带时间约束的UML序列图的分析工具

统一建模语言(UML)是一种多用途的可视化建模语言,它可用于软件系统的规约、可视化的构造和建档.UML序列图描述了交互对象间的协作,如在实时和分布式系统中通讯实体间的信息交互.与其它的规约和设计过程类似,UML序列图的规约也易出错,所以对它进行分析是很有必要的.文章描述了一个对带时间约束的UML序列图进行分析的工具.     

基于UML的CORBA/Java分布式应用系统的领域模型设计

探讨了一种借助UML构建的基于CORBA/Java的分布式应用系统建模方法以及相关技术.研究设计了分布式应用系统的软件模型,使用UML建模方法完成了系统分析、设计和建立领域模型的全过程.通过一个具体实例给予详细说明,实例表明,利用UML对复杂的软件系统建模,有助于实现软件的重组和复用,为快速、高效地构建系统提供了一种可行的解决方案.     

UML与SDL结合使用的研究

在本文中我们探索如何将统一建模语言(UML)与由国际电信联盟(ITU)标准化了的规格与描述语言(SDL)结合在一起使用．在研究中，我们发现SDL用户可以从UML中获得益处，同样UML用户也可以利用SDL的优点．特别是对于实时系统的开发，我们应当用UML进行系统的需求分析，使用SDL进行系统设计．     

Supporting communication and cooperation in distributed representation for adaptive design

Different types of graphs has been successfully used to represent designs at different stages of the design process. Changes to a model representing a design during the process can be modelled by applying graph transformations. In many real life design tasks the changes/updates can be carried out simultaneously on different parts of the design. Hence a model based on graph transformations is coupled with a multiagent paradigm to enable the parallelisation of these transformations to mimic the real life approach. In this paper a hypergraph representation and transformation model is used as a basis for building a multiagent system supporting distribution and adaptation in computer aided design. This representation can be applicable throughout the lifecycle of the design. It is based on research in formal language theory, like graph grammars, and distributed models including multiagent systems. The motivation for the work presented here is given and possible applications are described. The application of the theoretical results in a graph distribution toolkit proposed as a multiagent framework is also considered. To assure the efficiency of the system it should be implemented as a parallel multiagent system. The hypergraph distribution and partial replication, allowing for its parts to be managed by agents, is also presented. The approach is illustrated by a case study from the domain of building design, where it is used to represent, modify and maintain building information.     

Model-Driven Interactive System Design for Therapy Robots

Physiotherapy using intelligent robots is emerging as a new approach to recovery for many stroke patients. Although therapy robots have a strong potential in dealing with therapeutic and other medical applications, they have not been fully utilized in everyday therapy activities due to concerns over safety and the lack of friendly robot user/patient interaction models. From the viewpoint of software engineering, a user-centred design based on UML (Unified Modelling Language) has been known to be one of the best solutions to satisfy usability since the design process relies heavily on the analysis of users and their tasks to reach their goals. Therefore, a model-driven approach to interactive system design via UML for therapy robots is needed to make them usable in the real world. This paper proposes such approach and introduces a new graphical notation that describes user interface elements and the methods of connection with hardware/software objects. With the proposed abstract interaction models, prototyping interactive systems can be made faster and allows for their evaluation by users and system developers before implementation in order to improve usability from the perspectives of users and system developers.     

Synthesizing Distributed Protocol Specifications from a UML State Machine Modeled Service Specification

The object-oriented paradigm is widely applied in designing and implementing communication systems.Unified Modeling Language(UML) is a standard language used to model the design of object-oriented systems.A protocol state machine is a UML adopted diagram that is widely used in designing communication protocols.It has two key attractive advantages over traditional finite state machines:modeling concurrency and modeling nested hierarchical states.In a distributed communication system,each entity of the system has its own protocol that defines when and how the entity exchanges messages with other communicating entities in the system.The order of the exchanged messages must conform to the overall service specifications of the system.In object-oriented systems,both the service and the protocol specifications are modeled in UML protocol state machines.Protocol specification synthesis methods have to be applied to automatically derive the protocol specification from the service specification.Otherwise,a time-consuming process of design,analysis,and error detection and correction has to be applied iteratively until the design of the protocol becomes error-free and consistent with the service specification.Several synthesis methods are proposed in the literature for models other than UML protocol state machines,and therefore,because of the unique features of the protocol state machines,these methods are inapplicable to services modeled in UML protocol state machines.In this paper,we propose a synthesis method that automatically synthesizes the protocol specification of distributed protocol entities from the service specification,given that both types of specifications are modeled in UML protocol state machines.Our method is based on the latest UML version(UML2.3),and it is proven to synthesize protocol specifications that are syntactically and semantically correct.As an example application,the synthesis method is used to derive the protocol specification of the H.323 standard used in Internet calls.     

