搅拌摩擦焊三维粘塑性热力耦合有限元数值模拟

针对搅拌摩擦焊(friction stir welding,FSW)的特点,建立了基于固体力学的刚粘塑性热力耦合有限元方程,并采用网格局部加密自适应跟随技术对FSW过程进行数值模拟,获得了焊接过程的温度、应力、应变分布特征及金属流动规律,预测焊接过程中所产生的缺陷.结果表明,FSW过程中试件的温度分布不对称,应变沿板厚的方向分布不一致,焊缝区产生了剧烈的塑性变形,因此FSW是一个典型的三维剧烈的塑性变形过程,热塑性变形机制是焊接接头形成的主要机制.     

钢基表面热喷镍冷却过程中热力耦合场的三维有限元分析

以某钢基表面热喷镍工艺为例,对凝固冷却过程进行了简化和合理假设,基于ANSYS平台,建立了热力耦合场的三维有限元模型并进行了求解,获得了应力场和温度场分布规律,分析了涂层上某些关键点的温度和应力随时间变化的情况,讨论了涂层厚度对涂层/基体界面应力的影响.结果表明,凝固冷却时,涂层温度场沿中心向外边缘逐渐降低,随时间延长呈下降趋势;基体温度场随时间的变化呈先增加后降低趋势;涂层主要承受残余压应力,随涂层厚度增加,残余应力呈增大趋势.     

板带轧制过程的三维耦合有限元分析

对板带轧制过程进行严密的三维分析是研究轧制参数对轧后板带尺寸、板形和机械性能的影响 ,从而实施有效控制的基础。本文简要回顾了板带轧制过程三维数值模拟的研究进展 ,提出了一个分析板带轧制过程的耦合有限元模型 ,其中 ,轧件塑性变形采用刚塑性有限元法计算 ,辊系弹性变形采用弹性有限元法计算。计算实践表明 ,该模型具有良好的精度和较高的效率。     

Modelling of electrically enhanced friction stir welding process using finite element method

Abstract

Conventional friction stir welding (FSW) of high strength and high melting point materials, such as steel and titanium, has the disadvantages of a serious tool wear problem and slow welding speed. A new friction stir welding process for such materials called 'electrically enhanced friction stir welding process (EHFSW)' has been suggested and analysed using finite element modelling. The basic idea of EHFSW is that electric current passes from the welding tool into the workpiece through the contact area in the welding region. Thus it results in more localised heating while welding is in progress and is not simply a preheating process. The temperature distribution in the workpiece during the pin plunge stage and the welding stage of the EHFSW process has been determined. The results show that EHFSW can reduce the plunge force significantly with the help of localised electrical heating during the pin plunge stage, which may imply lower tool wear when compared with conventional FSW. At the same time, in the welding stage, the simulation results indicate that the welding speed of the EHFSW process can be at least two times faster than that of the conventional FSW process. Thus, finite element analysis shows that EHFSW is a promising process and could reduce tool wear while improving the welding speed, especially for high melting/O point materials.     

3D finite element simulation of deep drawing with damage development

The elasto-plastic constitutive equation accounting for isotropic hardening coupled with material damage has been implemented in the finite element code ABAQUS. A damage variable, which was defined in meso-scale, was used to reveal the effects of micro-defects within the material. With an explicit integration scheme, deep drawing of a mild steel square cup was simulated using the ABAQUS with a specially designed VUMAT subroutine. The three-dimensional brick element was adopted to build-up the finite element model, and the contact and friction between the blank and tool were taken into consideration. The forming process of deep drawing is a non-proportional loading one, so that the accumulated damage state variable depends on the strain path, or in other words, the loading history. The damage evolution and the wrinkle formation under the influences of Coulomb friction and the blank holding force were analyzed and discussed. Experiments have been conducted to investigate the effect of blank holding force on wrinkling, and determine the position of crack initiation. Experimental results are in good agreement with the predicted ones.     

A factorial analysis of input parameters using finite element techniques

A two-level factorial design was performed to evaluate the effect of three key input parameters in a finite element analysis of a forging process. A series of “computer experiments” were performed that simulated the forging of a subscale jet engine disk, and these results were then compared with an actual disk forging.     

