热变形对共晶铝硅合金铸件组织和性能的影响

对共晶铝硅合金铸造试样实施热塑性变形,考察了变形工艺对其组织和性能的影响规律。研究表明,热变形可以球化共晶硅颗粒,焊合缩孔、缩松,从而使合金铸态下的抗拉强度由205MPa提高到260MPa,伸长率由3·2%提高到10%;合金热处理后的抗拉强度由292MPa提高到397·4MPa,伸长率由0·5%提高到6·5%;分别提高36·1%和1200%     

用灰色关联分析方法研究A319铸造铝合金疲劳寿命的影响因素

应用灰色关联分析方法考察了孔洞大小、硅颗粒大小、二次枝晶臂间距(SDAS)以及硬度等对A319铸造铝合金疲劳寿命的影响程度.分析A319铸造铝合金的疲劳寿命的主、次要影响因素.研究表明:对变质处理的铸造铝合金的影响程度从大到小依次为硬度、硅颗粒的大小、SDAS和孔洞大小.未变质处理的铸造铝合金的影响程度从大到小依次则为...     

回火温度对工程机械用超高强钢组织及回火脆性的影响

通过SEM、TEM、-20 ℃夏比V型冲击试验等分析手段研究了回火温度对工程机械用超高强钢微观组织及回火脆性的影响,并结合断口特征及微观组织分析裂纹扩展路径。结果表明,试验钢在200~500 ℃回火时,随着回火温度的升高,马氏体分解后形成的碳化物的析出位置从马氏体板条内逐步过渡到原始奥氏体晶界和马氏体板条界,其形状由针状变为粒状,并不断粗化。回火温度为200 ℃和500 ℃时,冲击试样断口的不稳定断裂区为韧性断裂。300 ℃回火时,出现了回火脆性,其冲击试样断口的不稳定断裂区为准解理断裂,裂纹扩展路径相对平直。微观组织分析发现,在原始奥氏体晶界及马氏体板条界析出大量的针状碳化物,这些碳化物提供了裂纹形核位置,促进了裂纹扩展,导致了回火脆性的产生。     

重熔电流对ERNiCrFe-13镍基合金焊丝熔敷金属组织的影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜及能谱仪(SEM,EDS)、JMatPro软件、Image-Pro Plus软件等手段研究了重熔电流对ERNiCrFe-13镍基合金焊丝熔敷金属不填丝重熔焊点组织的影响规律. 结果表明,随着重熔电流的增加,熔宽、熔深、二次枝晶臂间距(secondary dendrite arm spacing,SDAS)显著增加,符合关系λ₂ = 0.682 I 1/3,相关系数R2 = 0.95. 枝晶间γ/Laves共晶组织平均面积、最大面积尺寸随着重熔电流的增加而增大. 伴随着枝晶粗大,枝晶间偏析区域增大,共晶组织数量减少. 重熔电流对γ/Laves共晶组织的成分无显著影响. 随着重熔电流的增加,在γ/Laves共晶组织尺寸增大、应变加大的共同作用下焊点中结晶裂纹开裂加剧.     

Toughness of tempered upper and lower bainitic microstructures in a 4150 steel

The effects of tempering on the Charpy impact toughness and tensile properties of upper and lower bainite in a 4150 steel have been studied. The results correlate with quantitative measurements taken from both the fracture surfaces and the microstructures of Charpy test specimens. The fracture surfaces from impact specimens having a lower bainitic microstructure were characterized by quasicleavage fracture, whereas those having an upper bainitic microstructure exhibited only cleavage fracture. The quasicleavage facet size and cleavage facet size correlate with bainite packet size and bainite block size. After tempering at high temperatures, the impact toughness is greatly improved for both the upper and lower bainitic microstructures. Changes in toughness correlate with the microstructural change in carbide shape and distribution resulting from the different tempering operations.     

