MgO含量对低硅烧结成矿性能的影响

利用实验室烧结杯实验,研究了MgO含量对低硅烧结的影响,控制烧结矿碱度为1.9,配碳量为4.5%,通过利用白云石调节烧结混合料中的MgO含量,并对烧结成矿进行冶金性能分析。试验结果表明:MgO含量由1.2%升高到1.6%时,烧结矿的强度得到改善,MgO含量由2.0%升高到2.8%时,烧结矿的强度逐渐变差;随着烧结矿MgO含量的升高,烧结矿的低温还原粉化性能和还原性能逐渐变差,荷重软化开始温度和终了温度升高,软化区间变宽。因此,在低硅烧结工艺中应尽量降低烧结混合料的MgO含量。     

MgO添加量和烧结温度对氧化铝陶瓷烧结性能的影响

采用氧化铝粉为原料、MgO为添加剂、两步烧结工艺制备氧化铝陶瓷,并分析添加剂的变化对氧化铝陶瓷致密度、力学性能和微观组织的影响规律。结果表明:当烧结温度T_1=1 450℃、保温时间t_1=10 min、烧结温度T_2=1 375℃、保温时间t_2=5 h,MgO添加量为0.5%时,晶粒细小,晶粒分布均匀,但致密度差;当MgO含量为0.25%时,平均粒径最小,晶粒分布较集中,致密度接近理论值;当MgO添加量达到0.01%时,相对密度和力学性能最好,但晶粒粗大,晶粒分布不均匀。因此当MgO含量为0.25%时,通过两步烧结工艺制备的氧化铝陶瓷性能最佳。     

机械合金化W-Ti粉末的烧结特性

用高能球磨法制备了W-Ti预合金粉末,研究了纳米晶W-Ti粉末的真空烧结致密化和显微组织演化现象以及热处理时组织形貌的变化,并与未球磨粉末的烧结试样进行了比较。结果表明,提高烧结温度有利于提高相对密度;1500℃,2 h为最佳烧结工艺。机械合金化导致粉末内晶粒纳米化,形成成分不均的固溶体W-Ti粉末,使真空烧结后的显微组织结构明显细化,相对密度显著提高;扩散退火后能够形成成分较均匀的W-Ti固溶体。     

纳米晶W-Cu复合粉末烧结行为

研究了机械合金化制备的纳米晶W-xCu(x=15,20,25)复合粉末的烧结行为.结果表明,纳米晶W-Cu复合粉末烧结致密化强烈地依赖于烧结温度与烧结时间.当烧结温度从1 150℃提高到1 200℃时,烧结30min后的烧结体相对密度由91%～94%增加到97%～98%;当烧结温度超过1 300℃时,烧结体发生快速致密化,5 min内相对密度即可达到98%左右.研究还发现,W-Cu合金中W晶粒尺寸也强烈地依赖于烧结温度,即烧结温度愈高,W晶粒长大愈显著.当压坯在1 200～1 250℃烧结30 min后,所得到的晶粒度约为300～500 nm,其中经1 200℃烧结时的晶粒尺寸约为300～350 nm.另外,Cu含量增加有利于烧结致密化,并降低W晶粒长大的趋势.     

机械合金化Mo-Cu粉末的烧结特性

采用高能球磨方法制备了超细Mo-Cu复合粉末,通过X射线衍射,金相显微镜,扫描电镜和透射电镜等方法研究分析了所制备Mo-Cu粉末的烧结致密化、显微组织及性能的变化,并与未球磨粉末的烧结试样进行了比较.结果表明:经机械合金化的Mo-Cu粉末处于非平衡储能状态,烧结活性较高,使致密化温度降低80～100℃;其成形压坯在1250℃下烧结1.5h后,性能较佳,相对密度达到97.9%,且烧结体Mo、Cu两相分布均匀,其硬度、电导率、热导率分别达到70.10HRB、23.17ms/m、179.33W/(m·K),与未球磨粉末烧结体性能相比,都有了显著提高;过高的烧结温度与过长烧结时间,会引起Mo晶粒的明显长大.     

粉末轧制Mg-Al-Zn合金的烧结

研究用粉末轧制方法制备的Mg-3%Al-1%Zn(质量分数)合金生带坯在氩气气氛下的烧结行为,用X射线衍射、差热分析以及金相方法等分析镁合金在烧结过程中的组织变化.结果表明:粉末轧制镁合金生带材可采用"预烧结-冷轧-再烧结"工艺进行烧结,即在氩气气氛下550℃预烧结120 min,然后进行大变形量的冷轧,最后在600℃下保温60 min实现烧结;通过再结晶、冷变形与烧结的耦合,获得的带材组织均匀,其相对密度达到97.5%.     

