甘油对乙二醇—水和甲醇—水体系沸点的影响

防冻液是一种含有特殊添加剂的冷却液,如乙二醇和甲醇。在保证冰点低的同时,防冻液还需具有高沸点。本文主要研究甘油对甲醇/水、乙二醇/水体系沸点的影响,通过实验来以寻求最佳配比条件,为以后防冻剂的生产与发展提供有力的参考依据。     

一种抑制性乙二醇防冻液的缓蚀性能研究

为提高防冻液的防腐和抑菌性能,开发出一种抑制性乙二醇防冻液ECH-IEG-1.试验结果表明,该抑制性乙二醇防冻液对各金属的缓蚀性能均优于非抑制性乙二醇防冻液,对碳钢的腐蚀性只是非抑制性乙二醇防冻液的1/200到1/1000.该防冻液具有良好的缓蚀性能,能有效提高设备的使用年限,对环境完全友好.     

丙三醇对两种不同醇型防冻液冰沸点影响因素探究

防冻液的全称应该叫防冻冷却液,防冻液是一种含有特殊添加剂的冷却液,主要用于液冷式发动机冷却系统,防冻液具有冬天防冻,夏天防沸,全年防水垢,防腐蚀等优良性能。本文通过研究丙三醇对乙二醇/水、丙二醇/水体系冰沸点的影响,探究比较合理的配比方案,从而为今后防冻液的生产与改进提供一定的帮助。     

乙二醇-水型汽车防冻液的缓蚀性能研究

在乙二醇-水(体积比约1∶1)型防冻液体系中,利用Autolab电化学工作站研究了苯骈三氮唑、苯甲酸钠、硼砂对防冻液的缓蚀性能的影响。结果表明,p H值为8~9时,苯甲酸钠、硼砂、苯骈三氮唑三者联合作用对乙二醇-水型防冻液体系中的缓蚀性能起协同作用,即比苯甲酸钠、硼砂、苯骈三氮唑作为单独的缓蚀剂时的效果更佳,并确定了乙二醇-水型防冻液的最佳配方为100 m L溶液中,p H值为8.8,添加苯甲酸钠的量为0.12 g、硼砂的量为0.5 g、苯骈三氮唑的量为0.008 g。对防冻液的各项性能进行了测定,发现均满足于SHT0085-1991的行业标准。     

乙二醇的国内外市场分析

乙二醇(EG)作为重要的有机化工原料,主要用于制造合成纤维、合成树脂、增塑剂、化妆品以及炸药等,也用于配制低凝固点冷却液。最大的用途是生产聚酯,其次是防冻液,还可用作溶剂。     

国内发展动态

长效防冻液通过技术鉴定 目前,国内汽车防冻液主要从国外进口。因国内产品凝固点大都在零下二十几度,有的防腐蚀性能较差,颜色也不受欢迎。为了满足市场需求,我们根据我国南北气温差别大的特点,研制出了三种不同型号的长效防冻液,适合于全国不同地区使用。其中FH-3型适合于极寒(-40℃)地区使用,而且可根据需要配制出一系列不同凝固点产品。 我们研制的产品为黄绿色透明液体,无毒,无环境污染,凝固点低,沸点高,对汽车水箱无腐蚀,无水垢,冬天防冻,夏天防沸,     

羟丙基纤维素/水/甘油体系三元相图的计算机模拟

通过凝固点降低法和平衡溶胀法分别测定了甘油与水、羟丙基纤维素与甘油的相互作用参数,结合羟丙基纤维素与水的相互作用参数,利用Flory-Huggins聚合物溶液理论,以及Matlab计算机程序,首次计算出羟丙基纤维素/水/甘油三元体系的双节线和旋节线,并绘制出羟丙基纤维素/水/甘油体系的三元相图。     

