Catalytic Effects of Ultraviolet Light and/or Ultrasound On The Ozone Oxidation of Humic Acid and Trihalomethane Precursors

This paper describes the singular and composite effects of two catalysts; ultraviolet (UV) light and ultrasound (US) on the ozone (O₃) oxidation of a purified solution of a commercially available humic acid with the objective of minimizing trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP). The principal findings are that (1) the most effective reactor conditions for both thedestruction of nonvolatile total organic carbon (NVTOC) and THMFP utilized both US and UV in combination with ozon, and (2) bicarbonate alkalinity reduces the oxidation efficiency of the US–UV–O₃ system apparently asa consequence ofradical scavenging.     

Structure and properties of styrenic thermoplastic elastomer functionalised through ozone treatment

Abstract

Styrenic thermoplastic elastomers are hydrophobic polymer. Through ozone treatment, some oxygen containing groups such as carboxyl groups [C=O(O)] are introduced onto the molecular chains of styrenic thermoplastic elastomers [poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene) (SBS) and hydrogenated poly(styrene-b-isoprene/butadiene-b-styrene) (SEEPS)], their hydrophilicity are thus improved. Compared with SEEPS4044, SBS791 contains much more C=C double bonds and is more susceptible to ozone oxidation. The polarity of ozonised SBS791 is higher than that of ozonised SEEPS4044. Ozone treatment causes also the degradation of styrenic thermoplastic elastomers, their molecular weights are decreased. After ozone treatment, the tensile strength at 100 and 300% elongation of styrenic thermoplastic elastomers decreases.     

OZONATION TREATMENT OF 2-NITROPHENOLIC WASTEWATER USING A NEW GAS-INDUCING REACTOR

Ozonation is a potential chemical process for the treatment of nitrophenolic wastewater. However, due to the low solubility and utilization rate of ozone, a conventional gas-inducing reactor for ozonation treatment has limited app-lication for treating phenolic wastewater. In this study, 2-nitrophenol wastewater ozonation was conducted in a new gas-inducing reactor that has been investigated in our laboratory over the past few years. The ozonation conducted in this reactor can be operated with a higher ozone utilization rate and lower power consumption than a conventional gas-liquid reactor. The ozone utilization rate increases with increasing pH value and can be maintained at over 95%. Kinetic studies show that a pseudo first-order reaction model derived from a two-film theory can describe the ozonation of 2-nitrophenol. Kinetic study of 2-nitrophenol ozonation shows that there are two stages in 2-nitrophenol ozonation. The observed rate constant in the second stage of 2-nitrophenol ozonation is higher than the first stage. A change in the 2-nitrophenol concentration is responsible for the change in the observed rate constant. Below pH 7, the oxidation rate of 2-nitrophenol increases with increasing pH and increasing ozone inlet concentration. This new gas-inducing reactor can improve the ozone utilization rate. The ozonation of 2-nitrophenol can be effectively conducted in this reactor.     

Determination of Photoresist Degradation Products in O3/DI Processing

Mainly because of cost-saving and environmental concerns, ozone has been introduced as a cleaning agent in semiconductor manufacturing in recent years. This work reports the determination of the most important degradation products formed after the stripping of two different types of photoresist (PR) {1-Line and DUV resist) by ozone processing. Six low molecular weight carboxylic acids could be identified for the I-line PR, five for the DUV PR. The behavior of these degradation products under continuous ozonation as well as their stability in water was also investigated. Despite the chemical similarity of these carboxylic acids, their behavior appears to be quite different.     

UHMWPE的臭氧化降解及摩擦磨损性能研究

研究了臭氧化反应对超高摩尔质量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）熔体流动性、摩擦磨损性能以及结晶性能的影响。经臭氧化反应，UHMWPE发生降解，粘均摩尔质量从2650kg／mol降低到566kg／mol，熔体质量流动速率从0增加到0．28g／10min。随臭氧化处理时间的增加，材料摩擦系数和磨损量基本不变，UHMWPE优异的磨擦磨损性能得以保持。DSC分析结果表明，随臭氧化反应时间的增加，UHMWPE熔融焓增加，结晶度增加。     

Action of Ozone on Trophozoites and Free Amoeba cysts,Whether Pathogenic or Not

Owing to the presence of free living amoeba – some ofwhich are pathogenic to man– in any aqueous medium (before or after traditional treatment processes in surface water, groundwater. swimming pools, etc.). our task wasto test the efficiency of ozone asa disinfecting agent. We began by studying the ozonation process, in bactericidal and virucidal conditions, on cysts of eleven free living amoeba strains. Most of thetested strains were destroyed under less drastic conditions than those arising from true ozonation (0.4 mg/L of dissolved ozone residual maintained for 4 minutes) and we attempted to find the ozonation parameters (dissolved ozone residual and contact time) Just necessary to obtain inactivation of the cystsunder laboratory conditions.     

