Study on the Experiment and Simulation of Titanium Alloy Bellows via Current-Assisted Forming Technology

Titanium alloy bellows possess significant features, such as light weight, excellent mechanical properties, and good corrosion resistance. In this study, current-assisted forming technology which was used to fabricate Ti31 alloy bellows showed a better response than existing forming processes. Moreover, the finite element method was also applied to simulate the current-assisted forming and optimize the forming parameters. The results show that the current-assisted heating curves can be divided into three stages, pre-heating, heating, and holding. The maximum thinning ratio of Ti31 alloy bellows is about 18% after current-assisted forming at 700°C, which corresponds to a current density of 11.0 A/mm². The Ti31 alloy bellows formed by the current-assisted forming process exhibited superior quality with uniform wall thickness.     

物理逆向法在优化钣金成形毛坯中的应用

钣金成形中毛坯形状直接影响工件的成形和材料的流动情况,因此优化毛坯设计非常重要,不仅可以得到高质量的零件,而且节省材料和成本。文章介绍了关于‘物理逆向法’的进一步工作,提出了适合生产应用的加热装置。并通过有限元模拟和试验,对比研究了几何法、有限元一步法、物理逆向法确定毛坯的合理性。结果表明,物理逆向法适合毛坯的优化,对于盒形件,该方法与有限元一步法效果接近,而且明显优于几何法。     

电磁阀波纹管结构优化与应力数值模拟

面对新能源汽车空调技术的需求，作为空调系统的核心部件电磁阀的性能是系统稳定的关键，而针对电磁阀尤其是其中波纹管结构优化与应力分析的研究甚少。采用有限元分析法，建立波纹管结构简化模型，分析波纹管的波高、壁厚对波纹管的刚度和等效应力的影响。结果表明：波纹管的波高与刚度、等效应力成负相关，壁厚与刚度、等效应力成正相关，设计波纹管结构时，需要综合考虑壁厚、波高、刚度与等效应力影响。以波纹管为研究对象，利用Ansoft Maxwell和ANSYS Workbench建立波纹管的电磁结构耦合有限元模型，通过Ansoft Maxwell电磁场有限元分析得到电磁阀电磁力分布情况，把电磁力作为载荷导入ANSYS Workbench中，对波纹管的主体结构进行动力学分析，得到结构的变形分布情况。     

Computational characterization of drawbeads: A basic modeling method for data generation

The purpose of this investigation is to better understand the behaviour and effects in modeling of drawbeads in sheet metal forming simulation. A finite element model is developed to examine how various modeling aspects, such as element size, number of integration points, material hardening, influence the results. Furthermore, some process parameters such as friction and tool geometry are also discussed.In the modeling of drawbeads in large-scale sheet metal forming analysis using finite element methods it is common to use an equivalent drawbead model. This is due to the need for very dense finite element meshes resulting in demands for extreme computer resources. Generation of input data for an equivalent drawbead model has to be reliable and simple. Herein one method is presented on how to use a plane strain model using actual bead geometry to derive data for the equivalent drawbead model as it is implemented in LS-DYNA^TM.     

S形焊接金属波纹管振动特性分析

针对S形焊接金属波纹管密封的振动问题,选用面体代替波片实体单元进行数值建模和模态分析;研究了单元尺寸对波纹管振动频率的影响,提出了波片选用面体单元时的单元尺寸应小于0.5 mm,并验证了其有效性。利用电动振动试验平台进行振动试验测试,得到了波纹管的振动特性曲线。通过对比分析仿真结果和试验测试结果,确定了波纹管的前6阶振动固有频率和振型,揭示了波纹管的振动机制和影响因素,阐明了波纹管的数值建模方法和试验测试技术。研究结果对焊接金属波纹管密封的设计、制造和应用提供了参考。     

Enhanced predictive corrosion modeling with implicit corrosion products

An advanced mathematical approach to describe the influence of corrosion products on the corrosion rate is presented here. The related model can be used as input equation for numerical predictive corrosion simulations or simply as an empirical model, to extrapolate experimental data of corrosion tests to longer times and to interpret the physical parameters behind. This semiempirical model assumes that a constant share of the dissolved metal precipitates on the surface and hinders the diffusion processes. Hence, the effective corrosion rate decreases exponentially with increasing dissolution. The explicit corrosion progress over time is derived by time integration on a newly developed, time dependent corrosion rate equation. The derived expression can be effortlessly implemented in existing for example finite element method, which is demonstrated for the uniform corrosion of a zinc surface. Furthermore, this approach is qualitatively compared with other empirical models for corrosion products and the validity is demonstrated by fitting of experimental data. A very good agreement between experiment and theory can be achieved for various materials and environments considering no change of the driving corrosion mechanism.     

