     

油水乳化液的边界润滑行为及机理分析

在滑动轴承的实际应用中,难以避免水对润滑油的侵入污染;因此对油水乳化液的润滑研究至关重要。为探索轴承启停过程中油水乳化液的摩擦学行为及规律,研究了不同水含量对于油水混合体系边界润滑性能及磨损状况的影响。发现在含水量低于99.75%的乳化液中轴承钢间的摩擦因数与纯油润滑时相近,但磨损状况较纯油差;综合摩擦因数与磨损量测试,认为含水量为30%的乳化液,其减摩抗磨效果接近纯油润滑的情况。通过黏度和润湿行为的观测,给出了油水乳化液对于润滑作用机制的原理分析。当乳化液进入润滑接触区时,由于液下超疏水性质,水相极易被挤出接触区,而油相则趋向于在试样表面润湿,从而形成润滑油膜,起到承载和润滑效果。     

双疏铝合金表面的水/油润滑摩擦学性能

利用激光加工在5083船用铝合金表面构建间距为100μm的点阵和网格微结构,将Si O2纳米粒子涂覆在微结构上构建微纳结构,制备出双疏铝合金表面。采用接触角测量仪测量其表面接触角和滚动角,采用多功能摩擦磨损试验机探讨其在水润滑和油润滑条件下的摩擦学性能。结果表明,网格表面的超疏水/疏油性能比点阵表面更强,水接触角达到159.9o,对十六烷的接触角达到147.0o。随表面疏水和疏油性能的提高,摩擦因数减小,磨痕深度变浅,宽度变窄。油润滑条件下的摩擦因数显著小于水润滑条件下的,且波动性更小,磨痕也更浅更窄。水润滑条件下,点阵表面的摩擦因数大于网格表面;而油润滑条件下,点阵表面的摩擦因数小于网格表面。     

振动载荷下的织构化表面弹流润滑分析

建立周期性振动载荷作用下的织构化表面的弹流润滑模型,研究织构化表面的弹流润滑性能随织构参数的影响规律。研究结果表明:在一个振动载荷周期的不同时刻,织构化摩擦副表面间油膜的弹流润滑作用相同、平均摩擦因数随织构直径、深度、密度等因素的影响规律基本相同;当受外部振动载荷时,织构直径、深度和密度等参数均存在一个较优值,使得弹流润滑作用下的织构化摩擦副表面的平均摩擦因数均存在一个最小值,使润滑摩擦效果最优。     

坡缕石载铜复合纳米润滑添加剂的制备及摩擦学性能研究

使用化学还原法制备坡缕石载铜复合纳米颗粒,以铸铁HT200作为摩擦副,采用MMU-10G摩擦磨损试验机研究该纳米颗粒作为润滑添加剂的摩擦学行为,使用EPMA-1600电子探针、金相显微镜、Genesis能谱仪进行试样磨损面形貌观察和组成元素分析。实验结果表明:该纳米复合颗粒作为润滑添加剂具有优异的减摩效果和良好的抗磨性能,与基础油150N相比,平均摩擦因数下降66.2%,对应的摩擦副试件磨损失重减少80.9%,在试件表面生成由纳米坡缕石和纳米铜共同组成的自修复膜。     

Impact of Plateaued Surfaces on Tribological Performance

Plateaued surfaces are surfaces that have been machined to simulate those that result from normal running in and are said to have advantages over conventional or non-plateaued surfaces. However, the evidence is lacking. This study evaluates the tribological performance of plateaued and non-plateaued surfaces on a pin-on-disk tribometer. The honing pattern of an engine cylinder bore was simulated on the disks. These disks have similar average surface heights with either plateaued or non-plateaued surface finish. Friction, wear and scuffing resistance of plateaued and non-plateaued disks were evaluated. Results from the pin-on-disk tribometer show that in the hydrodynamic lubrication regime plateaued and non-plateaued disks have the same friction, while in the mixed lubrication regime the plateaued surface has less friction. The author's findings also reveal that plateaued surfaces tend to have higher wear resistance but lower scuffing resistance. It also confirms the conventional wisdom that plateaued surfaces have shorter running-in wear period.     

