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1.
We estimate the economic benefits of Saginaw Bay coastal marsh with the travel cost and contingent valuation methods. The travel cost method is based on revealed preferences: actual recreation behavior. Using a sample of the general population of Michigan and Michigan hunting and fishing license holders we find that Saginaw Bay recreation site selection is negatively related to travel cost and positively related to wetland acreage. The contingent valuation method is based on stated preferences: answers to hypothetical survey questions. We find that willingness-to-pay is negatively related to marsh protection cost and positively related to income and environmental organization membership. Using a combination of theory and empirical results we argue that revealed and stated preference methods are complementary when estimating the total value of coastal marsh. The present value of each acre of coastal marsh is $1870 for the purpose of recreation. The present value to recreation nonusers adds $551 per acre. The total present value of each acre of coastal marsh could be as high as $2421.  相似文献   

2.
    
Determining the value of environmental goods that impact human populations, such as potable water, is often highly problematic. The all‐too‐common lack of realistic markets for the provisioning of these goods necessitates the use of nonmarket valuation techniques. Contingent valuation surveys are often an appropriate method, thanks to their ability to value hypothetical changes and nonuse values, and their limited prior data requirements. When properly implemented, contingent valuation surveys can estimate the maximum willingness to pay of surveyed individuals, allowing the value of the environmental good to be accurately measured. An analysis of the extant body of contingent valuation studies of rural potable water systems in developing and emerging countries indicates that rural water consumers are willing to pay, often substantially, for the creation of a potable water system or for improvements to existing system. Studies involving changes to existing potable water system, through improving an existing system for greater reliability or sustainability, showed a high degree of consistency in respondents' willingness to pay estimates as a percentage of income or current water tariff. Higher incomes, higher levels of education and youth, among other characteristics, were found to be positively correlated with higher willingness to pay estimates. Future contingent valuation studies focusing on improving comparability through greater methodological consistency, and addressing the impact of community power dynamics, intercommunal cleavages, and subsidies could be especially productive. This article is categorized under:
  • Human Water > Value of Water
  • Engineering Water > Planning Water
  • Human Water > Water Governance
  相似文献   

3.
研究从\"谁保护,谁受益\"、\"谁使用,谁付费\"、\"谁污染,谁负责\"的角度出发,综合考虑生态保护总成本法、水资源价值法和水质补偿赔偿法的优点,确立了基于水量、水质修正系数的饮用水源保护区生态补偿标准核算方法,并以杨木水库为例估算了用水地区对杨木水库生活饮用水源保护区所在地的生态补偿额度:16 746.06万元/年,即用水地区每年向水源保护区所在地支付16 746.06万元作为生态补偿资金。所建核算方法避免了传统方法仅考虑单一因素的计算,较为全面的反映生活饮用水源保护区生态补偿的实际情况,对生态补偿机制的建立具有一定参考作用。  相似文献   

4.
分析现状水利工程供水量及供水价格,借鉴其它省水利工程水资源费征收标准,拟定辽宁省征收标准方案.对各方案进行测算,分析各行业的承受能力,提出水利工程水资源费的征收标准推荐方案.  相似文献   

5.
Nogales, Sonora, on the US–Mexico border, employs interbasin water and wastewater transfers to address water scarcity in the context of a rising population, a warming climate, and cross-border institutional asymmetries. A unique feature of its geography and border context is Nogales's export of wastewater both north to the US and, starting with the August 2012 commissioning of a strategically positioned wastewater treatment plant, south to the Alisos basin, which is its principal drinking-water source. Thus, when the new plant is fully operational, it will result in indirect potable reuse of effluent via recharge of the source-water aquifer. This paper finds that such strategies contribute to increased water scarcity in Nogales, and to detrimental health, livelihood and environmental impacts in the source basin, thus raising questions about interbasin transfers as a principal water management strategy.  相似文献   

6.
    