An inverse analysis using a finite element model for identification of rheological parameters

In order to reduce the discrepency between experimental and numerical development, a parameter automatic identification procedure from rheological test is formulated as an inverse problem. The direct model which permits to simulate the large strain behaviour during the rheological test is a Finite Element Code. The inverse problem is formulated as finding a set of rheological parameters starting from a known constitutive equation. The goal is to compute the parameter vector which minimizes an objective function representing, in the least square sense, the difference between experimental and numerical data. The high nonlinearity of the problem to be solved, requires the use of an accurate evaluation of the sensitivity matrix by analytical differentiation of governing equations with respect to the parameters. Thus the optimisation algorithm is strongly coupled with the finite element simulation. This method, namely a Computer Aided Rheology (CAR) methodology is possible in principle for all tests able to be simulated. This paper concerns the thermoviscoplastic deformation during torsion and tension tests.     

基于有限元逆、正向法的双盒形件成形毛坯优化

优化成形毛坯有助于提高产品成形质量与成形极限,降低生产成本.本文中的双盒形件以双槽台盆为例,结合有限元逆向法、正向法进行其毛坯优化工作.经过有限元法优化后的毛坯比原用毛坯更节省材料,且在相同拉深条件的模拟与对比实验中,优化后毛坯的拉深极限高度和成形质量有一定的提高,体现有限元法在复杂盒形件毛坯优化工作的应用有效性及准确性.     

An approximate model for three-dimensional alternating current potential drop analyses using a commercial finite element code

Alternating current potential drop (ACPD) is an established technique for non-destructive testing and materials characterisation. Finite element (FE) simulation is a very useful tool for the optimisation of probes and the prediction of test results, but three-dimensional models of ACPD problems are computationally intensive. This paper presents a new, simple model in which frequency-related effects are taken into account by appropriately modifying the geometry of the modelled structure: a DC analysis can then be performed on a smaller domain, thus reducing the computational power required. The results of experimental tests for the validation of the model are also presented and discussed.     

板壳单元在焊接热弹塑性有限元计算中的应用

基于有限元软件Abaqus,采用板壳单元对薄板对接焊进行热弹塑性数值模拟. 建立具有截面积分特性的板壳单元二维有限元模型,采用高斯面热源与均匀体热源组合的混合移动热源,考虑材料随温度的变化特性,对薄板的接温度场与变形场进行了计算,并与相当网格尺寸的三维实体单元计算结果进行了对比. 结果表明,板壳单元与实体单元计算所得温度场与变形结果比较一致;采用非均匀板厚模拟加强高的板壳单元能够进一步改进焊接变形预测结果;在保证计算精度的条件下,板壳单元比实体单元具有更高的计算效率,计算结果为改进大型结构焊接变形预测方法提供了参考意义.     

3D finite element analysis of tool wear in machining

The paper is focused on the 3D numerical prediction of tool wear in metal cutting operations. In particular, an analytical model, able to take into account the diffusive wear mechanism, was implemented through a specific subroutine. Furthermore, an advanced approach to model heat transfer phenomena at the tool-chip interface was included in the numerical simulation. The adopted simulation strategy gave the possibility to properly evaluate the tool wear. The 3D FEM results were compared with some experimental data obtained turning AISI 1045 steel using uncoated WC tool; a good agreement was found out.     

A fully 3D finite element simulation of cold pilgering

Cold pilgering is a quite complex tube forming operation, highly non steady state, where the metal undergoes a long series of small incremental deformations resulting in both diameter and thickness reduction. A simplified model, based on the slab method, has been built and used in the last few years [1]. In the present paper, we apply our 3D finite element software Forge3 to analyse one forward stroke (the elementary part of the process) of a cold pilgering operation. The main purpose of the present study is to check the hypotheses and the results of the simplified model, which is used routinely. Strain curves compare well, which is important: the simplified model is based upon an estimation of incremental strain components. Comparison of force-displacement curves show some discrepancies partly due to too coarse a discretisation. Torque, which could never be obtained in our previous studies, either experimentally of by the simplified model, is computed here. Stress maps at various locations are presented. For some of theses data, the effect of varying the difference of friction between the tube/mandrel and tube/die interfaces is described.     

板料冲压成形过程有限元分析中的接触搜索法的优化

本文主要是对板料冲压成形过程有限元分析中的接触搜索法进行优化处理 ,利用预接触特征空间的下限点和板料结点坐标值的大小 ,对其进行排序 ,以便能更快的找出与模具表面相接触的板料结点。井根据已接触板料结点的运动方向 ,判断下一步可能和模具单元接触的可能性。从而提高了接触搜索的效率 ,减少了计算时间     