An Experimental Evaluation of Material Properties and Fracture Simulation of Cryorolled 7075 Al Alloy

This work presents an experimental evaluation of yield strength, tensile strength, and impact toughness of 7075 Al alloy. The extended finite element method (XFEM) has been chosen for quasi-static crack growth simulations using Charpy impact energy as the crack growth criterion for both Bulk and ultrafine-grained (UFG) 7075 Al alloy. The 7075 Al alloy is rolled for different thickness reductions (40 and 70%) at cryogenic (liquid nitrogen) temperature, and its mechanical properties are studied by performing the tensile and Charpy impact testing. The microstructural characterization of the alloy was carried out using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The rolling of the Al alloy at cryogenic temperature suppresses dynamic recovery, and dislocation cells formed during processing, transformed into fully formed ultrafine-grains (600?nm) at 70% thickness reduction. The impact energy used as the crack growth criterion under quasi-static loading condition based on the Griffith energy concept. The elastic-plastic ductile fracture simulations are performed by XFEM using ABAQUS Software (Version 6.9). For crack modeling, two different types of functions are used to model a crack based on partition of unity concept. A discontinuous function is used to model the portion behind the crack tip, whereas crack tip is modeled by near-tip asymptotic functions. This permits the crack is to be represented explicitly without meshing the crack surfaces, thus crack propagation simulations can be carried out without a need of re-meshing. Strain energy release and stress distribution ahead of the crack tip is found for some practical crack problems. The numerical examples indicate a significant improvement in crack growth properties of UFG 7075 Al alloy as compared to its bulk form due to an effective grain refinement.     

Microstructure and properties of ZL205 alloy

The microstructure, precipitate type, precipitate distribution and tensile strength of a ZL205 alloy, before and after ageing treatment, have been studied by means of optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the as-cast microstructure of the alloy was made up of α-Al and eutectic phase distributed at the grain boundaries. During ageing treatment, the tensile strength increased at first and then reduced with time, and the highest ultimate tensile strength was found to be around 488.2 MPa.     

Effects of squeeze casting parameters on the microstructure of LM13 alloy

Effects of applied pressure and melt and die temperatures on the microstructure of squeeze cast LM13 alloy were examined. The results showed that application of pressure during solidification decreased the grain size and SDAS of the primary α phase and modified the eutectic silicon particles. With application of an external pressure of about 100 MPa, the average SDAS and the average aspect ratio of eutectic silicon particles were reduced from 47 μm and 5 to about 34 μm and 1.5, respectively. SDAS of the primary α phase and the average aspect ratio of eutectic silicon particles decreased slightly with a drop in the melt or die temperatures, reaching to 32 μm and 1.25, respectively, for the best conditions.     

原位观察共晶硅对Al-20%Si合金裂纹形成与扩展的影响

采用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜原位观察了Al-20%Si合金在拉伸过程中裂纹形成与扩展过程,研究了共晶硅对Al-20%Si合金裂纹形成、扩展的影响。结果发现:随固溶温度升高,Al-20%Si合金共晶硅粒化效果显著。铸态Al-20%Si合金拉伸过程中在针状共晶硅处容易产生裂纹,且裂纹主要在共晶硅之间扩展。经560 ℃固溶6 h,190 ℃时效10 h后,合金中针状共晶硅完全转变为颗粒状,有效降低了裂纹扩展速度,合金的抗拉强度和塑性明显提高。     