Century 21 - Pregnant with Ozone

As we enter this new century, it is striking how the number of applications for ozone is growing. During ozone's first century, the emphasis for using it involved primarily, potable water treatment, wastewater treatment, bottled water treatment, odor control and medical therapy. Of these, potable water and wastewater treatment now can be called the “classical” applications for ozone. But there are a great many more uses for this versatile chemical that might be termed “non-classical”, and these began emerging toward the end of the last century. Some of these so-called “non-classical” developing applications for ozone will be reviewed in this paper. As we enter the 21s1 century, applications for ozone in the various aspects of the agricultural and food processing industries are very active and most promising.     

深圳近地面臭氧来源分析及空气质量评价探讨——以洪湖子站及南湖子站为例

通过对深圳市2012年臭氧监测数据统计,选取出典型自动监测站,利用EKMA曲线及调查自动站周边实际污染情况,分析出了植物源VOC是城市大气环境中臭氧来源的重要因素。臭氧作为城市环境大气污染因子控制和评价空气质量应与其他因子有所区别。在探讨臭氧在AQI评价空气质量的应用时,引用WHO关于PM2.5及臭氧的标准,明确我国现阶段,在对6项污染计算AQI同时,仍应以PM2.5为指标性评价因子,播报其浓度值,在接近或达到WHO过度目标2时,在对6项污染计算AQI同时,应单独播报细颗粒浓度及臭氧浓度。     

射流曝气耦合超声强化臭氧传质及应用

利用臭氧射流曝气耦合超声,探讨了操作因素对溶解O3含量与传质系数的影响,并利用超声、臭氧射流曝气、臭氧射流曝气耦合超声降解对氯苯甲酸废水。结果表明,臭氧投加量32.38 mg/L,液相、臭氧进气体积流量分别为122、50 L/h时,单独射流曝气的臭氧表观传质系数(K_La)为0.645 min^-1;引入超声后,K_La可达1.289 min^-1,表明射流曝气耦合超声可明显增强臭氧的传质效果,K_La增大了约2倍。射流曝气与超声的协同降解对氯苯甲酸废水的协同因素E可达1.546,两者具有良好的协同协应。射流曝气耦合超声是增强臭氧传质的有效方法,可为后续水处理技术提供技术支撑。     

Assistance of Magnesium Cations on Degradation of Refractory Organic Pollutant by Ozone: Nitrobenzene as Model Compound

Selecting nitrobenzene as a model compound, the assistance of magnesium cations on ozon ation of refractory organic pollutant was investigated in pure water background. It is interesting to find that the presence of magnesium cations with a level of tens of millimoles per liter can obviously increase the degradation and mineralization efficiency of nitrobenzene compared with the case of ozonation alone. At lower pH condition, the magnesium cations still effectively assisted the ozonation of nitrobenzene. Ozone decomposition was accelerated by the presence of magnesium cations. It was confirmed that the presence of magnesium cations promoted the generation of hydroxyl radicals. It was speculated that the formation of hydroxyl group by the deprotonation of the hexaqueous magnesium cations complex Mg[H₂O]₆ ²⁺ promoted the hydroxyl radical formation. However, the promotion was found to be unremarkable and should not be the sole reason for the assistance of magnesium cations on ozonation. The complexation reaction between the hexaqueous magnesium cations complex and carboxylic group may be part of the reason for the magnesium cation- assisted ozonation of organic pollutants. This finding will provide fundamental support for the applications of ozone to treat the concentrated water from membrane filtration which contains both high concentration of magnesium cations and organic pollutants.     

生物质炭吸附及其与O3耦合处理生物质废水

针对我国生物质废水污染问题,建立生物质炭吸附、生物质炭/O3耦合处理生物质废水的工艺,并与O3氧化工艺比较。生物质炭吸附处理生物质废水的工艺中,研究了生物质炭吸附生物质废水中的有机物的吸附平衡曲线,考察了吸附时间、生物质炭投加量、不同炭种对COD脱除率的影响。生物质炭吸附生物质废水中的有机物的吸附平衡曲线符合Langmuir方程,吸附平衡常数为8.833×10-5 L/mg,饱和吸附容量为1.136×106 mg/g;20℃下,生物质炭的投加量为20g/100mL废水,吸附15min,废水相COD值可从12496mg/L降至761mg/L,有机物脱除率可达93.9%。单独O3降解及先O3降解后生物质炭吸附的两步法工艺不适合生物质废水的处理,生物质炭/O3协同的一锅法处理废水效果最佳,在生物质用量仅为1g/100mL废水,臭氧流速为150mL/min,处理时间20min时,COD脱除率高于90%。     

Continuous surface modification process with ultraviolet/ozone for improving interfacial adhesion of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/epoxy composites