汽车防冻液再生使用的研究

将备好的试验用乙二醇型防冻液用于同一款汽车冷却系统,选取不同地区具有明显温差的车辆进行试验,防冻液冰点分别是-15℃、-25℃、-35℃、-45℃,试验结束后,取出汽车更换出来的乙二醇型不同冰点防冻液为-15℃、-25℃、-35℃、-45℃依次进行处理,参照国标GB 29743-2013~([1])标准,研究经过处理后的防冻液各项理化指标能否达到该标准。     

吗啉副产物的开发利用

以吗啉工业生产中的副产物为原料,采用加压水解法,经分离后,可得到吗啉及混合醇。在210℃,2．0MPa下,水与副产物的质量比为1：1,采用氢氧化钠为催化剂,用量为副产物的1．5％,反应时间为4小时,吗啉的收率可达35％,混合醇的收率可达42％。混合醇可替代乙二醇作为防冻液的主要原料,60％的混合醇水溶液凝固点能达到-40℃以下。     

不同水质对防冻液浓缩液稀释影响因素的分析

以乙二醇型防冻液浓缩液为研究对象,用去离子水、蒸馏水、矿泉水、自来水、河水、海水等不同水质稀释防冻液浓缩液,研究其稀释液的泡沫特性和沉淀影响因素。试验结果表明,在不同水质稀释条件下,对稀释液的泡沫特性和沉淀影响因素不同,当水质含有多种游离金属离子和酸根离子时容易产生气泡和形成沉淀物质。因此防冻液浓缩液稀释适宜用去离子水或蒸馏水,同时也为用何种水质稀释乙二醇型防冻液浓缩液提供参考依据。     

H2O2 / O3, H2O2 / UV And H2O2 / Fe2+ Processes For The Oxidation Of Hazardous Wastes

Activated hydrogen peroxide produces very reactive OH-radicals which destroy hazardous contaminants in water. The principles and different methods of activation are described. Results from laboratory studies show the numerous applications of this new technology. A successful scaleup of laboratory tests to an industrial level is discussed. Finally, a cost estimate for treating different types of water with hydrogen peroxide is presented.     

Sintering of Cr2O3 in H2/H2O Gas Mixtures

Sintering of Cr₂O₃ was performed at 1530°C under low pO₂ close to the Cr–Cr₂O₃ equilibrium generated by H₂/H₂O gas mixtures. Addition of 1 wt%ZrO₂ and 0·1 wt%MgO increases the density of Cr₂O₃ from 97% TD to nearly full density. Rapid densification and the higher density are attributed to the appearance of a transient CrO liquid phase as a result of the presence of ZrO₂ and MgO under the sintering conditions. A grain size reduction is also achieved owing to the presence of ZrO₂ particles and the possible formation of a MgCr₂O₄ spinel at grain boundaries. There is no connection between densification and loss of material due to evaporation. ©     

TNT的O3/H2O2降解规律

利用自制装置,采用连续投加O3、H2O2的方式,研究了O。／H：O：对废水中TNT的降解规律。结果表明,与Oa作用相比,O3／H2O2工艺可显著提高TNT的降解率,还可避免中间产物的形成与积累;在试验研究条件下,H2O2：O3的最优摩尔比为1,最佳初始pH值在11左右,利用缓冲溶液可维持反应体系pH值的稳定,但不利于O3／H2O2功效的发挥,反应适合在常温下进行,尽量避开40℃左右;动力学特征分析表明,O／H2O2降解TNT偏离伪一级反应动力学规律。     

Investigation of the Phase Equilibria of CO2/CH3OH/H2O and CO2/CH3OH/H2O/H2 Mixtures

The storage of excess electricity from renewable energy sources is nowadays a crucial topic. One promising technology is the methanol (CH₃OH) synthesis from H₂/CO₂ mixtures. The achievable one‐pass conversion is limited within this exothermic equilibrium reaction. A possibility to overcome this limitation would be withdrawing CH₃OH and H₂O from the gas phase through in situ condensation under reaction conditions. In this work, the phase equilibrium for mixtures representative for different degrees of conversion was studied. A view cell was employed to determine systematically the single‐ and two‐phase regimes and obtain phase envelopes for mixtures of H₂, CO₂, CH₃OH, and H₂O from 66 to 305 °C and 61 to 233 bar. Furthermore, the densities in the single‐phase area were determined and quantified by an empirical model.     

