Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis Recovery of Limonene from Citrus Processing Waste Streams

Commercial ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes were used to concentrate the terpene, limonene, present in cold pressed oil centrifuge effluent and molasses evaporator condensate. UF membrane rejections were 78–97% for mixtures with initial limonene concentrations from 0.04–0.6%v/v. RO membrane rejection of limonene ranged from 87–99% for feed streams containing 0.06–0.23% limonene. Initial membrane flux rates for centrifuge effluents were in the range 10–100 kg/m²/hr. Evaporator condensate fluxes were higher, 25–400, while pure water rates ranged from 25 (RO) to 1000 kg/m²/hr (UF). Contact with limonene adversely affected membrane flux rates in decreasing order of severity: polysulfone > cellulose acetate > teflon-type.     

采用无机陶瓷膜超滤甘薯淀粉生产废液中的糖蛋白的工艺研究

甘薯生产淀粉的废水中含有一种具有生物活性功能的糖蛋白,文中采用无机陶瓷膜超滤设备来提取甘薯生产淀粉废水中的糖蛋白。通过研究不同料液pH值、超滤操作时间、压力、温度、切线流速对渗透通量的影响,得出最佳的超滤工艺条件为pH=65,压力035MPa,温度20℃,切线流速u=2m/s,最终可将糖蛋白溶液浓缩83倍,糖蛋白的截留率为91%,糖蛋白得率为73%(粗糖蛋白中糖蛋白/鲜甘薯糖蛋白)。     

Experiences with a Reverse Osmosis Pilot Plant for the Concentration of Potato Fruit Water in the Potato Starch Industry

The potato as an agricultural raw material contains 76% potato fruit water with a solid content of 5%. Protein separation, evaporation, agricultural application and aerobic/anaerobic wastewater treatment are able to use one part of these solids. Reverse osmosis for concentration of potato fruit water increases the percentage of reusable contents. A high tendency to biofouling on cellulose acetate membranes however requires microbiological and pH-control of the incoming, foamfree potato fruit water as well as daily cleaning and disinfection of the membranes. Because of the special fruit water composition the rejections of inorganics are higher than expected. Estimations of total costs show that the reverse osmosis in combination with the other steps of starch process increases the economy.     

马铃薯淀粉废液超滤传质过程的研究

采用超滤设备对马铃薯淀粉生产过程中的废液进行循环浓缩,研究在室温、操作压力为0.16 MPa循环浓缩时,膜通量与料液中蛋白质的质量浓度之间的变化规律,得到马铃薯淀粉废液超滤浓缩过程中的传质方程,依据传质方程求出形成凝胶层的马铃薯蛋白质质量浓度为71.582 g/L;依据阻力模型理论,建立操作压力与膜通量的模型,并探讨不同操作压力区域对膜通量的影响。     

超滤法从马铃薯淀粉加工分离汁水中回收蛋白质的研究

马铃薯淀粉加工分离汁水中大约含有1.5%蛋白质,本研究分析了超滤法在马铃薯蛋白回收当中的应用,并且通过对实验条件的优化,准确地测定了蛋白酶抑制因子对胰蛋白酶的抑制能力。在实验条件下,研究结果表明:浓缩比为5的情况下,分子截留量分别为10000 MWCO和30000 MWCO的超滤膜包的浓缩液蛋白浓度分别增加到原来的4.35和3.90倍,蛋白质回收率分别为67.61%和62.98%。SDS-PAGE结果表明两个超滤膜包回收的蛋白组成没有什么差异,均包含patatin蛋白和蛋白酶抑制剂组分,但30000MWCO的超滤膜包孔径较大,水和小分子量物质更容易穿透,浓缩效率高,更加适合于回收马铃薯总蛋白。分子截留量分别为10000MWCO和30000 MWCO的超滤膜包回收的蛋白胰蛋白酶抑制剂的活力分别为124.38和95.25 TIUs/mg蛋白。超滤法适用于从马铃薯淀粉加工分离汁水中回收天然活性蛋白质。     

