浅谈啤酒发酵罐清洗

清洗啤酒发酵罐的CIP工艺直接影响着啤酒厂的效率、发酵操作的总时间、设备利用率、产品质量和成本；而检测CIP清洗剂浓度的有效与否则对洗涤效果有着直接的影响。因此本文来讨论啤酒发酵罐清洗的CIP参数及检测工作对发酵罐清洗效果的影响。     

浅谈发酵罐的清洗

1影响发酵罐清洗效果的因素影响清洗效果的因素有清洗强度、清洗剂温度、清洗剂种类及浓度、清洗时间、发酵罐内壁粗糙度等。1)强度。主要取决于清洗剂的机械能,也即清洗剂喷冲的压力和流量。发酵罐半径3～4m,泵的能力要保证清洗剂喷出洗球的压力达到0.35±0.05MPa,过高时洗球喷射会变成雾状,清洗效果反而下降。管道要保证洗液流速达到2m/s。     

谈谈啤酒发酵罐的清洗和灭菌

发酵罐的微生物状况对啤酒质量影响很大,清洁无菌是啤酒生产中卫生管理的基本要求.良好的CIP系统可以对发酵罐进行有效地清洗.对发酵罐的清洗机理、清洗方法、清洗程序、清洗剂/灭菌剂的选择以及CIP系统的运行质量等问题进行了探讨.     

啤酒发酵罐的清洗和灭菌技术

发酵罐的微生物状况对啤酒质量影响很大,清洁无菌是啤酒生产中卫生管理的基本要求。良好的CIP系统可以对发酵罐进行有效的清洗。本文对发酵罐的清洗机理、清洗方法、清洗程序、清洗剂和灭菌剂的选择以及CIP系统的运行质量等问题进行了探讨。     

大豆肽超滤分离过程膜清洗的研究

大豆肽经超滤分离后,膜被污染,膜通量下降.对膜的清洗进行了简单的探讨,通过对清洗剂、清洗时间、温度3因素的正交实验,确定了最佳的膜清洗条件,即0.5%含酶清洗剂,清洗温度40℃,清洗时间0.5 h.实践表明,大豆肽超滤过程污染的膜用30～40℃温水清洗0.5 h,再用0.5%含酶清洗剂在40℃下清洗0.5 h,再用40～50℃水清洗1 h后,膜通量恢复度达74.63%.     

啤酒生产中发酵液污染杂菌的防治研究(二)--发酵罐CIP清洗与消毒效果的改进

本文针对发酵系统进行卫生监控，进一步了解发酵罐的污染状况，发现啤酒生产中对发酵罐罐体的清洗未达到微生物清洁度是导致发酵液污染杂菌的主要因素。通过发酵罐清洗剂选择、CIP清洗系统和部分设备参数的改进、选择合理的消毒剂、进行CIP清洗流程优化等一系列研究，提高了发酵罐的清洗和消毒效果。     

发酵罐清洗工艺的优化

本文就啤酒酿造过程,在保证清洗质量的前提下,合理分配和利用清洗剂,对发酵罐的清洗工艺进行优化,从而实现效益的最大化,希望对啤酒厂降低能物耗方面有所裨益。     

低温清洗剂RY-322在涤纶针织物中的应用

采用低温清洗剂RY-322对涤纶针织物进行低温清洗,探讨清洗剂用量、清洗温度、时间、清洗pH值对清洗效果的影响,并与传统的保险粉清洗工艺进行对比。结果表明,低温清洗剂RY-322的优化工艺为低温清洗剂RY-322 2.5～3.0 g/L、液碱1.0 g/L、70℃、20 min;低温清洗剂RY-322的清洗温度要比保险粉低10～15℃,色牢度稍有提升,且低温清洗剂RY-322R清洗残液的COD值比保险粉低10%～15%;低温清洗剂RY-322为液体,替代保险粉,完全消除了保险粉遇水燃烧、粉尘飞扬的安全隐患。     

