新型组合槽端面干气密封特性研究

为了进一步提升干气密封端面流体膜动压效应,提出一种新型组合槽端面干气密封,该组合槽由两个相邻的螺旋槽周向部分重叠组合而成,包括一个长螺旋槽,一个短螺旋槽,两槽的槽深及径向长度不同。建立该组合槽与传统槽端面密封的数学模型,并运用有限差分法对其密封性能进行数值分析。结果表明:新型组合槽在端面间隙约小于1.5μm区域,流体膜开启力大于传统槽,且间隙越小,两者差值越大;泄漏量亦大于传统槽,但其值远小于泄漏量的设计值;在端面间隙约小于3.5μm区域,新型组合槽流体膜刚度显著大于传统槽,且间隙越小,两者差值越大。鉴于组合槽在泄漏量不超标的情况下,在间隙较小时端面流体膜具有更大的刚度、开启力及刚漏比,其综合性能显著优于传统槽型密封。     

双列斜直线槽液体密封上游泵送效应的研究

以双列斜直线槽液体密封端面间的液膜为研究对象,建立了求解端面液膜特性的控制方程,应用CFD软件对密封端面间的流场进行了数值模拟,计算了在不同槽深时的端面开启力和泄漏量。结果表明:双列斜直线槽液体密封可产生动压效应和上游泵送效应,通过合理设计,可使泄漏量为零或使流体向上游泄漏。     

两种动压机械密封性能的对比研究

对径向直线槽和斜直线槽液体动压机械密封进行了对比分析,研究了槽深、槽数和转速对密封性能的影响。结果表明,在相同条件下,斜直线槽密封的端面最大压力、端面开启力和液膜刚度均大于径向直线槽,且具有零泄漏特点,综合性能优良。     

斜直线槽液膜润滑端面密封流体动压特性

为进一步探索斜直线槽液膜密封性能变化规律,基于质量守恒空化边界及定义液膜密度比,建立斜直线槽液膜密封流体动压润滑模型,采用有限差分法离散控制方程并求解,对比分析液膜空化理论值与实验值,验证计算准确性,研究操作工况、物性参数和膜厚槽深比对斜直线槽液膜密封流体动压特性影响。结果表明：相比较小倾斜角,较大倾斜角的斜线槽密封有效提升液膜承载能力、增大泄漏量并降低液膜空化率;不同倾斜角时,提高转速或增大压差,均可提升液膜承载能力、增大泄漏量,但两者反向影响液膜空化率;增大介质黏度或减小膜厚槽深比,虽均可提升承载能力、促生液膜空化并降低泄漏量,但其影响规律不尽相同。     

型槽参数对斜直线槽液膜密封性能的影响

为进一步探索斜直线型槽对密封性能的影响机制,基于质量守恒边界并定义液膜密度比,建立斜直线槽液膜密封动压润滑模型;采用有限差分离散方程,对比分析液膜空化理论与实验值,验证计算模型与程序准确性;研究斜直线型槽参数包括槽数、槽深、径向和周向槽宽比对密封性能的影响。结果表明：不同倾斜角时,在临界范围内,增加槽数或增大槽深均有助于提升液膜承载力、增大泄漏量并有效降低液膜空化,尤其在较大倾斜角下;在一定范围内,虽均增大径向和周向槽宽比可提升液膜承载力、促进液膜空化发生及增大泄漏量,但影响规律不尽相同。以提升液膜承载力为目标,得出的最优型槽参数为槽数42、槽深25μm、径向和周向槽宽比分别为0.7和0.6。     

新型动静压混合润滑机械密封结构参数优化

以流体膜为研究对象,建立了新型动静压混合润滑密封端面的三维模型,并利用流体力学软件FLUENT对端面流场进行数值模拟,得出主要结构参数(动压槽深度、静压槽深度、动压槽宽比、静压槽宽比)对端面开启力、两侧泄漏量等密封性能的影响规律。通过分析得出各结构参数的大致范围,从而对新型动静压混合润滑机械密封结构进行了优化。     

基于Fluent的上游泵送机械密封性能正交试验研究

提出一种斜线槽上游泵送机械密封,运用正交试验法设计上游泵送机械密封试验方案,基于Fluent软件进行数值模拟试验,分析各个试验参数对密封端面开启力和泄漏量的影响。结果表明:在试验参数的取值范围内,对开启力有显著影响的因素是槽数、径向夹角、槽深、液膜厚度、转速和压差,具体表现为开启力随着径向夹角、槽深、液膜厚度、转速和进出口压差的增大呈上升趋势,随着槽数的增多呈下降趋势;对泄漏量有显著影响的因素是槽深、槽宽比、液膜厚度、转速和压差,具体表现为泄漏量槽宽比、液膜厚度、转速和进出口压差的增大呈上升趋势,随着槽数的增多而呈下降趋势。依据正交试验分析结果,提出初步优化的密封端面结构参数。     

斜线槽液体润滑非接触式机械密封性能研究

根据液体润滑理论建立了斜线槽液体润滑非接触式机械密封数值分析模型,定义了斜线槽的主要几何结构参数,采用有限元方法求解雷诺方程,获得了端面液膜压力分布,分析了斜线槽端面几何参数对端面开启力、泄漏量、液膜刚度等对密封性能参数的影响规律。结果表明,斜线槽槽根半径不能取值过大或过小,大约为58mm时能取得最优的密封性能;斜线槽液体润滑非接触式机械密封倾斜角α1不应该大于倾斜角α2,否则密封性能会很大程度上削弱。     

低压螺旋槽上游泵送气体端面密封零泄漏特性

采用有限差分方法,基于对螺旋槽端面气膜压力分布、流速分布和泄漏率变化的数值计算分析,探讨低压上游泵送螺旋槽气体端面密封实现被密封介质零泄漏的作用机制和变化规律。结果表明,螺旋槽上游泵送作用可在高压侧形成周向封闭的高于密封压力的高压流体环带,阻止被密封介质进入密封间隙,实现被密封高压介质的零泄漏,形成密封介质的完全的反向泄漏;泄漏率随转速、槽数和膜厚的增加先减小后增大,随槽深、螺旋角和槽台宽比的增加先增大后减小,随槽根半径增加而减小;当转速、膜厚和槽数达到一定值时,泄漏方向会发生改变;开启力随转速和槽数增加而增大,随着膜厚的增大而减小,随槽深、螺旋角、槽台宽比和槽根半径的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势。     

双列斜直线槽液体动压密封液膜特性的数值模拟

介绍了一种新型的双列斜直线槽机械密封,应用FLUENT软件对密封的液膜特性进行数值模拟,计算了在不同的结构参数和工况参数下密封端面间流场的压力分布、泄漏量、端面开启力和液膜刚度等特性.结果表明,双列斜直线槽机械密封可产生明显的动压效应和上游泵送效应,实现零泄漏.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.