材料微结构三维建模及其晶体塑性有限元模拟

采用Voronoi图,生成具有随机晶粒形状的三维多晶集合体模型,并赋予每个晶粒相应的取向。基于率相关晶体塑性理论,开发了用户材料子程序,并将其嵌入有限元软件中模拟面心立方多晶集合体在单轴单向拉伸过程中的应力-应变响应,分析了网格细化及晶粒取向对模拟结果的影响。研究表明,随网格细化应力值有所降低,但变化不大,为保证结果的可靠度,平均每个晶粒离散的单元数目在5个以上;随多晶集合体中晶粒数目的增加,由于取向的随机性产生的应力-应变的差异逐渐减小,模拟时多晶集合体中晶粒的数目大于50个;模型较好的反映了材料的真应力随应变速率增加而增大的规律,且模拟结果和实验结果吻合良好,说明该模型具有较高的可靠性。     

铝合金锻件成形工艺及三维有限元分析

为了揭示叶轮件模锻成形过程中金属的变形流动规律,采用有限元模拟对不同形状坯料成形过程的塑性变形流动行为进行对比分析.结果表明:叶片处是较难以充填成形的部位,且随着截面位置的下移,金属向该处型腔充填流动的趋势更为显著;与圆柱形坯料相比,阶梯形坯料成形过程中叶片部位更易于被充填成形,金属流动的均匀性也较好;通过工艺实验验证了利用阶梯形坯料可一次性成形出尺寸精度和性能均符合设计要求的叶轮锻件.     

筒形件反旋的三维刚塑性有限元分析

采用三维刚塑性有限元对筒形件反旋进行了分析。建立了筒形件反旋的三维分析模型，获得了旋轮作用区域和其周转区域的应变速率和应力的分布，较好地解释了工艺的变形规律，计算得到了旋轮前锥角对旋压三分力的影响关系以及使总旋压力最小的旋轮前锥角。有限元分析获得的变形区的分布与试验结果相符。     

一种基于AutoCAD的三维有限元模拟可视化方法

介绍一种基于ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ的三维有限元模拟可视化方法。在ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ平台上, 开发接口程序, 生成图形交换文件（ＤＸＦ）,能够准确而高效地实现三维实体网格和三维曲面网格的可视化。该方法只需对ＤＸＦ文件生成的图形, 用ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ中ＨＩＤＥ命令进行消隐, 不再需要编制复杂的消隐程序。此外,还可用该方法实现三维有限元模拟的速度场以及应力和应变等场变量等值线图的可视化。该方法把有限元数值模拟与ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ紧密衔接起来,为实现三维有限元模拟的可视化提供了一条简便而高效的途径     

2017铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头焊接参数和硬化参数的关系(英文)

对2017铝合金进行搅拌摩擦焊接,表述Swift硬化规律。采用面心复合设计方法进行焊接接头的拉伸实验设计。采用基于最小二乘法和响应面法的2种模型评估搅拌摩擦焊各焊接因素对硬化参数的影响。采用到有限元程序Abaqus来模拟焊接接头拉伸测试结果。相对平均偏差判据结果表明,实验结果和模拟结果吻合较好。这些结果能用于实验多目标优化,实行具体焊接或完成搅拌摩擦焊接零件成形过程中塑性变形的数值模拟,如液压成形、弯曲度和锻造。     

Process parameters optimization for friction stir welding of RDE-40 aluminium alloy using Taguchi technique

Taguchi approach was applied to determine the most influential control factors which will yield better tensile strength of the joints of friction stir welded RDE-40 aluminium alloy. In order to evaluate the effect of process parameters such as tool rotational speed, traverse speed and axial force on tensile strength of friction stir welded RDE-40 aluminium alloy, Taguchi parametric design and optimization approach was used. Through the Taguchi parametric design approach, the optimum levels of process parameters were determined. The results indicate that the rotational speed, welding speed and axial force are the significant parameters in deciding the tensile strength of the joint. The predicted optimal value of tensile strength of friction stir welded RDE-40 aluminium alloy is 303 MPa. The results were confirmed by further experiments.     

薄板搅拌摩擦焊焊缝区应力集中的有限元分析

为研究经过搅拌摩擦焊处理的薄板在飞机上受拉应力时焊缝区的应力集中状况,建立飞机大型铝合金薄板搅拌摩擦焊焊缝区平齐、上凸、下凹三种典型几何形状的有限元模型。在有限元前处理中使模型右端面受拉,左端面设置对称约束条件以消除应力集中影响,使得模拟得到最大精度的数值结果。结果表明,在焊缝区假设为各向同性前提下,其形状决定应力集中程度。当焊缝区为平齐时,没有出现应力集中;当焊缝为上凸或下凹时,拉应力引起的偏心弯矩将影响焊缝区应力水平分布,特别是模型下凹时应力集中明显,且使薄板受力端产生显著挠度。