露天发酵罐的清洗和消毒

1.CIP 设备配置及刷洗工艺要求露天发酵罐 CIP 设备一般配置4个罐:水罐、酸性清洗剂罐、碱性清洗剂罐、消毒剂罐。材质一般为1Cr 或0Cr 不锈钢。通常 CIP 罐带有自身清洗装置,同时有排污口,清洗剂或消毒剂出口管不应在罐底部,应在罐底以上10—20cm 处,以免清洗液内的污物进入发酵罐,影响清洗或杀菌效果。发酵罐回收清洗剂或消毒剂时在发酵罐出口或回收罐入口应安装袋式过滤器,以滤掉回收液中的污物     

超滤+纳滤回收甘薯淀粉加工废水中多糖的中试研究

为了探究超滤(UF)+纳滤(NF)组合工艺回收甘薯淀粉加工废水中多糖的技术可行性,通过UF+NF双膜法中试实验,研究了操作压力、进水流量、运行时间对NF膜分离效果的影响,采用正交实验优化了NF膜清洗参数。结果表明:当操作压力为0.2 MPa、进水流量为550 L/h时,UF(60 ku)对蛋白截留率为94.1%。NF最佳运行条件为操作压力0.3 MPa、进水流量450 L/h,运行时间3 h,透过液多糖浓度低于4.8 mg/L,多糖、化学需氧量(COD)截留率分别为98%、85.2%。清洗剂种类、清洗剂浓度、清洗时间对NF膜清洗效果影响显著(p0.01),而清洗温度对NF膜清洗效果影响不显著(p0.05),影响程度大小顺序为清洗时间清洗剂种类清洗剂浓度清洗温度;最优清洗参数时(温度30℃、清洗时间15 min、碱性蛋白酶浓度0.06%),NF膜通量恢复率为92.1%。     

高速纸机的在线清洁

论述了现代化高速纸机从纸机流浆箱至干燥部的在线清洁以及在线清洁在生产过程中的重要性．从工艺的角度结合岳阳纸业股份有限公司“8纸机在线清洗的生产实践,分析探讨了“8纸机在线清洁的控制理念。     

乳制品设备专用清洗剂的研制与应用

乳制品加工企业中设备的清洗是生产中必不可少的部分,传统的化学清洗一般采用碱洗和酸洗的方法,其清洗枯实际应用中存在着各种各样的问题,特别是针对奶牛垢中的焦化物无法有效地清除,且清洗工艺复杂,清洗时间长。ＨＱ－４００乳制品专用清洗剂成功地解决了这一清洗技术上的难题,并已应用于大规模生产;产品具有清洗效果好,工艺简单,清洗时间短,成本低等特点。     

CIP装置

针对啤酒、饮料等行业在CIP装置和清洗工艺上认识不足，作者收集了有关资料，并结合清洗技术方面的实践经验。撰文对CIP装置有关的内容给予了叙述并举例计算。尤其说明了流动洗涤剂清洗管道和缸所需要的流速、流量．还强调了罐内自清洗的意义。提出CIP要按照制定的清洗工艺来进行。另外也涉及到了CIP装置在其它领域中的应用。     

现代过滤器清洁技术必须增加效益和避免环境问题

介绍了Schwing公司用于聚合物纺丝过滤系统组件的清洁工艺和设备,技术要点是采用水解或热解原理,具有增加效益和避免环境问题的优点。     

Visual detection of technical success and effectiveness of teat cleaning in two automatic milking systems

