An Interactive Debugging Environment

A Forthinspired debug language, Fifth, provides an environment in which testing and debugging time is signifcantly reduced.     

Lyra: An Interactive Visualization Design Environment

We present Lyra, an interactive environment for designing customized visualizations without writing code. Using drag‐and‐drop interactions, designers can bind data to the properties of graphical marks to author expressive visualization designs. Marks can be moved, rotated and resized using handles; relatively positioned using connectors; and parameterized by data fields using property drop zones. Lyra also provides a data pipeline interface for iterative, visual specification of data transformations and layout algorithms. Visualizations created with Lyra are represented as specifications in Vega, a declarative visualization grammar that enables sharing and reuse. We evaluate Lyra's expressivity and accessibility through diverse examples and studies with journalists and visualization designers. We find that Lyra enables users to rapidly develop customized visualizations, covering a design space comparable to existing programming‐based tools.     

An Incremental Programming Environment

This paper describes an incremental programming environment (IPE) based on compilation technology, but providing facilities traditionally found only in interpretive systems. IPE provides a comfortable environment for a single programmer working on a single program.     

NEWTON: An Interactive Environment for Exploring Mathematics

We have developed a unique computational environment for use in teaching introductory mathematics. Our system, calledNewton, runs on Macintosh computers and consists of a user-friendly interface to the symbolic mathematics package Maple, supplemented by an extensive library of our own Maple code. Formulas are easily constructed and modified, appearing like those in textbooks; multiple windows allow users to see and work with several formulas at once. Formulas, graphs, and text can be intermixed in collapsible sections on worksheets. Users do not interact with Maple directly and need know nothing of Maple's syntax and command structure. Mathematical operations are selected from menus, with the added bonus that this makes it possible to document solutions. Originally designed for use in conjunction with the two semester introductory calculus sequence, the system has been extended for multivariate and vector calculus, linear algebra, numerical analysis, and differential equations.     

An Integrated Graphics Programming Environment

The facilities of the PS-algol programming language are described in this paper to show how they may be used to provide an integrated graphics programming environment. The persistent store mechanism and the secure transaction facilities of the language provide the basic environment in which an integrated system may be implemented. This is augmented by data types and operations to support line drawings and raster graphics. The combination of these mechanisms may be used to provide the integrated graphics programming environment.     

C语言的交互式宏编辑技术

提高程序设计和编译效率是计算机科学的一个普遍性问题，本文介绍了将Ｃ语言的词法单位－标识定义为扩展键盘宏的方法，并讨论了交互式宏编辑技术在编程和编译方面的显著优点。     

EXPRESS并行编程环境

本文详细介绍了基于消息传送的并行程序开发环境EXPRESS 的系统结构和主要功能,指出了它存在的一些问题。     

Programming Languages For Interactive Computing

Traditional programming languages are algorithmic: they are best suited to writing programs that acquire all their inputs before executing and only produce a result on termination. By contrast most applications are interactive: they maintain ongoing interactions with their environments. Modern systems address this incompatibility by manually extending the execution model of the host language to support interaction, usually by embedding an event-driven state management scheme which executes fragments of imperative code in response to interactions, the job of each executed fragment being to restore the internal consistency of the computation. The downside of this approach to interaction is that it relies heavily on mutable stores and side-effects and mixes application logic in with behaviour which is more properly the responsibility of an execution model. I describe a programming model called declarative interaction which supports interaction directly. The distinguishing feature of the model is its modal construal of state and interaction.     

The Inevitable Cycle: Graphical Tools and Programming Paradigms

Each time the idea of designing software with graphical tools becomes popular, a transition to a new, more powerful programming paradigm makes these tools obsolete. If this observation is correct, the Unified Modeling Language's current popularity indicates we're approaching the next major paradigm shift.     

QOCA: A Constraint Solving Toolkit for Interactive Graphical Applications

We describe an object-oriented constraint solving toolkit, QOCA, designed for interactive graphical applications. It has a simple yet powerful interface based on the metric space model for constraint manipulation. In this model interaction with the constraint solver can occur in three ways: a constraint may be added, a constraint may be deleted, or values for designated edit variables may be suggested. Currently, QOCA supports linear arithmetic constraints and two different metrics: the square of the Euclidean distance and Manhattan distance. It provides three solvers, all of which rely on keeping the constraints in solved form and relies on novel algorithms for efficient resolving of constraints during direct manipulation. We provide a thorough evaluation of QOCA, both of the interface design and the speed of constraint solving.     