Sintering of a nano-crystalline tungsten heavy alloy powder

A nano-crystalline Tungsten heavy alloy powder was obtained by mechanical alloying of elemental powders in a jar mill with a high ball to powder ratio. The chemical composition of the primary powder was 93 W-4.9Ni-2.1Fe (wt%). The mechanically alloyed powder had 22 nm sized tungsten crystallites distributed in an amorphous nickel base phase. Mechanical alloying reduced particle size of powders and also yielded to more uniform particles size distribution. Sintering behavior and microstructural development of that powder were studied and compared with a conventionally mixed powder. Mechanically stored energy and better distribution of primary elements in Nano-crystalline powder had decreased motivation energy of sintering and that powders showed more densification at relatively lower sintering temperatures. Sintering at low temperatures can depress grain growth during sintering and provide desirable properties. A transient intermetallic phase was formed in the nano-crystalline powder during sintering that has not been seen in conventionally mixed powders.     

烧结工艺对纳米WC/MgO复合材料性能的影响

利用高能球磨法和放电等离子烧结技术制备了纳米WC/MgO复合材料,研究了烧结温度和烧结压力对WC-8wt%MgO复合材料密度、硬度和断裂韧性的影响.结果表明,烧结温度过低,试样的致密度差;烧结温度过高,晶粒快速长大,使得复合材料性能降低;烧结压力越大,复合材料的致密度越高,硬度和断裂韧性越好.最佳烧结工艺是烧结温度1650℃,烧结压力70 MPa,获得了该复合块体材料的最佳性能组合.     

Pressureless sintered high-strength mullite from commercial powder

High-strength monolithic mullite ceramics were prepared from commercial-grade power by carefully controlled processing of the powder followed by pressureless sintering at 1700 °C. Mullite powder was mechanically and chemically dispersed, ball milled, and screened prior to slip casting. Specimens were sintered to 97% of theoretical density under pressureless conditions. The furnace ramp and soak schedule was an important variable. Four-point flexural strengths of 250 MPa were achieved, exceeding literature values for pressureless sintering of Baikowski mullite powder.[a] Pore sizes were small and were not strength limiting. Griffith calculations suggest a critical flaw size of 20 μm, in good agreement with the maximum observed crystal size in the microstructure.     

Sintering of commercially pure titanium powder with a Nd:YAG laser source

To understand the process of pulsed selective laser sintering, two different energy coupling mechanisms have to be considered. In a first step, the energy is absorbed in a narrow layer of individual powder grains determined by the bulk properties of the material. This leads to a high temperature of the surface of the grains during the interaction. After thermalization of the energy, heat flows mainly towards the center of the grains until a local steady state of the temperature within the powder grain is obtained. Afterwards, the surrounding powder properties have to be considered for the further thermal development. According to these model assumptions, a numerical simulation of the heat flow equation has been performed and compared with experimentally obtained titanium plates, which allowed to obtain a process map.     

不同钛粉末的PIM烧结性能研究

针对复杂形状纯钛件的精密制备,采用粉末注射成形技术,设计了几种不同粉末组成,制备成催化脱脂型喂料,再经粉末注射成形,烧结成制品。系统研究了烧结工艺参数对钛烧结件致密度、碳氧含量、显微组织和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明: 综合性能较好的P3试样钛件经1250 _oC真空烧结2h后,致密度为95.7%,其C、O 含量分别为0. 14%和0. 46%,拉伸强度968MPa,抗弯强度为1141MPa,抗拉强度为720MPa,延伸率为4.5%,晶粒细小均匀,并呈现韧性断裂特征。     

Sintering of a quasi-crystalline powder using spark plasma sintering and hot-pressing

Sintering experiments on a granulated AlCuFeB quasi-crystalline powder were performed using hot-pressing (HP) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). By coupling the analysis of a sintering law (derived from creep rate equations) and comparative observations of almost fully dense sintered samples using mainly microprobe analysis and transmission electron microscopy, hypotheses about the densification mechanism(s) involved were expressed. Whatever sintering is performed by SPS or HP, it is proposed that two regimes exist, the difference between them lying in the fact that grain boundaries are/are not perfect sources/sinks of vacancies.     