拼焊板方盒件拉深成形中焊缝移动规律的研究

拼焊板越来越多地应用在汽车制造业及其它工业中。方盒件是板材成形中的一种典型件，因此对拼焊板方盒件拉深过程中的焊缝移动规律的研究是非常重要的。本文研究由不同材料和不同厚度板材组合的拼焊板方盒件在拉深成形中焊缝的移动。同时，用显式有限元软件DY—NAFORM进行了模拟。为了验证模拟结果，做了相应实验，实验结果与模拟结果吻合较好。     

无网格法在板料冲压成形数值模拟中的应用

基于移动最小二乘法近似函数和以有限元网格作为积分背景网格的无网格法理论，对板料冲压成形过程进行了数值模拟，利用罚函数法引入本质边界条件处理成形过程中的接触摩擦问题，并将模拟结果与有限元法计算结果进行对比，结果表明：无网格伽辽金法的计算结果与有限元法计算结果基本吻合，无网格伽辽金法作为新兴的数值计算方法，具有前后处理简单，精度高等特点，为板料冲压成形的数值模拟提供了一种有效的新方法。     

FE simulation and process analysis on forming of aluminum alloy multi-layer cylinder parts with flow control forming

The aluminum alloy parts used in airbag of car were studied with flow control forming(FCF) method,which was a good way to low forming force and better mechanical properties. The key technology of FCF was the design of control chamber to divide metal flow. So, the design method of FCF was analyzed and two type of control chamber were put forward. According to divisional principle, calculation model of forming force and approximate formula were given. Then forming process of aluminum alloy multi-layer cylinder parts was simulated. The effect of friction factor, die radius and punch velocity on metal flow and forming force was obtained. Finally, the experiment was preformed under the direction of theory and finite element(FE) simulation results. And the qualified parts were manufactured. The simulation data and experimental results show that the forming sequence of inner wall and outer wall, and then the force step, can be controlled by adjusting the process parameters. And the FCF technology proposed has very important application value in precision forging.     

短纤维增强金属基复合材料拉伸变形的屈服行为的理论研究

运用空间轴对称弹塑性有限元方法的混合律模型,推导出应力应变分配系数的解析表达式。并由此提出了一种新的定义复合材料比例极限和屈服强度的方法,进而研究了材料参数（纤维长径比、纤维体积分数、纤维根间距和基体应变硬化指数）对短纤维金属基复合材料拉伸变形行为的影响。     

颗粒增强金属基复合材料的屈服行为

运用空间轴对称弹塑性有限元方法和混合律模型，给出了应力应变分配系数与复合材料的弹性模量，屈服强度以及切线模量之间的定量关系式，并由此提出了一种新的定义颗粒增强金属基复合材料比例极限和屈服行为的方法，进而研究了颗粒形状（球体，正圆柱体以及椭球体）和材料结构参数（颗粒体积分数和颗粒根间距）对颗粒增强金属基复合材料拉伸变形行为的影响。研究表明，通过研究应力应变分析系数及其二阶导数来确定复合材料屈服行为的方法不仅适用于短纤维增强金属基复合材料，而且也适用于颗粒增强金属基复合材料。该方法可以较好地反映出颗粒形状和材料结构参数对复合材料屈服行为的影响，预测的比例极限与已发表的实验结果吻合较好。     

一种微分型全量弹塑性有限元算法及其应用

推导了一种坐标更新的微分型全量弹塑性有限元算法,用它模拟金属的压缩失稳现象,计算结果同实测值非常接近,并优于增量算法和刚塑性算法的结果。表明这一算法用于模拟金属的压缩失稳现象非常有效。     

Mechanical, thermal and physical coupling methods in FE analysis of metal forming processes

The thermal and mechanical equations for large deformations occuring in metal forming processes are recalled. The finite element approaches for viscoplastic or for elastic viscoplastic materials are presented briefly. The coupling of the previous equations with those describing the evolution of physical internal parameters is analysed. A compact form of the physical and mechanical equation is used to consider any time integration method. The micro-macro approach is an alternate way to introduce physical phenomena. This methodology is illustrated with the problem of texture evolution during forming of anisotropic materials. Finally the feasability of the inverse method for various types of coupling is investigated, with application to the computation of parameters defining the mechanical, thermal and physical behaviour of the material.     

