基于在线校正的无线传感器网络定位算法

准确度和精确度是无线传感器网络定位系统重要的指标。分析现有的校正技术,在基于超声波传感器和无线射频模块的到达时间差（TDOA）测距技术和多边测量定位算法的基础上,结合校正技术,提出一种基于在线校正的定位算法。改进的算法针对传感器网络在实际应用中的不均匀性布撒,充分利用密集布撒下节点定位的冗余信息,以提高密集型网络的定位精度,从而提高整个网络的定位性能。实验表明,改进的定位算法有效地减小了网络的定位误差。     

无线传感器网络TDOA测距误差分析与校正

测距是无线传感器网络定位的基础,基于TDOA的测距有较高的精度;分析现有的基于TDOA的无线传感器网络定位系统与算法,使用基于超声波传感器和无线射频模块的TDOA测距技术,并针对测距过程中存在的误差,提出一种新的误差补偿和校正方法;该方法在对TDOA误差源及其影响行为进行详细分析的基础上,建立了测距误差模型;对影响较大的误差因子给予单独校正,并结合相关数学原理,引入了最小二乘回归,建立了误差校正的方案;实验结果表明,该方法有效地减小了测距误差的影响,从而提高了系统定位精度。     

基于RSSI与TDOA的混合测距加权定位算法

对RSSI和TDOA测距技术优缺点进行分析,提出了基于（接收信号强度指示（RSSI）和信号到达时间差（TDOA）的混合测距加权定位算法,解决无线传感器网络定位系统中单纯依靠TDOA测距造成信标节点数量不足的问题。该算法根据测距方式的精度差异对测距结果进行加权校正处理,仿真实验表明,通过选择合适的加权值可以大大降低采用RSSI测距方式对定位精度产生的不利影响。     

短距离高精度无线定位方法的研究及其实现

节点定位作为无线传感网络的关键技术,已成为国内外的研究热点.本文首先对当今无线定位技术进行了介绍,现有的技术在短距离定位上精度不够.然后针对两种定位测距技术进行改进,提出了基于信号相关性的TDOA测距方案和基于信号变频反射的TOA测距方案.接着对这两种方案进行了仿真实验,讨论了各自的优缺点.最后得出了基于信号变频反射的TOA测距方案更适合应用于短距离高精度无线定位系统的结论.     

无线传感器网络中的自身定位系统和算法分析

以无线传感器网络为研究对象,分别从测距阶段、以及定位阶段这两个方面入手,就自身定位系统运行过程当中所涉及到的算法类型及其实施展开了详细说明。其中,在无线传感器网络测距阶段,算法应用主要可以分为基于RSSI的算法、以及基于Eulidean的算法这两种类型;而在无线传感器的定位阶段当中,算法应用则主要分为基于三边测量的算法、基于极小值-极大值(Min-Max)算法这2种类型。     

基于超声波六元阵列测距的WSN节点定位技术研究

基于超声波测距的定位技术以其精度高、范围广和性能稳定等优点,在无线传感器网络中广泛应用。为了实现较大范围的高精度定位,利用自主实现的超声波六元传感器阵列进行TDOA测距,并进行测距误差分析,然后采用基于测地距离的多维定标算法(Geodesic Distance MDS)进行无线传感器网络节点定位。在MATLAB平台下与Cricket采用的迭代式三边定位和AHLoS采用的多点定位算法进行对比仿真实验,结果表明Geodesic Distance MDS算法在不同网络规模和测距误差条件下均能够获得更高的定位精度和较小的定位误差。     

基于组合测距的无线传感器网络自定位算法

针对如何在锚节点密度较低的情况下提高无线传感器网络中节点自定位精度的问题,本文提出了一种基于RSSI和TDOA组合测距的加权质心定位算法.该算法分别对传统RSSI和TDOA测距模型增加了校验参数及温度补偿,将未知节点与锚节点间距离估计值的倒数作为权值参数,再利用加权质心算法计算出未知节点的位置坐标.硬件试验表明室内环境中基于改进RSSI测距模型的定位算法相比于传统RSSI质心定位算法的误差改进比率为56.2%,仿真结果显示基于组合测距的定位算法在锚节点密度较低时也能达到较高的定位精度.     

基于ZigBee技术的TDOA定位系统设计

在高精度传感器网络定位系统中,基于到达时间差（TDOA）的定位系统得到了越来越普遍的研究。首先设计了一套基于ZigBee技术的无线通信节点,通过扩展超声波测距装置构建了TDOA定位系统所需的硬件平台。在分析定位节点和信标节点的工作特性的基础上提出了基于事件驱动的定位机制,既保证系统响应速度高效又能有效降低系统功耗,改善了空间中能量碰撞和信号串扰问题。另外还针对TDOA测距过程中存在的误差进行实验分析与修正,最终有效地减小了测距误差的影响,从而提高了系统定位精度。     

无线传感器网络节点定位系统与算法的研究和发展

介绍了无线传感器网络节点定位的概念和原理，节点定位计算的一般过程．讨论了传感器网络各种定位系统常用的测距技术与节点定位计算的基本方法，对几种典型的定位算法进行了定性比较．介绍了节点定位系统与算法的最新发展，对传感器网络节点定位系统和算法进行了必要的总结和概括．     

基于超声波六元阵列TDOA测距的WSN定位系统设计与实现

基于超声波测距的定位技术以其精度高、范围广和性能稳定等优点,在无线传感器网络中广泛应用。为了实现较大范围的高精度定位,采用TDOA的测距技术设计了满足远距离测量和二维全向测距的六元超声波传感器阵列系统,实现了无锚节点的无线传感器网络中节点的高精度定位和实时监控。测距实验结果表明,该系统的测量距离最远为16 m,平均测距误差为0.14%;定位实验结果表明,10个节点可以在3 min内完成全部组网和定位,平均定位误差约为23.74 cm。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。