We developed a methodology to assess the economic value of forested watersheds to improve water quality for public supplies. The interdisciplinary approach required collaboration between economists, municipal water managers, regional growth planners, hydrologic and water quality modelers. Data used in this project were derived from federal, state and local entities. We used regional growth projections with linked watershed and reservoir simulation models and cost‐based valuation economics. Additional treatment cost to comply with Safe Drinking Water Act regulations was calculated using volume treated and simulated total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations. Simulated base TOC concentrations (3 percent urban) were compared with TOC concentrations predicted by 2020 (22 percent urban). Mean increase in daily treatment costs ranged from $91 to $95 per km2 per day. The developed methodology is applicable to other watersheds to estimate water purification ecosystem services and is recommended for use in future interdisciplinary modeling courses.  相似文献   

7.
改进的PCA法在疏勒河流域水库水质评价中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
疏勒河流域属极端干旱荒漠气候,水资源的形成和赋存较为困难、水生态环境脆弱。为了加强对流域水资源的定量分析,提高水资源利用效率、更合理地开发利用有限的水资源,研究利用结合地表水环境质量标准的主成分分析法、选取流域内上、中、下游3个水库的典型断面从时间和空间角度进行水质评价研究,在去除监测项目中的重复信息得到的水质评价结果有:1997年之前双塔水库属I类水质,1997年后由于水库受水量减少和进入水体的污染物载荷量增大致使水质下降到Ⅱ、Ⅲ类,2000年以后水质基本维持在Ⅱ类左右,水质符合生活饮用、工业应用、农业灌溉、渔业养殖、景观娱乐等用水标准。2000年之后党河水库水质在I、Ⅱ类之间,水库上游人口稀少、敦煌市排污口在水库下游致使水体受到的点源污染较少,基本为非点源污染。2000年以来,赤金峡水库水质为Ⅴ类,因为玉门市排污口在赤金峡水库上游严重影响了水库水质,因此,加强石油河的污染治理及控制该河流上的点源污染刻不容缓。  相似文献   

8.
漳泽水库水质污染状况与治理对策   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
漳泽水库是山西省境内海河流域的一座大型水库。建库45年来,在发挥巨大的社会效益和经济效益的同时,也积淀起沉重的历史包袱:水质污染超标,库区淤积严重.供水质量降低等。文中讨论了漳泽水库水质污染相关问题与对策。  相似文献   

9.
为合理制定流域水价,加强流域水资源统一管理,提高水资源节约利用水平,促进水资源可持续利用,对水环境与经济社会产生的关系进行综合考量;在核算太湖流域2010年水资源的基础上,分别利用基于防护费用的评估方法和基于损害的水环境退化估价方法,计算分析2010年太湖流域水环境退化成本。结果表明:对污染物进行源头治理不仅是出于对环境保护的考虑,更是尽可能地降低水环境退化成本、避免经济损失的最佳选择。水环境退化分析为合理制定水价及水资源统一管理提供了重要参考。  相似文献   

10.
应用离差平方法进行梯级水库补偿效益分摊   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
梯级水库补偿效益分摊有单指标方法和综合方法,单指标方法具有片面性,常用的综合方法都需要借助专家决策确定权重,具有一定的主观性.文中采用离差平方法进行梯级水库补偿效益分摊,减少了单指标方法的和部分综合方法的主观性.通过实例分析,该方法是一种简单有效的分摊系数计算方法.  相似文献   

11.
蔷薇河承担着连云港市城区生活、生产与生态等水源供给任务,同时也是沿线农业生产的重要水源。长期以来受农村农业面源污染、酸洗石英砂点源污染等因素影响,蔷薇河水质不稳定,尤其是高锰酸盐指数、氟化物等易发超标,水质改善难度较大。本文在统计梳理蔷薇河2018—2019年水质监测数据的基础上,系统分析了蔷薇河沿程水质变化情况及水质超标原因,并结合河长制工作实践,针对性地提出了改善蔷薇河水质的若干建议,以期为改善蔷薇河水质提供有益借鉴。  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

There has been a noticeable increase in the amount of pollution in water resources in Turkey in recent years. Negative environmental developments, such as industrialization, increasing urbanization, improper pesticide and fertilizer applications in agricultural lands, and the drainage of domestic and industrial wastewater into water resources without any waste treatment applications, cause rapid pollution of both surface and groundwater resources. Therefore, it is necessary to allocate more attention to water resources monitoring and evaluation studies to prevent the pollution of water resources, and to reclaim these resources.  相似文献   

13.
水质距离评价法是水质综合评价方法的一种,它将水质评价问题转化成度量空间中各点之间相对距离的问题,原理简单,评价结果精确.本文采用该方法对潭江干流三个断面和全河段水质进行综合分析评价,结果表明,潭江干流总体水质较好,符合国家地面水Ⅱ类水标准,但部分监测断面处溶解氧、氨氮、总磷等超标.  相似文献   