Integrating UML and UPPAAL for designing, specifying and verifying component-based real-time systems

A new tool for integrating formal methods, particularly model checking, in the development process of component-based real-time systems specified in UML is proposed. The described tool, TANGRAM (Tool for Analysis of Diagrams), performs automatic translation from UML diagrams into timed automata, which can be verified by the UPPAAL model checker. We focus on the CORBA Component Model. We demonstrate the overall process of our approach, from system design to verification, using a simple but real application, used in train control systems. Also, a more complex case study regarding train control systems is described.     

从UML顺序图生成状态图的一个方法

UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a visual modeling language used for specifying,visualizing,constructing,and documenting the artifacts of software systems by various diagrams.It has been widely accepted as a standard modeling language in both academic and industrial areas.UML sequence diagrams are mostly used in specifying system requirements.By representing interactions,which are arranged in time sequence,between the objects in a system,sequence diagrams can construct scenarios indicating the system‘‘s functions.A UML statechart diagram is a graph shows the sequences of states that an object or an interaction goes through during its life in response to received stimuli,together with its responses and actions.It‘‘s useful in the design stage of system development.This essay discusses the computer-aided transformation from sequence diagrams to statechart diagrams,which can offer strong support for the transfering from requirement analysis to system design in the software development process.With OCL (Object Control Language) semantic constrain,a transform algorithm is provided in the paper.And the differences with the related works are also mentioned.     

A UML package for specifying real-time objects

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) provides a robust set of tools for modeling software systems. However, these tools do not directly address the requirements of real-time systems. Many real-time systems require the specification of data that has strict timing constraints. This paper presents a UML package for specifying real-time objects called RT-Object. The constructs in the package are based on the objects of the Real-Time Semantic Objects Relationships And Constraints (RTSORAC) model. The RT-Object package has been used to design real-time objects in a Real-Time Multi-User Virtual Environment (RTMUVE), in which widely distributed users collaborate in time-critical planning and decision making.     

On identifying and evaluating object architectures for real-time applications

This paper presents a methodology and tool support for the development of distributed real-time object-oriented systems, focusing on industrial automation applications. At system level, two different kinds of classes/objects are recognized: (i) application domain objects, which map directly to concepts and components of the problem domain, and (ii) design objects that are related to the functional requirements that the system have to meet. The approach provides a method for automatic identification of possible design objects architectures. A set of quality and testability metrics is proposed to evaluate the generated architectures, allowing the identification of the ‘best-fitted’ one.     

Domain model-driven software engineering: A method for discovery of dependency links

ContextDependency management often suffers from labor intensity and complexity in creating and maintaining the dependency relations in practice. This is even more critical in a distributed development, in which developers are geographically distributed and a wide variety of tools is used. In those settings, different interpretations of software requirements or usage of different terminologies make it challenging to predict the change impact.Objectiveis (a) to describe a method facilitating change management in geographically distributed software engineering by effective discovery and establishment of dependency links using domain models; (b) to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method.MethodA domain model, providing a common reference point, is used to manage development objects and to automatically support dependency discovery. We propose to associate (annotate) development objects with the concepts from the model. These associations are used to compute dependency among development objects, and are stepwise refined to direct dependency links (i.e. enabling product traceability). To evaluate the method, we conducted a laboratory-based randomized experiment on two real cases. Six participants were using an implemented prototype and two comparable tools to perform simulated tasks.ResultsIn the paper we elaborate on the proposed method discussing its functional steps. Results from the experiment show that the method can be effectively used to assist in discovery of dependency links. Users have discovered on average fourteen percent more dependency links than by using the comparable tools.ConclusionsThe proposed method advocates the use of domain models throughout the whole development life-cycle and is apt to facilitate multi-site software engineering. The experimental study and results suggest that the method is effective in the discovery of dependencies among development objects.     

基于UML的彩色建模技术的研究与应用

建模技术是进行业务系统设计的关键技术。彩色建模技术是在UML建模的基础上,运用色彩进行的可视化建模技术。文中对彩色建模技术进行了介绍和研究,并针对专家在线咨询系统的设计过程,运用彩色建模技术进行了建模的研究工作。介绍了彩色建模的4种常用的模型原型及相应的色彩着色方案,给出了在实践中运用彩色建模技术的实现策略。对于在实践中运用彩色建模技术进行业务系统建模工作具有指导意义。     

On challenges of model transformation from UML to Alloy

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is the de facto language used in the industry for software specifications. Once an application has been specified, Model Driven Architecture (MDA) techniques can be applied to generate code from such specifications. Since implementing a system based on a faulty design requires additional cost and effort, it is important to analyse the UML models at earlier stages of the software development lifecycle. This paper focuses on utilizing MDA techniques to deal with the analysis of UML models and identify design faults within a specification. Specifically, we show how UML models can be automatically transformed into Alloy which, in turn, can be automatically analysed by the Alloy Analyzer. The proposed approach relies on MDA techniques to transform UML models to Alloy. This paper reports on the challenges of the model transformation from UML class diagrams and OCL to Alloy. Those issues are caused by fundamental differences in the design philosophy of UML and Alloy. To facilitate better the representation of Alloy concepts in the UML, the paper draws on the lessons learnt and presents a UML profile for Alloy.     