超滤技术处理甘薯淀粉生产废水的应用效果

为了选择适宜的超滤膜对甘薯淀粉废水进行处理,以3种甘薯淀粉废水为研究对象,比较了无机陶瓷膜N50、N100和N200以及有机膜PVDF和PES的膜通量及其处理效果。结果表明:膜通量在超滤进行到第15~25 min时下降明显,之后基本保持稳定,其中陶瓷膜N200与N50具有较高的稳定膜通量,有机膜PVDF膜通量高于PES。废液经处理后,透光性显著加强,可溶性固形物去除率为39.8%~64.6%、可溶性蛋白质去除率为73.7%~99.0%、化学需氧量降低32.3%~73.2%,其中N50、PVDF和PES处理效果更好。综合膜通量及运行成本指导实际生产,实际生产中宜用N50或PVDF对甘薯淀粉废水进行超滤处理,以减轻后续处理压力,提高废水中有机物质的回收利用。     

Ultrafiltration/Reverse Osmosis Concentration of Lobster Extract

A membrane concentration system consisting of tubular polysulphone ultrafiltration (UF) and polyamide reverse osmosis (RO) was evaluated for concentrating key water soluble flavor compounds from lobster extracts. Major flavor-giving compounds in the extract were glutamic acid, glycine, arginine, uridine 5′-monophosphate (UMP), succninic acid and glucose. Factors affecting performance of the UF/RO systems, such as flow rate, feed solid level, temperature and pressure, on permeate flux and solids rejection were measured. The optimum UF conditions were 1.5% feed solid level, 15 L/min feed flow rate, 50°C feed temperature and 1 MPa log mean transmembrane pressure. The RO system retained all dissolved flavor components and its ideal operating conditions were 40°C, 2.8 MPa log mean transmembrane pressure and a flow rate of 15 L/min.     

香菇多糖反渗透浓缩工艺的研究

采用反渗透膜浓缩工艺对香菇多糖提取液进行浓缩,分析进膜压力、料液浓度和进膜温度对浓缩工艺的影响,并比较了反渗透浓缩和真空浓缩两种方法的差异.结果表明,在进膜压力20 MPa、多糖浓度6.48 mg/mL、进膜温度30℃时能取得较好的浓缩效果.反渗透膜浓缩粗多糖得率较真空浓缩高,且DPPH自由基清除能力优于真空浓缩的产品...     

Bihon-Type Noodles from Heat-Moisture-Treated Sweet Potato Starch

ABSTRACT Sweet potato starch (SPS) has limited uses in the Philippines, but modification of its properties may make it more suitable for use in traditional products that normally use other types of starch. Heat‐moisture treatment was applied to native SPS (HMTSPS), which was used as a substrate and composite with maize starch (MS) to produce bihon‐type starch noodles. Preliminary quality scoring showed that acceptability scores of raw starch noodles, plain boiled, and sautéed noodles made from 100% HMTSPS and 50% HMTSPS:50% MS were not significantly different from the commercial bihon. However, consumer testing is recommended to further validate acceptability of the sweet potato for bihon.     

Purification and Concentration of Betalaines by Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis

Beet juices prepared by solid-liquid extractions were processed by ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) to 30°Brix at 20°C. De Danske Sukkerfabrikker (DDS) UF/RO Lab Module-20 plate-and-frame system was used having a 0.72-m² effective membrane area and pressures from 50-40 bar. After prefiltering, pectinase treated juices were sequentially processed through 20,000 and 6,000 (UF) molecular weight (MW) cut-off membranes. The UF purified products were then concentrated by RO processes on several types of cellulose acetate (CA) membranes, one with a 500 MW cut-off and 70% NaCl permeability provided colorants that were separated from a majority of soluble solids. Addition of invertase to pectinase-treated juices decreased flux but yielded a three-fold increase in betalaine concentration on a dry weight basis. Betalaine concentration by UF and RO processes also halved nitrate level and greatly reduced flavor.     

薯类淀粉、粉丝加工工艺及设备选型

以薯类为原料 ,采用传统工艺优势与机械化生产相结合生产精白淀粉与粉丝 ,通过对加工设备及工艺的创新 ,来保证薯类淀粉与粉丝的内在品质与外在质量     

鹰嘴豆淀粉与红薯淀粉复配粉条的研制及工艺优化

纯鹰嘴豆淀粉制作的粉条韧性好,蒸煮过程中内容物溶出少,损失小,但其富含直链淀粉,不易糊化,且粉条透明度较差,故考虑添加含支链淀粉较多的红薯淀粉对其品质进行改善。通过单因素及正交试验,以感官评价为主,结合蒸煮损失、透光率等指标的测定,优化出最佳工艺参数。结果表明：当红薯淀粉添加量20%、含芡量10%、含水量44%、老化时长3 min 时,粉条的感官及烹煮品质最优;相比纯鹰嘴豆粉条,复配粉条更易糊化、光滑明亮、筋道可口,且不易糊汤与断条。     