LaF3-MgO助烧剂配比对Si3N4陶瓷烧结及性能的影响

采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)后高温热处理的方法,制备烧结助剂总量为8%(质量分数),LaF3/MgO配比不同的Si3N4陶瓷,研究助烧剂配比对Si3N4陶瓷烧结及热导率、抗弯强度等性能的影响。结果发现,添加LaF3后SPS初期烧结速率明显减小,烧结温度区间变宽,当LaF3/MgO配比超过4:4后烧结密度急剧下降。烧结后陶瓷中形成La-Si-O化合物。热导率随LaF3/MgO比增加先升后降;而抗弯强度初期随LaF3/MgO比变化不大,但当比值超过1后,陶瓷中出现异常长大晶粒,抗弯强度下降。控制LaF3/MgO配比为3:5可以获得热导率为80W/m·K,抗弯强度超过1000MPa的高热导率高强度Si3N4陶瓷。     

放电等离子烧结合成WC/MgO复合陶瓷断裂性能的研究

探讨了放电等离子烧结技术制备不同氧化镁含量的WC/MgO复合材料的断裂韧性,并研究了该复合材料的增韧机理。结果表明,当MgO含量为8wt%时,该复合材料的断裂韧性高于纯WC烧结体的断裂韧性,而且WC基体和MgO颗粒热膨胀系数的不匹配引起的裂纹偏转是WC/MgO复合材料增韧的主要原因。     

Sintering of WC-Co powder with nanocrystalline WC by spark plasma sintering

A 92WC-8Co powder mixture with 33 nm WC grains was prepared by strengthening ball milling and was then sintered by spark plasma sintering （SPS） at 1000-1200℃ for 5-18 rain under 10-25 kN, respectively. Movement of the position of low punch shown shrinkage of the sintered body began above 800℃. The shrinkage slowly rose as the temperature rose from 800 to 1000℃ and then quickly rose at above 1000℃ and then gradually rose at above 1150℃. The densities of the samples increased with an increase in sintering temperature, rapidly below 1100℃, and then gradually above 1100℃. WC grains grow gradually with increasing sintering temperature. The powder was sintered to near full density at 1100℃ for 5 rain under 10 kN. The best result of the sample with 275 nm WC grains and no pores was obtained at 1150℃ under 10 kN for 5 rain. The research found the graphite die had a function of carburization, which could compensate the sintered body for the lack of carbon, and had the normal microstructure.     

Sintering behavior of aluminum nitride powder prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis method

Fully dense aluminum nitride(AIN) ceramics were synthesized by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis(SHS) method using AIN powder as raw material with Y_2 O_3 additive. The sintering behavior was studied at different sintering temperatures and additive contents. The change of phase compositions, secondary phase distributions and grain morphologies during sintering process were investigated. It is shown that fully dense ceramics using AIN powder prepared by SHS method can be obtained when the sintering temperature is above 1830 ℃. Both Y_2 O_3 content and sintering temperature have an important influence on the formation of Y-Al-O phase and grain shape. When Y_2 O_3 content is identified, the grain morphology converts from polyhedron into sphere-like shape with the rise of sintering temperature. At a certain sintering temperature,the grain size decreases with the increase in Y_2 O_3 content. The influencing mechanisms of different YAl-O secondary phases and sintering temperatures on the grain size and morphology were also discussed based on the experimental results.     

纳米级90W-7Ni-3Fe复合粉末的烧结特性

以喷雾干燥-H2还原法制备的纳米级90W-7Ni-3Fe复合粉末为原料,采用模压成型并在800℃保温120min的条件下对试样进行预烧,研究了试样在不同烧结温度和不同烧结时间下的烧结特性,采用高倍SEM和光学金相分别对断口进行了形貌观察和钨晶粒测试;对烧结样的相对密度、抗拉强度、延伸率等性能进行了测定与分析.结果表明:保温时间为120 min时,随着烧结温度的提高,试样的性能有显著的变化,当烧结温度为1 390℃时,试样的抗拉强度和延伸率都达到一个极大值,分别为900 MPa和13%,此时试样的相对密度为99.0%;当烧结温度为1 390℃时,随着烧结时间的延长,试样的性能也有显著的变化,试样的抗拉强度、延伸率和相对密度都达到一个极大值;平均钨晶粒度为15～20 μm,钨晶粒呈球形或近球形;复合粉末烧结活性高,比传统烧结温度降低80～120℃;试样中出现了W30.73Ni40.21Fe29.06过渡相.     

电场作用下预设烧结温度对WC-Co体系烧结的影响

采用G1eeble热模拟机,在电场作用下制备了WC/Co系硬质合金,针对预设烧结温度对该体系烧结产物的影响进行了探讨,并对该体系烧结过程的温度场和合成产物进行了分析。结果表明,电场作用可降低体系的液相形成温度(750℃),这远低于传统烧结时液相的形成温度(1350℃)。由于电场烧结的时间短,有效地抑制了WC晶粒的聚集长大。在烧结过程中出现了Co3W3C和Co6W6C中间相。随着烧结温度的升高,烧结产物颗粒呈现长大的趋势,当烧结温度达到1000℃时,WC的平均颗粒尺寸约为1.5μm,但仍远小于传统烧结的颗粒尺寸。