Distributed Augmented Reality for Collaborative Design Applications

This paper presents a system for constructing collaborative design applications based on distributed augmented reality. Augmented reality interfaces are a natural method for presenting computer-based design by merging graphics with a view of the real world. Distribution enables users at remote sites to collaborate on design tasks. The users interactively control their local view, try out design options, and communicate design proposals. They share virtual graphical objects that substitute for real objects which are not yet physically created or are not yet placed into the real design environment. We describe the underlying augmented reality system and in particular how it has been extended in order to support multi-user collaboration. The construction of distributed augmented reality applications is made easier by a separation of interface, interaction and distribution issues. An interior design application is used as an example to demonstrate the advantages of our approach.     

Programmable‐logical‐controllers Synthesis for Automated‐guided‐vehicle Systems Using Ordinary Petri Nets

An ordinary Petri‐net (PN) based approach is proposed to design the programmable logical controller (PLC) for preventing collisions between vehicles in an automated guided vehicles (AGV) system. First, method is proposed to model an AGV system as an ordinary PN, called the plant PN. Second, for collision prevention in an AGV system, module control methods are proposed to design the PN supervisor (the closed‐loop PN) by augmenting the plant PN. In detail, three modules are defined the line, divide, and merge modules, in the plant PN, and the control module methods are presented for each of these three modules. As a result, the closed‐loop PN of an AGV system is obtained and can be analyzed using the PN theory. Finally, method is proposed to translate a closed‐loop PN into a ladder diagram. Consequently, the PN supervisor is implemented by a PLC using these proposed methods. A laboratory AGV system is used to illustrate this approach.     

基于UML集成CORBA和XML开发分布式应用

CORBA与XML各有优势，通过它们的结合，可以克服传统分布式系统的不足。提出了基于UML的面向对象建模技术集成CORBA和XML来开发分布式应用的方法，通过三者无缝地结合在一起来完成对分布式应用的分析、设计及实现。     

Rapid design and reconfiguration of Petri net models for reconfigurable manufacturing cells with improved net rewriting systems and activity diagrams

To respond rapidly to the highly volatile market, the emerging reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS) have brought forward two challenging issues, namely, how to build rapid a formal model of an initial manufacturing configuration and how to yield the goal model from the existing one along with manufacturing configuration changes (reconfiguration). As for the issues, we present in this paper a method for rapid design of Petri net (PN) formalized models of RMS, intended for supervisory control and logic control of RMS, as well as a method for automated reconfiguration of the models. Firstly, we present an improved net rewriting system (INRS) for dynamically operating net transformation, unlike its predecessor-net rewriting system, where the initial behavioral properties of the underlying PN rewritten can be preserved during the transformation. Subsequently, the paper proposes the three-phase method for rapid design of initial full PN models of reconfigurable manufacturing cells (RMCs). In this method, activity diagrams of Unified Modeling Languages version 2 (UML 2) are used to describe manufacturing configurations, firstly; then the sub-activity diagrams are transformed into PN sub-models; finally, the PN sub-models are automated synthesized into a full model by the approach of INRS. Further, we present a model reconfiguration method for this class of PN models. The method compares changes in activity diagrams of the existing and goal manufacturing configurations and converts them into net rewriting rules of INRS. By applying the rules obtained, the existing PN model can reconfigure into a new one for the goal manufacturing configuration. No matter the design method or the reconfiguration method, the behavioral properties of the obtained PN models, e.g., liveness, boundedness, or reversibility, can be guaranteed and thereby the efforts of verification can be avoided. Finally, rapid design of a PN model of a reconfigurable manufacturing cell, as well as its automated reconfiguration, is illustrated with the help of an example. The result indicates the validity of the methods.     

A framework for an integrated unified modeling language

The unified modeling language (UML) is one of the most commonly used modeling languages in the software industry. It simplifies the complex process of design by providing a set of graphical notations, which helps express the objectoriented analysis and design of software projects. Although UML is applicable to different types of systems, domains, methods, and processes, it cannot express certain problem domain needs. Therefore, many extensions to UML have been proposed. In this paper, we propose a framework for integrating the UML extensions and then use the framework to propose an integrated unified modeling language-graphical (iUML-g) form. iUML-g integrates the existing UML extensions into one integrated form. This includes an integrated diagram for UML class, sequence, and use case diagrams. The proposed approach is evaluated using a case study. The proposed iUML-g is capable of modeling systems that use different domains.     

使用UML对μC/OS-II建模与分析

使用统一建模语言（UML）对嵌入式实时操作系统C/OS-II做静态建模和动态建模,进而利用UML的可视化模型来描述和分析C/OS-II的系统结构和工作机理。通过UML静态建模,为基于C/OS-II的嵌入式系统设计,提供了一个运用面向对象技术的框架;通过UML动态建模,详细分析了嵌入式实时操作系统（ERTOS）的关键方面,包括实时内核的调度机理、优先级反转问题及其解决办法等。