钢背衬碳纤维织物/环氧复合材料干摩擦特性研究

研究了钢背衬碳纤维织物/环氧复合材料在环-环端面干摩擦状态下的摩擦学特性,考察了MoS2与石墨粉及其配比、衬层厚度、法向载荷对衬层干摩擦性能的影响,用扫描电子显微镜对衬层的磨损表面及对偶件45^#钢环表面进行了观察与分析。结果表明：厚度为1.5mm的试环衬层在摩擦过程中主要表现出粘结磨损特性,而含20%（质量分数）MoS2粉的0.6mm衬层表现出疲劳磨损与磨粒磨损特性。摩擦因数-时间特性曲线表明MoS2粉在降低衬层摩擦因数的同时能够抑制环氧树脂向对偶钢环表面的粘结;石墨对衬层的减摩效果优于MoS2粉,但摩擦温升引起树脂向偶件表面转移增多使得减摩效果大大降低;质量分数为33%的MoS2与石墨粉衬层表现出最佳的摩擦学性能,衬层摩擦因数具有随载荷先减小后上升的趋势。     

磨料粒度对表面微织构纯钛干摩擦性能的影响

为了提高钛及钛合金钻具在超深钻探、深海钻探和外太空钻探工程中的减摩抗磨性能。利用激光表面加工技术在工业纯钛（TA2）表面制备了不同参数的点阵微织构。采用MS-T3000摩擦磨损试验机测试了微织构钛合金在不同粒度模拟月壤作用下的摩擦学性能。利用扫描电子显微镜和能谱分析仪分析磨痕形貌及元素含量。研究结果表明：当磨料粒度小于微织构点阵的直径时,磨料压入微织构点阵里,磨料具有滚动和滑动两种运动方式。当粒度大于微织构点阵的直径时,磨料不能完全压入微织构点阵里,磨料对微织构TA2表面产生了滑动犁削作用。由于两种磨料磨损的作用机理不同,同等条件下,小粒度的磨料作用下的微织构TA2的摩擦因数和磨损率较大粒度磨粒作用下的最大减少量分别为50%和53%。考虑磨料粒度与微结构的匹配性,可以大大降低摩擦减少磨损。     

Ionic Liquid Lubrication Effects on Ceramics in a Water Environment

Ionic liquids were studied to determine their effectiveness as boundary lubricant additives for water. The chemical and tribochemical reactions that govern their behavior were probed to understand lubrication mechanisms. Under water lubricated conditions, silicon nitride ceramics are characterized by a running-in period of high friction, during which time the surface is modified causing a dramatic decrease in friction and wear. Two mechanisms have been proposed to explain the friction and wear behavior. Si₃N₄ sliding against itself may result in tribochemical reactions that form a hydrated silicon oxide layer on the surface of the sliding contact. This film has been suggested to mediate friction and wear. Others have suggested that tribo-dissolution of SiO₂ results in an ultra smooth surface and after a running-in period of high wear, the lubrication mode becomes hydrodynamic. The goal of this study was to examine the effects that ionic liquids have on the friction and wear properties of Si₃N₄, in particular their effects on the running-in period. Tribological properties were evaluated using pin-on-disk and reciprocating tribometers. The tribological conditions of the tests were selected to produce mixed/hydrodynamic lubrication. The relative lubrication mode between mixed and hydrodynamic was controlled by the initial surface roughness. Solutions containing 2 wt% ionic liquids were produced for testing purposes. Chemical analysis of the sliding surfaces was accomplished with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The test specimens were 1 in diameter Si₃N₄ disks sliding against 1/4 in Si₃N₄ balls. The addition of ionic liquids to water resulted in dramatically reduced running-in periods for silicon nitride from thousands to the hundreds of cycles. Proposed mechanisms include the formation of BF_x and PF_x films on the surface and creation of an electric double layer of ionic liquid.     

