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Omar K. M. Ouda 《国际水资源开发杂志》2016,32(5):799-809
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia considers treated wastewater a major water source and aims to achieve 100% use of treated wastewater by 2025. This article reviews Saudi Arabia’s treated wastewater utilization status to date. It also highlights the key challenges facing the authorities, such as the substantial growth in demand for wastewater services; low coverage of the existing wastewater collection, treatment, and treated wastewater use systems; and the capital investment needed for infrastructure development. Finally, the article highlights the initiatives taken thus far to tackle these challenges and recommends further initiatives towards successful achievement of Saudi Arabia’s treated wastewater utilization objective. 相似文献
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Omar K.M. Ouda 《国际水资源开发杂志》2014,30(2):282-292
Saudi Arabia's groundwater resources have been heavily over-exploited to achieve food self-sufficiency. The country enacted a new agricultural policy that discourages the cultivation of wheat and encourages that of vegetables and fruits. This has produced significant reductions in irrigation water demand as well as food self-sufficiency. This paper reviews the performance of the Saudi agricultural sector and presents four scenarios forecasting the new policy's long-term impacts on the use of water for agriculture. The findings show that the new policy does not support sustainable utilization of groundwater resources. Additional policy modifications are needed to optimize the combination of import and domestic production of agricultural products based on a sustainable water utilization strategy. 相似文献
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刘爱智 《水资源与水工程学报》2006,17(6):97-100
简要介绍了沧州市水资源的基本特点,分析了水资源的供需平衡状况,结果表明全市多年平均可供水量为8.3768×108m3,需水量为13.6692×108m3,缺水5.2924×108m3,供需比为61.28%,沧州市水资源供给远远小于需求。进而分析了沧州市水资源开发利用中存在的主要问题,并提出了缓解供需矛盾和实现水资源可持续利用的对策。 相似文献
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海口市水资源供需平衡分析及对策研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
海口市的水资源极为丰富,但是由于缺乏水资源配置工程,部分地区在非汛期出现了水资源供不应求的局面。本文对海口市2010、2020及2030年的需水量进行了预测,对海口市不同典型年可利用水资源量和可控水资源量进行了研究,根据全市水资源供需情况和行政区域(不包含南渡江流域)水资源供需情况的具体分析,得出海口市工程性缺水的结论;并提出了以修建南渡江下游拦蓄工程为主要工程性措施以缓解和解决海口市长远水资源供需矛盾的建议。 相似文献
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水资源条件是城市经济社会发展和生态环境建设的重要保障和前提。西安是一个资源性缺水城市,多年平均水资源总量为23.49亿m2,目前正在全面建设具有历史文化特色的国际化大都市。本文分析了西安市现状年的用水现状及供水能力,并结合城市需水预测、水源工程规划及可供水量预测,计算出2015、2020、2030年的水资源平衡结果,并提出了保障水资源供需平衡的相关措施。研究对于西安市经济社会发展和水资源高效利用、保护有指导意义和实践价值。 相似文献
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利用系统动力学软件STELLA建立由水资源供给和居民、工业、农业、生态环境、公共需水等子系统组成的水资源供需系统模型,对安徽省2012-2030年水资源供需情势进行模拟分析,模拟效果较好。参数灵敏度分析表明,模型结果对工业增加值增长率、万元工业增加值用水量、农田有效灌溉系数的变化最为敏感。基于此提出应对水资源短缺问题的3种综合调控方案(方案I,方案Ⅱ和方案Ⅲ)。结果表明:与现有发展模式相比,方案I和方案Ⅱ延迟了水资源短缺的时间;以经济平稳增长、生态环境友好为目标的方案Ⅲ则会有效地解决未来水资源供需矛盾。最后在各种模式的基础上提出了应对水资源问题措施,为缓解安徽省水资源矛盾、优化水资源配置提供参考。 相似文献
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依据袁河流域水系分布结合乡镇与水系等特点划分计算单元, 从考虑工程与不考虑工程两方面分析袁河流域水资源供需平衡的时空变化, 重点分析流域重要城镇所在单元的水资源供需平衡, 以提高流域水资源规划管理工作的实用性。结果表明: 不考虑工程的特枯年( 95% 来水频率) 流域水资源无法满足需水, 2025 年缺水率 6.7% , 2035 年缺水率 7.7% ; 考虑工程的特枯年流域缺水更加严重, 2025 年缺水率 16.6% , 2035 年缺水率 17.5% 。流域严重缺 水城镇主要集中在干流沿岸, 其中, 芦溪镇、袁州区市区、分宜镇、渝水区市区等 4 个重要城镇是流域内缺水严重地区, 年内水资源供需平衡的时间差异化明显。 相似文献
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S. Multsch A. S. Alquwaizany O. A. Alharbi M. Pahlow H.-G. Frede L. Breuer 《国际水资源开发杂志》2017,33(2):292-309
