基于快速极限学习机和差分进化的机场噪声预测模型

该文针对传统机场噪声预测模型存在的建模成本高、实用性差的不足,引入时间序列相空间重构理论,提出一种新的基于快速极限学习机和差分进化算法的机场噪声一体化预测模型。该模型利用相空间重构理论对机场噪声时间序列进行重构,并使用快速极限学习机对重构的相空间矢量进行学习建模,同时采用改进的差分进化算法实现对重构参数和模型参数的同步优化选择,整个建模过程简洁高效,无需人工干预。实验结果表明,该一体化预测模型能较好地跟踪机场噪声的变化趋势,且具有较同类模型更小的预测误差。     

基于边缘定向扩散方程的图像复原方法

讨论了光学图像中同时存在噪声与模糊时的复原问题。采用一种能根据边缘方向自适应选取扩散系数的各向异性扩散方程来约束复原后的图像的光滑性质,将其和图像复原模型一起使用,得到了一种图像复原的正则化模型,并利用Eluer方程将该模型转换成一种可以快速求解的各向异性非线性扩散模型。在光滑性约束项的构造上,构造了一种基于边缘定向扩散的各向异性张量型扩散方程,能有效地根据边缘的方向确定是增强边缘还是滤除噪声。相比图像复原的迭代正则化方法,新方法能在复原图像的同时有效地抑制噪声,并有效地减轻边缘处的振铃效应。数值计算结果表明,新方法在整幅图像的复原效果上明显强于迭代正则化方法,尤其在对背景噪声的抑制上效果更明显,峰值信噪比（PSNR）也比迭代正则化方法平均提高了约2dB。     

Reconstruction of nonuniformly sampled images in spline spaces.

This paper presents a novel approach to the reconstruction of images from nonuniformly spaced samples. This problem is often encountered in digital image processing applications. Nonrecursive video coding with motion compensation, spatiotemporal interpolation of video sequences, and generation of new views in multicamera systems are three possible applications. We propose a new reconstruction algorithm based on a spline model for images. We use regularization, since this is an ill-posed inverse problem. We minimize a cost function composed of two terms: one related to the approximation error and the other related to the smoothness of the modeling function. All the processing is carried out in the space of spline coefficients; this space is discrete, although the problem itself is of a continuous nature. The coefficients of regularization and approximation filters are computed exactly by using the explicit expressions of B-spline functions in the time domain. The regularization is carried out locally, while the computation of the regularization factor accounts for the structure of the nonuniform sampling grid. The linear system of equations obtained is solved iteratively. Our results show a very good performance in motion-compensated interpolation applications.     

Super resolution image reconstruction through bregman iteration using morphologic regularization

Multiscale morphological operators are studied extensively in the literature for image processing and feature extraction purposes. In this paper, we model a nonlinear regularization method based on multiscale morphology for edge-preserving super resolution (SR) image reconstruction. We formulate SR image reconstruction as a deblurring problem and then solve the inverse problem using Bregman iterations. The proposed algorithm can suppress inherent noise generated during low-resolution image formation as well as during SR image estimation efficiently. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed regularization and reconstruction method for SR image.     

一种新的时滞神经网络非线性时间序列预测方法

基于相空间重构的非线性预测思想,建立一个时滞的BP神经网络模型,采用贝叶斯正则化方法提高BP网络的泛化能力,区别于一般的预测方法,非线性预测不仅注重数据拟合和精度改进,而且能够反映被预测系统的非线性特征。将该模型应用于某电子行业进出口贸易非线性时间序列的预测,结果证明改进的模型具有较好的泛化能力,准确拟合了进出口贸易发展的历史值和趋势。并在分析模型预测精度的同时,通过计算拟合序列和原序列的非线性特征量进行模型评价,证实预测模型能够合理地“捕捉”到产生原序列的非线性系统的动力学特征。     

A neural network image reconstruction technique for electrical impedance tomography