纳米SiO2对火焰喷涂尼龙1010涂层干摩擦磨损性能的影响

为了探讨纳米SiO2(n-SiO2)对火焰喷涂尼龙(PA)1010涂层干摩擦磨损性能的影响,采用MRH-3型环-块摩擦磨损试验机对不同n-SiO2含量的尼龙1010涂层的干摩擦磨损性能进行了测试;并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合涂层的磨损表面进行观察,以探讨n-S iO2对火焰喷涂尼龙1010涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响机制。结果表明:n-SiO2的加入能明显提高尼龙涂层的耐磨性,降低摩擦因数,疲劳磨损、粘附磨损及犁切现象明显减轻;当n-SiO2含量为1.5%(质量分数)时,复合涂层摩擦磨损性能最佳,试验条件下磨损量降低近4倍,摩擦因数降低23%,跑合期降低44%,复合涂层与GCr15钢环对磨时的磨损机制主要为疲劳磨损和轻微的粘附磨损。     

Influence of non-smooth surface on tribological properties of glass fiber-epoxy resin composite sliding against stainless steel under natural seawater lubrication

With the development of bionics, the bionic non-smooth surfaces are introduced to the field of tribology. Although non-smooth surface has been studied widely, the studies of non-smooth surface under the natural seawater lubrication are still very fewer, especially experimental research. The influences of smooth and non-smooth surface on the frictional properties of the glass fiber-epoxy resin composite(GF/EPR) coupled with stainless steel 316 L are investigated under natural seawater lubrication in this paper. The tested non-smooth surfaces include the surfaces with semi-spherical pits, the conical pits, the cone-cylinder combined pits, the cylindrical pits and through holes. The friction and wear tests are performed using a ring-on-disc test rig under 60 N load and 1000 r/min rotational speed. The tests results show that GF/EPR with bionic non-smooth surface has quite lower friction coefficient and better wear resistance than GF/EPR with smooth surface without pits. The average friction coefficient of GF/EPR with semi-spherical pits is 0.088, which shows the largest reduction is approximately 63.18% of GF/EPR with smooth surface. In addition, the wear debris on the worn surfaces of GF/EPR are observed by a confocal scanning laser microscope. It is shown that the primary wear mechanism is the abrasive wear. The research results provide some design parameters for non-smooth surface, and the experiment results can serve as a beneficial supplement to non-smooth surface study.     

四种牙科高分子修复材料摩擦学行为的对比研究

在往复滑动摩擦磨损试验台上以TA2纯钛为对摩材料,研究和比较了4种我国口腔临床常用牙科高分子修复材料在人工唾液介质中的摩擦磨损行为。结果表明在人工唾液介质中,3种成品树脂牙的摩擦因数、磨痕深度均较小,磨损表面主要呈现犁削效应;光固化树脂修补材料的摩擦因数大,耐磨性较差,磨损形貌以剥落为主,伴随犁削。     

稀土化合物改性复合材料在油润滑下的摩擦学性能

以竹纤维为增强相,通过稀土化合物改性制备一种树脂基复合材料;采用环块式摩擦磨损实验,研究稀土化合物改性复合材料在油润滑状态下载荷、转速对试样摩擦学性能的影响,以及稀土化合物改性对复合材料试样摩擦学性能的影响;比较干摩擦状态和油润滑状态下复合材料的摩擦学性能,观察和分析试样磨损表面形貌,探讨其磨损机制。实验结果表明:油润滑条件下,稀土化合物改性复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损率都随着载荷的增大而增加;较高载荷下摩擦因数随着转速的增大先增加后减小,而磨损率则呈现逐步增加的趋势;稀土化合物的改性使竹纤维和基体界面结合更为紧密,提高摩擦因数的同时降低了磨损率;在油润滑作用下,试样磨损由干摩擦时的磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损转变成为轻微的疲劳磨损;在油润滑状态下,复合材料处于边界润滑状态,故摩擦因数和磨损率均低于干摩擦。     

Friction and wear of self-mated SiC and Si3N4 sliding in water

The friction and wear of self-mated SiC and Si₃N₄ with different initial roughness sliding in water were investigated with pin-on-disk apparatus at normal load of 5 N and sliding speed of 120 mm/s in ambient condition. It was found that, for self-mated Si₃N₄, the wear mechanism for surface smoothening to obtain low friction was tribochemical wear, but for self-mated SiC, it changed from mechanical wear into tribochemical wear with increasing sliding cycles. After running-in in water, self-mated Si₃N₄ exhibited lower steady-state friction coefficient than self-mated SiC did. For these two ceramics, initial and steady-state friction coefficients were hardly dependent on initial roughness. Initial roughness mainly affected the running-in period. The larger the initial roughness, the longer the running-in period, but the running-in period was much shorter for self-mated Si₃N₄ at each initial roughness than that for self-mated SiC.