环件轧制过程的显式有限元模拟分析

用于金属成形模拟的有限元方程的求解方法 ,主要有隐式和显式积分两种方法。对于复杂的三维变形分析 ,如环件轧制 ,隐式方法需要很长的运行时间。而利用显式方法 ,可以达到很好的效果。本文利用Abaqus /Ex plicit通用有限元程序对径向环轧进行了模拟。     

汽车轮毂件冲压成形断裂分析

板料冲压过程是一个非常复杂的塑性成形过程,许多因素都直接或间接影响着成形的结果.以Forge2D软件为平台,采用弹塑性有限元法对某一汽车轮毂零件的成形过程进行数值模拟,揭示零件冲压过程中板料的变形行为,预测冲压过程中可能出现的各种工艺缺陷,例如坯料的局部减薄和破裂,并以模拟结果为依据提出改进工艺参数的办法,优化工艺参数,可以减少调试和修模的次数,以此实现降低模具费用、缩短制模时间、提高产品成品率和材料利用率,最终达到减少产品成本的目的.在此基础上,对3种冲压工艺方案分别进行了数值模拟,对比研究了各方案的成形特点,得出了较好的成形工艺参数方案.     

新型双刃可转位球头立铣刀设计及其加工仿真研究

球头立铣刀是数控机床上加工复杂曲面的高性能结构化刀具,为了提高球头立铣刀的性能,设计了一款新型双刃可转位球头立铣刀,并在CAD/CAM软件Pro/E中建立其三维实体模型;导入金属切削工艺有限元软件AdvantEdge中进行铣削加工模拟仿真,得到加工过程中切削性能参数随时间的变化关系,并与某标准整体式球头立铣刀的铣削加工进行对比分析。结果表明:该铣刀的性能均较优,验证了文中设计的可行性,分析结果为球头立铣刀的设计优化与加工应用提供了参考。     

钛合金波纹管超塑成形工艺研究

首次开发利用氩气的压力胀形和轴向加载的复合超塑性工艺成形技术制造钛合金波纹管的新工艺,可加工多波U型钛合金波纹管。超塑成形采用多层模结构,用模具来控制波形。超塑成形加载过程分为胀形、合模和定型3个阶段,以使成形件的壁厚分布均匀。确定了筒坯的下料尺寸;给出了各个成形阶段胀形气压和保压时间的计算公式;通过超塑胀形实验成形了Ti-6Al-4V钛合金双波波纹管。     

Three-dimensional analysis and computer simulation of shape rolling by the finite and slab element method

In this study a new simplified 3-D numerical method and the associated computer program have been developed to simulate the shape rolling process. The 2-D rigid-plastic finite element method (FEM), used for the generalized plane-strain condition, is combined with the slab method. This method, called FSEM (finite and slab element method), reduces the computational effort without losing much accuracy obtained in the 3-D computer simulation of the shape rolling process. The FSEM has been used to develop a computer program, called TASKS for three-dimensional analysis of shape-rolling as a kinematically steady-state process. The program TASKS has been used to simulate the metal flow and the bulge profile in flat rolling of slabs, the shape rolling of a simple H section, and the rolling of a practical H-beam section. In flat rolling, predicted spreads agreed well with experimental results, given in the literature. The metal flow in rolling of a simple H section was compared with results of a full 3-D simulation, obtained by other investigators. The comparison indicated that the present predictions give quite good results. Finally, the predictions made for a practical pass, used in rolling H sections, also compared well with experimental data.     

Thermal elasto-plastic finite element modelling of the deformation behaviour of metal matrix composites considering interfacial strength

A suggestion of the strength analysis technique considering the interfacial bonding strength is very important for the design of parts and the estimation of fatigue behavior. In this paper three dimensional finite element analysis was performed during the elasto-plastic deformation of particulate reinforced metal matrix composites. Bonding strength, interface separation and matrix void growth between the matrix and reinforcements were predicted during deformation under tensile loading. The shape of the reinforcement was assumed to be a perfect sphere. The type of the reinforcement distribution was assumed as FCC array. The element birth and death method of the ANSYS program was used for estimating the interfacial bonding strength, void generation and propagation. The experimental data of the extruded SiCp/6061 AI composites were compared with the calculated results.