Reconstruction of images in electrical impedance tomography requires the solution of a nonlinear inverse problem on noisy data. This problem is typically ill-conditioned and requires either simplifying assumptions or regularization based on a priori knowledge. The authors present a reconstruction algorithm using neural network techniques which calculates a linear approximation of the inverse problem directly from finite element simulations of the forward problem. This inverse is adapted to the geometry of the medium and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) used during network training. Results show good conductivity reconstruction where measurement SNR is similar to the training conditions. The advantages of this method are its conceptual simplicity and ease of implementation, and the ability to control the compromise between the noise performance and resolution of the image reconstruction.     

基于VMD和改进TCN的短期光伏发电功率预测

光伏发电功率存在波动性,且光伏出力易受各种气象特征影响,传统TCN网络容易过度强化空间特性而弱化个体特性。针对上述问题,文中提出一种基于VMD和改进TCN的短期光伏发电功率预测模型。通过VMD将原始光伏发电功率时间序列分解为若干不同频率的模态分量,将各个模态分量以及相对应的气象数据输入至改进TCN网络进行建模学习。利用中心频率法确定VMD的最优分解模态分解个数。在传统TCN预测模型的基础上,使用DropBlock正则化取代Dropout正则化以达到抑制卷积层中信息协同的效果,并引入注意力机制自主挖掘并突出关键气象输入特征的影响,量化各气象因素对光伏发电的影响,从而提高预测精度。以江苏省某光伏电站真实数据为例进行仿真实验,结果表明所提预测方法的RMSE为0.62 MW,MAPE为2.03%。     

基于注意力机制的全海深声速剖面预测方法

海水中的声速剖面具有明显的时间演化特性,其预测问题可以看作一个非线性的时间序列预测问题.解决此类问题的常用方法大多使用预定义的非线性形式,无法捕捉真正潜在的非线性关系.循环神经网络作为一种为序列建模特别设计的深度神经网络,在捕捉非线性关系上具有极大的灵活性,在非线性自回归的时间序列预测这一问题上展现了它的有效性;注意力...     

Globally convergent edge-preserving regularized reconstruction: anapplication to limited-angle tomography

We introduce a generalization of a deterministic relaxation algorithm for edge-preserving regularization in linear inverse problems. This algorithm transforms the original (possibly nonconvex) optimization problem into a sequence of quadratic optimization problems, and has been shown to converge under certain conditions when the original cost functional being minimized is strictly convex. We prove that our more general algorithm is globally convergent (i.e., converges to a local minimum from any initialization) under less restrictive conditions, even when the original cost functional is nonconvex. We apply this algorithm to tomographic reconstruction from limited-angle data by formulating the problem as one of regularized least-squares optimization. The results demonstrate that the constraint of piecewise smoothness, applied through the use of edge-preserving regularization, can provide excellent limited-angle tomographic reconstructions. Two edge-preserving regularizers-one convex, the other nonconvex-are used in numerous simulations to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm under various limited-angle scenarios, and to explore how factors, such as the choice of error norm, angular sampling rate and amount of noise, affect the reconstruction quality and algorithm performance. These simulation results show that for this application, the nonconvex regularizer produces consistently superior results.     

A signal processing framework based on dynamic neural networks withapplication to problems in adaptation, filtering, andclassification

We present a coherent neural net based framework for solving various signal processing problems. It relies on the assertion that time-lagged recurrent networks possess the necessary representational capabilities to act as universal approximators of nonlinear dynamical systems. This applies to system identification, time-series prediction, nonlinear filtering, adaptive filtering, and temporal pattern classification. We address the development of models of nonlinear dynamical systems, in the form of time-lagged recurrent neural nets, which can be used without further training. We employ a weight update procedure based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF). Against the tendency for a net to forget earlier learning as it processes new examples, we develop a technique called multistream training. We demonstrate our framework by applying it to 4 problems. First, we show that a single time-lagged recurrent net can be trained to produce excellent one-time-step predictions for two different time series and also to be robust to severe errors in the input sequence. Second, we model stably a complex system containing significant process noise. The remaining two problems are drawn from real-world automotive applications. One involves input-output modeling of the dynamic behavior of a catalyst-sensor system which is exposed to an operating engine's exhaust stream, the other the real-time and continuous detection of engine misfire     