14.
李建国  贾冬梅 《人民珠江》2023,44(3):124-131
近年来随着农业水价综合改革的不断深入,各地区均取得一些令人瞩目的成果。水价改革的关键在于构建科学合理的农业水价形成机制。在深入分析农业水价影响因素后,认为水资源禀赋条件、用户承受能力、供水成本以及成本水价的合理分摊是影响终端农业水价构成的关键因素,为获得更加合理的终端水价,笔者将上述因素纳入计算模型中对终端水价进行了修正。在此基础上,以某县农业水价综合改革试点为例,实例测算了试点区终端运行成本水价、全成本水价及两部制水价。与现状灌溉水价相比,不同年型下计算所得终端水价均高于现状,考虑在试点改革初期,建议可先将供水价格提高到运行成本水平,以保证水利工程正常运行所需的合理经费,后期随着农业水价综合改革的不断深入,再逐步将供水价格标准提升至全成本水平,从而更好地发挥价格机制的经济杠杆作用。  相似文献   

15.
生态混凝土对富营养化水源地水质改善效果   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
考察了生态混凝土对太湖梅梁湾水源地水质改善效果。中试结果表明:生态混凝土对TN、TP、CODMn、Chla的平均去除率分别为36.1%、53.8%、22.9%、55.5%,对总藻毒素和胞外藻毒素的去除率在27.4%~38.9%之间。通过生态混凝土可使水体的富营养状况有所降低,水质等级有所提高,对富营养化水源地水质有较明显的改善。  相似文献   

16.
原阳县地下水分为浅层水、中深层水和深层水,分析了三种地下水的分布情况、水质状况和存在的问题,尤其是浅层水总硬度含量超标的问题。经过计算,适合开采利用的中深层地下水允许开采量约为3万m3/d。提出了原阳县水源地开采和水资源保护的对策:建立健全水源地的保护机制,建立卫生防护带,制定水源地生产井的施工工艺,做好水源地开采监测工作等。  相似文献   

17.
该文简述了可持续发展理论的由来,涵义及基本原则,认为人类开发,利用水资源应当按照可持续发展的基本原则行事;分析探讨了水资源时空分布不均和干旱灾害对我国社会经济发展的不利影响,提出了作为缓冲资源存在的环境用水问题,认为特别需要警惕那种持续时间长,干旱度大的旱灾;阐述了建设节水型农业的重要意义,提出建立水本位,引入水当量和水当值概念,并建议将其纳入国民经济统计体系,以促进节水型国民经济体系的建立和发展  相似文献   

18.
为探究新沟河工程应急调水的相关问题,评估工程实际调度效果,基于新沟河工程应急调水试验期间实测水量水质数据,采用水质综合污染指数法,引入水质改善系数、类别变化指数等分析评估了新沟河工程沿线水质对引水的响应规律。结果表明:调水试验期间新沟河西支分流比为0.30~0.59,受到西支分流的影响,新沟河东支入太湖日均流量占新沟河日均引江流量的9%~22%,长江来水对京杭运河以南东支的影响时间约为西直湖港北枢纽开启并持续引水3 d后;干流水质改善效果与本底水质以及断面距离来水水源的远近有关,本底综合污染指数较大的断面,其最大水质改善系数总体较大,当断面本底水质状况接近时,距离来水水源较近的断面水质改善系数较大。  相似文献   

19.
随着工业化与城市化不断深化,流域开发对水资源需求总量与质量要求不断提高,但是工业废水、生活污水、禽畜养殖废水等排放量迅速增加,大量未经处理的污废水直接排入周围水体,造成水体利用功能下降,危及水资源安全。在潭江流域水资源调查中发现,目前潭江流域面临着流域发展对资源需求增加与水质下降双重问题,流域饮用水源地优先保护与水资源持续利用已成为潭江流域开发研究的重要内容。通过对潭江流域水资源利用现状、特点与存在问题的分析,提出了水资源持续利用与饮用水源地保护的对策与措施。  相似文献   

20.
引水改善城市河网水质效果评估研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
引水仍是目前改善城市河网水质最常用的方法之一,但引水对河网水质改善的整体效果缺乏统一的评价标准和评估体系。以杭州市江干区为例,构建了一维河网水质模型,模拟了不同的引水水量和水源水质方案下河网水质改善情况;利用水质改善率、类别变化指数和浓度变化指数分析了引水对河网水质的改善效果。结果表明:引水水量对河网水质有一定的改善效果,但随着引水水量的增大,河网水质改善幅度逐渐变小;水源水质的提升对河网水质提高有明显效果,且改善幅度随水质的提升而提高,是影响引水效果的关键因素。  相似文献   

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