Effects of Cooling Rate on High-temperature Mechanical Properties of A356 Alloys

High temperature mechanical properties of A356 alloy castings under different solidification cooling rates have been studied and the influence of cooling rates on secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) and mechanical properties has been discussed. To get different cooling rates, three different types of mold—green sand, green sand with chill and permanent mold, were used to pour castings which would subsequently be machined into tensile test and metallographic specimens. The temperature curves of castings’ solidification in three different mold were recorded using thermal couples, which would be used to calculate their corresponding cooling rates. Tensile tests were carried out at 20, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ℃ and then mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, of specimens from different mold types at different test temperatures were obtained. And SDAS of different specimens were measured using optical metallographic photos. From integrated analysis of all those results, following conclusions could be reached. The relationship between SDAS and cooling rates is negative, and the quantitative relationship has been obtained through data fitting analyzing. Generally speaking, tensile strength and yield strength decease as the temperature elevates while elongation behaves in the contrary trend. Through the regression analysis of SDAS, mechanical properties and temperature, the relationship among them is obtained, which makes quantitative prediction of A356 alloy’s mechanical properties at different temperatures with different solidification cooling rates be possible.     

低合金高强钢激光电弧复合焊热模拟热影响区组织与冲击韧性

采用焊接热模拟技术制备了低合金高强钢激光电弧复合焊热影响区的均匀化组织试样,并结合示波冲击试验和组织精细化表征技术分析了热模拟试样组织与韧性之间的关系.?结果表明,热模拟粗晶区、细晶区组织为板条马氏体,临界区组织为马氏体和晶界碳化物,亚临界区组织为回火马氏体;峰值温度对热模拟试样裂纹形成功影响不大,对裂纹扩展功具有较大...     

铝合金缸盖火花塞孔预铸及其金相组织

金属型重力铸造铝合金缸盖预铸火花塞孔，晶间距（SDAS）。预铸状态孔壁的SDAS明显减小，围的组织疏松。从铸件本体取样对比预铸前后孔壁的二次枝抗拉强度等力学性能提高，改善了火花塞周     

Role of tandem submerged arc welding thermal cycles on properties of the heat affected zone in X80 microalloyed pipe line steel

The influence of thermal cycles on the properties of the coarse grained heat affected zone in X80 microalloyed steel has been investigated. The thermal simulated involved heating the X80 steel specimens to the peak temperature of 1400 °C, with different cooling rates. The four-wire tandem submerged arc welding process, with different heat input values, was used to generate a welded microstructure. The martensite/austenite constituent appeared in the microstructure of the heat affected zone region for all the specimens along the prior-austenite grain boundaries and between the bainitic ferrite laths. The blocky-like and stringer martensite/austenite morphology were observed in the heat affected zone region. The fractional area of M/A particles due to different cooling rate was the main factor in increasing of the hardness values in the coarse grained heat affected zone. The Charpy absorbed energy of specimens was assessed using Charpy impact testing at −50 °C. The martensite/austenite constituent's size such as mean diameter and length are important factors influencing Charpy impact properties of coarse grained heat affected zone. The micro crack nucleation may occur from M/A particles at the intersection of prior-austenite grain boundaries. Similar crack initiation sites and growth mechanism were investigated for specimens welded with different heat input values.     

Fatigue behaviour of A356 aluminium alloy for automotive wheels

Abstract

The low cycle fatigue (LCF), high cycle fatigue (HCF), microstructure and tensile properties of a low pressure cast A356 aluminium alloy wheel were investigated with T6 heat treatment. The cast microstructure of the alloy significantly influenced the low and high cycle fatigue behaviours. The rim region of the cast aluminium alloy wheel showed higher low and high cycle fatigue strength compared with the spoke region; this difference is thought to be caused by the higher cooling rate of the rim region during casting. The microstructure of the spoke region of the alloy wheel consisted of a dendrite structure with primary α-phase and frequently dispersed large eutectic phases, which led to partial brittle fracture and lower fatigue life with less fatigue plastic strain.     