基于混沌理论与改进回声状态网络的网络流量多步预测

网络流量预测是网络管理及网络拥塞控制的重要问题,针对该问题提出一种基于混沌理论与改进回声状态网络的网络流量预测方法。首先利用0-1混沌测试法与最大Lyapunov指数法对不同时间尺度下的网络流量样本数据进行分析,确定网络流量在不同时间尺度下都具有混沌特性。将相空间重构技术引入网络流量预测,通过C-C方法确定延迟时间,G-P算法确定嵌入维数。对网络流量时间序列进行相空间重构之后,利用一种改进的回声状态网络进行网络流量的多步预测。提出一种改进的和声搜索优化算法对回声状态网络的相关参数进行优化以提高预测精度。利用网络流量的公共数据集以及实际数据进行了仿真,结果表明,提出的预测方法具有更高的预测精度以及更小的预测误差。     

人工神经网络非线性背景下物联网技术社区时序预测的应用研究

社区时序数据建模是世界各国的学者研究的新型热点课题,人工神经网络环境下复杂非线性物联网技术社区时序数据系统得到了海量实践的应用。本课题对非线性物联网技术社区时序数据预测神经网络中存在的几个瓶颈进行分析探讨,基于提出人工神经网络非线性视角下物联网技术社区时序数据预测中的应用研究来优化预测神经网络环境下中的瓶颈。因此,通过人工神经网络社区数据的仿真实验表明该算法的高效性和实用性。     

Generation of anisotropic-smoothness regularization filters for EIT

In the inverse conductivity problem, as in any ill-posed inverse problem, regularization techniques are necessary in order to stabilize inversion. A common way to implement regularization in electrical impedance tomography is to use Tikhonov regularization. The inverse problem is formulated as a minimization of two terms: the mismatch of the measurements against the model, and the regularization functional. Most commonly, differential operators are used as regularization functionals, leading to smooth solutions. Whenever the imaged region presents discontinuities in the conductivity distribution, such as interorgan boundaries, the smoothness prior is not consistent with the actual situation. In these cases, the reconstruction is enhanced by relaxing the smoothness constraints in the direction normal to the discontinuity. In this paper, we derive a method for generating Gaussian anisotropic regularization filters. The filters are generated on the basis of the prior structural information, allowing a better reconstruction of conductivity profiles matching these priors. When incorporating prior information into a reconstruction algorithm, the risk is of biasing the inverse solutions toward the assumed distributions. Simulations show that, with a careful selection of the regularization parameters, the reconstruction algorithm is still able to detect conductivities patterns that violate the prior information. A generalized singular-value decomposition analysis of the effects of the anisotropic filters on regularization is presented in the last sections of the paper.     

基于注意力循环网络的4D轨迹预测模型

针对传统的轨迹预测方法很难获取轨迹的时空特征、实现高精度和实时预测等问题,提出了一种基于注意力机制的4D轨迹预测模型ARTP(Attentional Recurrent Trajectory Prediction).首先,采用正则化方法对各飞行轨迹进行重构,得到等时间间隔的无噪声高质量飞行轨迹;其次,使用长短期记忆(L...     