This study proposed a continuous UV/ozone surface modification process for the production of polymeric fiber‐reinforced polymer composite. A gas phase photoreactor using the conventional low‐pressure mercury UV lamps and the economically made ozone generators were designed and constructed. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers and epoxy resin were chosen as a reinforcement and a matrix, respectively. The synergistic effects of UV and various gas species (nitrogen, air, oxygen, air/ozone, and oxygen/ozone) exposure as well as the effects of exposure time, i.e., 2, 5, and 10 min, on the morphology and chemistry of PET‐fiber surfaces were investigated by using a scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive x‐ray analysis (SEM/EDX). The tensile testing and analysis of fractography of the resulted composites were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the process. The SEM/EDX results showed that the effects of the treatment were dependent on both the concentration of reactive species present in the gases and the exposure time. The PET fibers treated under UV/O₂ + O₃ exposure for 5 min yielded the resulting composite with the highest tensile strength value. Under this condition, the tensile strength of the composite can be increased up to 63% in comparison with that of the untreated PET fiber/epoxy composite. The results are of interest for application as an in‐line surface modification for composite productions. POLYM. COMPOS., 27:484–490, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers     

油品氧化脱硫技术进展

随着环保法规的日益严格,对油品的质量要求越来越高,油品的超深度脱硫己成为世界范围内急需解决的问题之一。主要综述了双氧水氧化、臭氧氧化、氧气氧化、超声波氧化、光催化氧化、等离子体液相氧化、生物氧化、电化学氧化脱硫技术等氧化脱硫技术,并对氧化脱硫方法与研究方向进行了展望。     

我国废水处理中的高级氧化技术

综述了近年来发展迅速的几种高级氧化技术,主要介绍了Fenton法、臭氧氧化法、湿式氧化技术法、超临界水氧化法、电化学氧化技术及超声氧化法的研究进展,并展望了高级氧化技术在我国的发展方向。     

制药废水处理技术研究进展

制药废水具有成分复杂、浓度高、难降解等特点,针对制药废水的处理难题,本文介绍了国内外近几年来废水处理的一些新技术,如Fenton法、湿式氧化法、光催化氧化法、臭氧氧化法、超声氧化法、微波催化氧化法、超临界水氧化法、电化学法等,并综述了这些高级氧化技术处理制药废水的特点及研究进展。     

高碳烯酸的氧化裂解

高碳烯酸的氧化裂解有多种方法。例如；高锰酸钾氧化、使用钴盐作催化剂的液相催化氧化、臭氧氧化、钌盐氧化、微生物氧化。对不同的氧化方法进行分析，使用乳化技术的钌盐氧化是最经济的氧化方法。     

高级氧化技术机理及在污水处理中的应用

综述了近年来受到广泛关注和应用的高级氧化技术,包括Fenton法、光催化氧化法、O3联合氧化法、湿式氧化法、电化学氧化法以及超临界水氧化法等。介绍了这几种高级氧化技术的原理、特点以及在废水处理领域中的应用进展。     

垃圾渗滤液高级氧化及其组合工艺深度处理研究进展

垃圾渗滤液经过常规的生化处理后难以达到国家的排放标准,高级氧化技术作为深度处理工艺之一日益成为处理的重要方法。目前,垃圾渗滤液深度处理的高级氧化技术主要有臭氧氧化法、电催化氧化法、光催化氧化法、Fenton氧化法、过硫酸盐氧化法、超声氧化法等几种方法。系统阐述了这些高级氧化法的机理以及国内外研究者们的研究成果,比较了各高级氧化技术的优缺点,并对这些技术的研究方向做了展望。最后,介绍了高级氧化技术之间的一些优化组合工艺在垃圾渗滤液深度处理中的研究成果,这些工艺互相协同,在技术和经济上是切实可行的,有望成为垃圾渗滤液深度处理技术工程化的发展方向之一。     

高级氧化技术在印染废水处理中应用的探讨

高级氧化技术是近年来备受人们关注的印染废水处理技术,本文分析了印染废水的基本特征,并就高级氧化技术中的超临界水氧化技术、湿式氧化技术、臭氧氧化技术、电化学氧化技术、Fenton氧化技术、超声波处理技术和光催化氧化技术在印染废水中的应用做了阐述,介绍了各技术的基本原理和应用中优缺点,为高级氧化技术在处理印染废水的实际应用提供了理论依据。     

高级氧化法处理难降解有机废水技术

简要介绍了几种典型的高级氧化技术包括Fenton试剂氧化法、O3氧化法、光催化氧化法、电催化氧化法和湿式氧化法,阐述了它们处理难降解有机废水的反应机理、特点、存在的主要问题及其应用进展,同时展望了各种高级氧化法的发展前景。