过氧化氢/水体系中纤维素非均相接枝制备高吸水材料

在H2O2／水体系中进行了纤维素与丙烯酸非均相接枝聚合，制备了可吸去离子水达700多倍、自来水达400多倍的高吸水材料，考察了聚合时间、交联剂用量、纤维素用量及不同预处理因素对接枝产物吸水性能的影响，并对接枝反应的引发机理作了探讨。     

Bactericidal Effectiveness of O3, O3/H2O2 and O3/TiO2 on Clostridium perfringens

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the bactericidal capacity of different Advanced Oxidation Treatments (AOTs) based on ozone: ozone, ozone/hydrogen peroxide and ozone/titanium dioxide on a wild strain of Clostridium perfringens, a fecal bacterial indicator in drinking water. The dose of ozone consumed ranges from 0.6 mg L^?1 min^?1 to 5.13 mg L^?1 min^?1 depending on the process and on the sample. In the treatments combined with O₃, H₂O₂ dose utilized is 0.04 mM and TiO₂ dose, 1 g L^?1. In order to evaluate the influence of natural organic matter and suspension solids over the disinfection rate, treatments are performed with two types of water – natural water from Ebro River (Zaragoza, Spain) and NaCl solution 0.9%. To achieve 4 log units of inactivation, 3.6 mg O₃ L^?1 is necessary in O₃ treatment, 4.25 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/TiO₂ system and 2.7 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/H₂O₂ after processing the natural water. In NaCl solution, to get the same inactivation, 0.42 mg O₃ L^?1 is necessary in O₃ treatment, 1.15 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/TiO₂ system and 0.06 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/H₂O₂ process. Even though the three treatments studied have a high bactericidal activity due to the number of surviving bacteria decreases to non-detectable levels, O₃/H₂O₂ is the most effective system for eliminating C. perfringens cells in a lower contact time, followed by O₃ and finally O₃/TiO₂ system.     

H2O2/H2O溶液冷冻干燥制备HA多孔陶瓷

以H2O2/H2O结晶体为模板冷冻干燥法,制备出片层孔及圆孔的双孔型羟基磷灰石(hydroxyapatite,HA)支架,观察了支架的双孔形貌,分别研究HA浆料初始固含量和孔隙率、冷冻温度和孔径尺寸之间的关系.结果表明:当初始浆料固含量在20vol％ ～ 45vol％之间变化时,可以制得孔隙率在79％ ～ 54％的多孔陶瓷支架,孔的连通性较好,支架孔隙率随着浆料固含量的降低而升高;当冷冻温度分别为-20℃、-50℃、-80℃时,平均片层间距及圆形孔孔径尺寸分别为550～1000 μm,800 ～ 1000 μm;450 ～800 μm,550 ～750 μm;330 ～380μm,450 ～ 500 μm;支架的孔径尺寸随着冷冻温度的降低而减小,两种形貌孔道在孔壁上呈树枝状相连通,有利于细胞的攀附和生长.     

Enhanced Bactericidal Effect of O3/H2O2 Followed by Cl2

With the appearance of chlorine resistant microorganisms such as Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia in drinking water, significant attention has been drawn to the sequential application of multiple disinfectants including ozone, chlorine dioxide, and UV as a primary disinfectant. However, few studies have reported about the inactivation behavior of ozone-based AOP (advanced oxidation process) or its sequential application combined with other disinfectants. This is especially important since ozone itself experiences difficulty in the inactivation of these pathogens, especially at low temperatures: This study investigates the enhanced inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores by the presence of an OH radical in the O₃/H₂O₂ system and the synergistically enhanced inactivation in the application of the O₃/H₂O₂ system followed by Cl₂. The results suggest that the O₃/H₂O₂ process can be considered as one of the viable alternatives when O₃ alone does not satisfy the disinfection requirement.