基于各向异性扩散方程的图像对比度增强方法

讨论了光学图像中同时存在噪声与模糊时的对比度增强问题.构造了一种基于边缘定向扩散的各向异性非线性扩散方程来作为图像的光滑约束项,并根据模糊后的图像在边缘处相对清晰图像具有较大误差的事实,构造增强图像与原图像之间的非均匀逼近项,将此两项通过正则化参数联系起来,得到了一种图像对比度增强的正则化模型,并利用Euler方程将该模型转换成一种可以快速求解的各向异性非线性扩散模型.该模型能在抑制噪声的同时增强图像的边缘,在模型的解算上也不存在大型矩阵的存储与运算问题.数值计算结果表明,新方法适合于多种形式的模糊和不同程度的噪声污染,相对现有方法具有更好的边缘锐化能力和更高的清晰度,峰值信噪比比现有方法提高了1～2 dB,边缘保护指数也比现有方法有较大提高.     

对角型广义RBF神经网络与非线性时间序列预测

径向基函数（RBF）神经网络在非线性时间序列预测方面发挥着重要作用。本文提出了对角型广义RBF神经网络模型,并利用贝叶斯阴阳（BYY)谐和学习算法进行隐层单元个数的选择和参数初始值的设置,且建立了同步LMS算法进行参数学习。进一步,将对角型广义RBF神经网络应用于非线性时间序列预测,得到了预测准确率高和速度快的效果。      

A distributed robotic control system based on a temporal self-organizing neural network

A distributed robot control system is proposed based on a temporal self-organizing neural network, called competitive and temporal Hebbian (CTH) network. The CTH network can learn and recall complex trajectories by means of two sets of synaptic weights, namely, competitive feedforward weights that encode the individual states of the trajectory and Hebbian lateral weights that encode the temporal order of trajectory states. Complex trajectories contain repeated or shared states which are responsible for ambiguities that occur during trajectory reproduction. Temporal context information are used to resolve such uncertainties. Furthermore, the CTH network saves memory space by maintaining only a single copy of each repeated/shared state of a trajectory and a redundancy mechanism improves the robustness of the network against noise and faults. The distributed control scheme is evaluated in point-to-point trajectory control tasks using a PUMA 560 robot. The performance of the control system is discussed and compared with other unsupervised and supervised neural network approaches. We also discuss the issues of stability and convergence of feedforward and lateral learning schemes.     

Analysis of Penalized Likelihood Image Reconstruction for Dynamic PET Quantification

Quantification of tracer kinetics using dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) provides important information for understanding the physiological and biochemical processes in humans and animals. A common procedure is to reconstruct a sequence of dynamic images first, and then apply kinetic analysis to the time activity curve of a region of interest derived from the reconstructed images. Obviously, the choice of image reconstruction method and its parameters affect the accuracy of the time activity curve and hence the estimated kinetic parameters. This paper analyzes the effects of penalized likelihood image reconstruction on tracer kinetic parameter estimation. Approximate theoretical expressions are derived to study the bias, variance, and ensemble mean squared error of the estimated kinetic parameters. Computer simulations show that these formulae predict correctly the changes of these statistics as functions of the regularization parameter. It is found that the choice of the regularization parameter has a significant impact on kinetic parameter estimation, indicating proper selection of image reconstruction parameters is important for dynamic PET. A practical method has been developed to use the theoretical formulae to guide the selection of the regularization parameter in dynamic PET image reconstruction.      

移动场景下的智能信道预测方法

针对无线通信信道估计老化问题,本文提出了一种基于卷积神经网络的信道预测方法,该方法通过联合轨迹预测和信道重构实现。首先,采用卷积神经网络学习从规划路线和移动终端所在位置到移动方向映射,进而预测出轨迹上多个目标位置;其次,采用卷积神经网络学习从目标位置附近K个位置项的信道,到目标位置信道间映射,用于实现预测轨迹的信道估计。本文利用Wireless InSite为移动方向预测和信道重构模型的训练及测试生成充足的样本,包括规划路线和通过射线跟踪方法获取的信道等。仿真结果表明,本文所提出的方法能有效地估计目标位置的信道特性,与K值较小的K-近邻插值方法和基于全连接神经网络的信道预测方法相比,其信道估计总相对误差更低且鲁棒性较好。