Technical success and effectiveness of teat cleaning and the management factors associated with them were evaluated in 9 automatic milking herds. In total, 616 teats cleaned with a cleaning cup and 716 teats cleaned with rotating brushes were included. Technical success and the effectiveness of teat cleaning, including the location and nature of the dirt, were evaluated visually. On average, 79.9% of teat cleanings with a cleaning cup, and 85.0% of those cleaned with brushes succeeded technically; that is, the teat was correctly positioned in the cleaning device throughout the whole cleaning process. The difference between use of teat cups and brushes was significant. However, because technical success of teat cleaning is strongly dependent on herd characteristics, these results should be interpreted with caution. Factors associated with the technical success of teat cleaning with a cleaning cup were herd, days in milk, behavior of the cow, teat color, and teat location. For rotating brushes, behavior of the cow, teat location, udder and teat structure, and days in milk were associated with technical success. Excessive udder hair and technical failure of the automatic milking machine also caused a few technically unsuccessful teat cleanings with a cleaning cup. Teats with technically successful teat cleanings were evaluated for the effectiveness of teat cleaning. From originally dirty teats, the cleaning cup had a significant advantage over the brushes in the percentage of teats that became clean or almost clean during the cleaning process (79.8 vs. 72.9%). Teat orifices were least effectively cleaned compared with the teat barrel and apex. Bedding material (peat, sawdust, or straw) on the teat was cleaned almost completely. Factors associated with the effectiveness of teat cleaning were teat cleanliness before cleaning, herd, teat cleaning method, and teat condition. The variation among herds indicates the likelihood that herd management factors can be adjusted to improve milking hygiene. There is also a need to improve the precision and effectiveness of the teat cleaning mechanisms of automatic milking systems.     

Pulsed forward flushes as a novel method for cleaning spent grains-loaded filter cloth

This paper presents a novel method to remove spent grains efficiently from filter cloths via pulsed forward flushes. In breweries, mash filters separate liquid wort from solid spent grains, a by-product. These mash filters use woven fabrics made from synthetic materials as filter media. However, rough filter surfaces often hinder the cleaning process. Concerning modern hygienic design principles, filter cloths are only designed for efficient filtration performances, in which cleanability is not considered. Hence, in combination with strongly adhesive spent grains, brewers often reject mash filters. The paper illustrates an experimental parameter variation and a comparison of pulsed with continuous cleaning in respect to their cleaning performance. The results showed that the proposed method is suitable, reaching up to 30% higher cleaning degrees than conventional methods. Furthermore, the technique required up to 50% fewer cleaning fluids and shorter cleaning times, indicating economic and ecological advantages.     

丝织品超声波清洗技术的研究

针对出土丝织品的特点，设计了适用于出土丝织品清洗的装置，研究了超声波的清洗技术以及超声波清洗丝织品的机理，叙述了使用超声波清洗出土丝织品的方法以及需要解决的问题。通过清洗实验证明：超声波清洗技术是一种新型的物理清洗技术，具有方便、迅速、有效、安全、无污染等优点，是适用于丝织品文物清洗的一种方法。     

ONP/OMG脱墨生产线净化效率的分析研究

介绍了尘埃度的测定方法，分析了广州造纸有限公司两条脱墨生产线各阶段的理论净化效率和实际净化率，指出了主要设备，特别是精选设备的对提高净化效率和净化率的重要作用。     

瓶装酸奶生产过程中的包装质量控制

瓶装酸奶的瓶子是回收后清洗重复使用的,清洗不当会给消费者健康造成威胁并引起消费者投诉。介绍了瓶子清洗程序、提高洗瓶合格率的措施,及清洗过程中出现异常情况所采取的处理措施。     

不同清洗方式下克氏原螯虾肉细菌群落及理化性质的变化

该研究探讨了克氏原螯虾的三种清洗预处理方式（清洗剂清洗,CA;超声波清洗,UL;清洗剂结合超声清洗,CA+UL;对照组,CK）对克氏原螯虾虾肉的细菌群落以及理化性质的影响。测定了清洗前后小龙虾虾肉菌落总数、假单胞菌、霉菌酵母、嗜温菌、嗜冷菌、pH、质构特性和风味物质的变化。结果表明,CA+UL处理组减菌效果最好,清洗后菌落总数减少1.12 lg CFU/g,对霉菌酵母,产硫化菌,嗜冷菌也有较好的抑制效果,分别减少了0.66、0.9、0.82 lg CFU/g。而CA组与UL组对于霉菌、嗜温菌等细菌减少的效果不太明显,且清洗后虾肉pH有所上升;而CA+UL组pH变化不大;经过清洗后的虾肉品质整体有略微下降。不同清洗方式对挥发性物质也有较大的影响,产生了N-甲基异丙基胺等不良气味风味物质。因此,结合虾肉细菌群落结果与理化性质来看,超声波与清洗剂结合清洗的效果更优。