酯化红薯变性淀粉的制备及性质研究

以红薯淀粉为原料,探讨反应温度、反应pH值、酸酐用量和反应时间等因素对其酯化反应效率的影响,并对醋酸酯化淀粉的膨胀率、溶解度、透明度、冻融稳定性和红外结构表征等进行了研究。     

超声波辅助制备冷水可溶性甘薯淀粉

以甘薯淀粉为原料,采用超声波辅助乙醇碱法制备颗粒状冷水可溶性甘薯淀粉,系统研究了淀粉乳浓度、乙醇浓度、碱用量、超声波功率和超声波时间对冷水可溶淀粉溶解度的影响。在单因素试验基础上,通过Box-Behnken响应面优化制备条件,得到最佳的反应条件为:淀粉乳质量浓度4.0 g/100 m L,乙醇体积分数81%,超声波功率为300 W,超声时间22 min。经验证,在最佳条件下,所制得的甘薯淀粉溶解度达到96.38%,回归模型预测值与实测值的相对误差1%。研究结果表明,超声波在制备冷水可溶性甘薯淀粉方面有一定的应用前景。     

甘薯淀粉生产废液中糖蛋白提取的超滤数学模型

在前期采用无机陶瓷膜从甘薯淀粉生产的废液中进行超滤浓缩糖蛋白研究的基础上,建立了一个超滤数学模型,并由实验获得模型参数,模型预算的理论曲线和实验曲线拟合良好.     

超滤和反渗透双膜工艺在印染废水回用中的应用

由于印染废水成分复杂且不稳定,盐度高,可生化性差,使用常规生化处理方法难以达到最佳回用效果。文章研制了一种新型抗污染超滤膜,结合反渗透技术成功处理印染废水。实践表明,该系统运行稳定,对COD、C1的去除效率均可达97％以上;对悬浮物、色度的去除率达到100％。系统出水符合印染车间生产回用水的要求。     

交联红薯淀粉的制备研究

以红薯淀粉为原料,氢氧化钠为催化剂、环氧氯丙烷为交联剂制备交联淀粉。以产物交联度为指标,考察了温度、时间、NaOH加入量、交联剂用量对红薯淀粉交联过程的影响。通过正交试验确定制备交联淀粉的最佳工艺参数为:NaOH加入量为16mL、环氧氯丙烷用量1.8mL、反应时间4h、反应温度50℃。     

甘薯抗性淀粉的制备

以甘薯淀粉为原料制备抗性淀粉,用正交实验确定压热处理制备抗性淀粉的最佳制备工艺。结果表明,甘薯抗性淀粉制备的最佳条件为:淀粉糊的浓度35%、pH值4.5、糊化温度115℃、糊化时间70min、老化时间72h。     

红薯淀粉羧甲基化改性研究

以红薯淀粉为原料 ,用乙醇溶剂法制备羧甲基淀粉 ,通过正交实验探讨了影响羧甲基淀粉取代度的各种因素 ,获得制备条件为 :红薯淀粉用量 10 g、氢氧化钠 7g、氯乙酸 6g、乙醇浓度 75 %、乙醇体积 75mL、碱化温度 35℃、醚化温度 4 5℃、碱化时间 4 5min、醚化时间 80min。在该优化条件下 ,红薯羧甲基淀粉取代度(DS)达 0 .87,粘度达 0 .5 1Pa·S。     

马铃薯淀粉加工废水中超滤回收马铃薯蛋白质

研究超滤法回收马铃薯淀粉加工废水中的蛋白质的可行性.以蛋白质截留率和渗透通量为指标进行综合考虑,得出超滤的最佳条件为:操作压力为0.10 MPa,室温22℃,pH 5.8.在此条件下超滤回收蛋白质的截留率高达80.46%,处理后的废水的CODCr值由原来的9280.04 mg/L降为3 898.41 mg/L.对超滤膜清洗效果最佳的清洗剂是0.05%的碱性蛋白酶,其次是0.5%的NaOH水溶液,恢复系数高达99.55%和89.12%.