P-GRADE: A Grid Programming Environment

P-GRADE provides a high-level graphical environment to develop parallel applications transparently both for parallel systems and the Grid. P-GRADE supports the interactive execution of parallel programs as well as the creation of a Condor, Condor-G or Globus job to execute parallel programs in the Grid. In P-GRADE, the user can generate either PVM or MPI code according to the underlying Grid where the parallel application should be executed. PVM applications generated by P-GRADE can migrate between different Grid sites and as a result P-GRADE guarantees reliable, fault-tolerant parallel program execution in the Grid. The GRM/PROVE performance monitoring and visualisation toolset has been extended towards the Grid and connected to a general Grid monitor (Mercury) developed in the EU GridLab project. Using the Mercury/GRM/PROVE Grid application monitoring infrastructure any parallel application launched by P-GRADE can be remotely monitored and analysed at run time even if the application migrates among Grid sites. P-GRADE supports workflow definition and co-ordinated multi-job execution for the Grid. Such workflow management can provide parallel execution at both inter-job and intra-job level. Automatic checkpoint mechanism for parallel programs supports the migration of parallel jobs inside the workflow providing a fault-tolerant workflow execution mechanism. The paper describes all of these features of P-GRADE and their implementation concepts.     

基于VRML-JAVA的网络交互式虚拟装配环境构建

虚拟现实建模语言(VRML)作为构建网络虚拟现实的国际标准,其应用得到了越来越多的关注。该文讨论了VRML虚拟场景与外界交互的手段和方法,着重研究了通过VRML外部编程接口EAI利用Java Applet来实现交互式网络虚拟装配环境的方法和实现过程,并给出了运行实例,通过该平台可以实现异地设计信息交流。     

A Systematic Approach to Interactive Programming

Designed for program development in an interactive environment, this framework can help create a new generation of programmers with an invaluable disciplined approach to software development.     

单片机的图形化编程方法探讨

单片机可以用汇编语言编程,也可以用高级语言C、Basic编程,也可以用图形化语言编程。工业控制中普遍采用可编程控制器,其CPU模块内的微控制器往往是普通的单片机,而可编程控制器可以梯形图编程,或者用流程图编程。现在的智能教育机器人控制器均用单片机,而这些机器人的编程大多支持流程图编程。上海广茂达电子信息有限公司的能力风暴系列机器人采用VJC可视化流程图与C语言编程;     

面向儿童的图形化编程语言和工具

针对现有的面向儿童的编程工具在图形化表示、交互设计等方面存在的不足,以及没有专门面向中国儿童的编程工具的问题,提出一种面向儿童的图形化编程范式和图形语言的描述方式,设计实现了适合8～14岁中国儿童使用的图形化编程语言和编程工具.以儿童用户的特点为核心,设计了10类图形化编程块,从逻辑层、物理层和数据接口层对编程块的属性进行多元组描述;根据图形化编程块的形状语义和功能定义图形化编程语言的语法规则,采用笔式交互技术为儿童设计实现了一个简单易用的编程工具,最后通过2个实例并结合初步用户评估实验,验证了该图形化编程工具的可用性.     

交互式图像辅助三维复杂曲面数控自动编程系统

本文介绍一个简单、实用的复杂曲面三坐标数控自动编程系统的设计原理和实现方法。该系统在微机上运行,具有交互式的图像辅助功能,能有效地解决复杂曲面的数控加工编程问题,对推广CAD/CAM技术具有一定的实际意义。     

An Interactive Reference Direction Algorithm For Solving Multi-Objective Convex Nonlinear Integer Programming Problems

We present a learning-oriented interactive reference direction algorithm for solving multi-objective convex nonlinear integer programming problems. At each iteration the decision-maker (DM) sets his/her preferences as aspiration levels of the objective functions. The modified aspiration point and the solution found at the previous iteration define the reference direction. Based on the reference direction, we formulate a mixed-integer scalarizing problem with specific properties. By solving this problem approximately, we find one or more integer solutions located close to the efficient surface. At some iteration (usually at the last iteration), the DM may want to solve the scalarizing problem to obtain an exact (weak) efficient solution. Based on the proposed algorithm, we have developed a research-decision support system that includes one exact and one heuristic algorithm. Using this system, we illustrate the proposed algorithm with an example, and report some computational results.