海工用厚钢板S355G10+N焊接接头CTOD韧性与微观性能

为了研究大厚度高强海工用钢板S355G10+N焊接接头的韧性和微观性能,按照BS7448和EN 10225的要求进行了CTOD试验和夏比冲击试验并在扫描电镜(SEM)下进行了微观性能分析.结果表明:(1)所有试样试验结果均符合规范要求;(2)夏比冲击能在焊缝位置(WP)和熔合线位置(FL)的分布规律与CTOD值相同,即正相关;在熔合线向母材+2mm (FL+2)位置二者则有相反的分布,这与已有的研究不同;(3)试样S3554焊缝中出现的珠光体和上贝氏体可能是韧性相对较低的原因;(4)对比S35510微观断口中出现的空洞和准解理,可以推断S3552中出现的韧窝和表现为滑移分离的涟波形貌具有更好的韧性表现;这与试验中CTOD值的分布规律相吻合.     

7A09铝合金模锻连杆件的开裂分析

通过断口形貌、显微组织、硬度以及化学成分等方法研究了7A09铝合金模锻连杆件开裂的原因。结果表明:裂纹主要起源于样品表面,并且从表面向试样内部沿晶界扩展;开裂试样的显微组织有晶界宽化、复熔共晶组织的现象,大致判定为过烧组织。主要原因是热处理过程中的温度失控导致7A09铝合金连杆件失效断裂,从而引起产品硬度下降,晶界强度下降,并提出了相关的改进措施。     

Microstructure and Failure Analysis of Flash Butt Welded HSLA 590CL Steel Joints in Wheel Rims

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the microstructures, mechanical properties and failure behavior of flash butt welded high strength low alloy 590CL steel joints. Acicular ferrite, Widmanstatten ferrite and granular bainite were observed in the weld. The micro-hardness values of the welded joints varied between 250 HV and 310 HV. The tensile strength of the welded joints met the strength standard of the wheel steel. The Charpy V-notch impact absorbing energy of the welded joints was higher than the base metal, and the impact fracture of the welded joints was composed of shearing and equiaxed dimples. The fracture mode of the wheel rim in the flaring and expanding process was brittle fracture and ductile fracture, respectively. A limited deviation was found in the terminal of the crack for the wheel in the flaring process. A transition from the weld to the Heat Affected Zone was observed for the wheel in the expanding process.     

High Tensile Strength and Superelasticity of Directionally Solidified Ti30Ni30Fe10Hf10Nb20 Eutectic High Entropy Alloy

Superelasticity has been widely used in various fields. High elastic limit simultaneously with large superelasticity is urgent in the critical applications. In this study, we have employed the high entropy alloy (HEA) concept to develop a new TiHfNiFe-Nb eutectic HEA (EHEA) based on the TiNi-Nb eutectic alloy. The results show the directional catkin-like microstructure with the fiber eutectic in the center and the lamella eutectic in the outside form along the directional solidification direction when the growth rate is 60 mm/h. The corresponding specimens display the high strength of 1409 MPa and superelasticity of 3.1% in tension at room temperature, which is attributed to the synergetic effect of high entropy, preferred orientation, ordered body-centered cubic (B2) phase and disordered body-centered cubic phase in the eutectic structure. This work sheds light on designing the high-performance superelastic function materials with EHEAs.     

Dynamic fracture toughness of TA15ELI alloy studied by instrumented impact test

The dynamic fracture toughness of TA15ELI alloy with two types of microstructures was studied by instrumented impact test.Charpy specimens with both the 0.2 mm U-notch and the a/W = 0.2 pre-crack were adopted to compare notch sensitivity in the two microstructures.The result shows that the specimen with Widmanst?tten microstructure exhibits a better dynamic fracture toughness and lower notch sensitivity than that with lath-like microstructure.Fracture surfaces in the case of the two microstructures are analyzed to have a ductile and brittle mixed feature under dynamic loading.The fracture surface of lath-like microstructure is composed of dimples and tear ridges,while that of Widmanst?tten microstructure is covered with rough block-like facets and dimples and tear ridges.The α phase boundaries and α/β interfaces act as locations for void nucleation and crack arrest and deviation.The decrease in width of α phase lamellae leads to the increase in the amount of boundaries and interfaces,which causes the increase in the consumption of impact energy and results in the improvement in dynamic fracture toughness.