Agriculture policy changes in Saudi Arabia are investigated by water footprint (WF) assessment. WF is calculated with the model SPARE:WATER for 3758 irrigated sites. The WF of agriculture areas (WFarea, km3 yr?1) has decreased (–17%) since the year 2000 to 13.84 km3 yr?1 (2011), which is mainly caused by the reduction of cropland by –33%. Nevertheless, water consumption per field has increased about 16%, which can be attributed to the cultivation of fodder crops (+12%). A scenario analysis revealed that a shifting cropping pattern towards less fodder crops reduces WFarea by –15%, and implementing improved irrigation technology leads to a combined reduction of up to 32% 相似文献
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二十一世纪中国的水供求 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
全国水中长期供求计划是根据国家计委和水利部要求进行编制的。根据该成果,我国现状水利工程设计供水能力达到5600亿m^3以上,水开发利用率达19%。预计到2010年全国总需水量6600亿~6900亿m^3,总供水量6400亿~6700亿m^3,缺水170亿~300亿m^3。 相似文献
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根据马莲河流域地形地貌特点、水资源分布状况及社会经济、能源产业的发展情况,将流域系统概化为5个水资源分区,并依据2020和2030年的社会经济发展速度和水利工程建设速度、分为12个方案,采用指标分析法对12个方案进行供、需水量预测。结果表明:2020年最大概率方案为社会经济高速发展、水利工程低速建设方案,流域总需水量6.45亿m3,供水量4.67亿m3,缺水率27.56%。2030年的最优方案为2020年社会经济高速发展、2030年社会经济低速发展,水利工程高速建设方案,流域总需水量10.33亿m3,供水量8.72亿m3,缺水率15.62%。按照供需平衡方案进行水资源分配,可促使流域综合缺水率逐年减少,促使流域的水资源能够更好地为高速发展的社会经济服务,从而提高流域的供水、用水水平,为流域生产、生活安全提供强有力的保障和支撑。 相似文献
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陕北地区水资源短缺,随着能源化工基地的建设,供需矛盾日益尖锐.本文通过分析陕北地区的水资源及其可利用量分布规律,以及1980-2010年间的供用水结构变化规律,根据省市相关规划目标及行业用水标准,预测了该地区未来水平年的需水量.结果是陕北地区2020年和2030年的需水量分别为19.95亿m3和27.65亿m3.因此现阶段16亿m3的水资源可利用量不能满足陕北地区的未来需水要求. 相似文献
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纳米比亚位于干旱半干旱地区。境内气候干燥少雨,水资源贫乏。而边界河流水资源较为丰富,北部有库内内河、奥卡万戈河,南部有奥兰治河。由边界河流调水是减缓供需矛盾的唯一途径。中北部地区已建有从库内内河引水的供水系统,供需分析表明,只要尽快实现卡卢埃凯泵站有坝引水,库内内河的水资源能满足中北部地区的供水需求。 相似文献
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Abstract The main natural source of water available in Kuwait is the brackish groundwater located in the Kuwait Group and the Dammam aquifers, where the salinity ranges from 4300 to 10200 mg/l and from 2500 to 10000 mg/l, respectively. Limited fresh groundwater resources in Al‐Rawdhatain and Umm Al‐Aish fields, which have a salinity of 359 ‐1737 mg/l, are also available. Most of the groundwater in Kuwait is used for irrigation, domestic purposes, small‐scale industries and for blending with distilled water. Because rainfall is seasonal and less than annual evaporation, the recharge of the groundwater from rainfall is negligible. The objective of this paper is to assess the different water resources in Kuwait in order to make an integrated management plan and to focus on future sustainability. Generally, in the State of Kuwait, there is increasing pressure on the natural water resources because of the exploitation of the aquifers at a rate exceeding that of both the groundwater recharge and population growth (from 1.4 million in 1980 to 2.55 million in 2003). This has lead to the observed decline in groundwater level and to the deterioration of water quality. In the early 1950s, a plan was endorsed in Kuwait to establish seawater desalination plants. By 2005, six desalination plants have been established, with a total capacity of distillation units of 1434.72 ×103 m3/d (315.6 MIGD). However, the gross maximum consumption for the year 2003 reached a value of 1440.17 ×103 m3/d (316.8 MIGD), which is higher than the total capacity of the available distillation units. Given the limitation of conventional water and the shortages of non‐conventional water, along with the increasing population, Kuwait must consider the recycling of wastewater for irrigation, industrial or any other unrestricted non‐potable purpose. 相似文献
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系统动力学基于系统理论,能够将用水子系统和供水子系统纳入到水资源供需系统中,并且可以分析每个子系统中各因素的变化对于整体系统的影响.而系统动力学软件Stella可以通过情景模拟来预测水资源供需的发展趋势.运用系统动力学的方法,结合吐鲁番社会经济发展和生态需水的实际情况,构建了吐鲁番水资源供需系统模型,设定四种不同的情景,仿真模拟了2013年-2030年吐鲁番地区水资源供需变化趋势,进而对该地区水资源供需平衡进行分析.研究结果表明:为实现水资源的优化利用,保证吐鲁番地区的可持续发展,还必须加大水利建设,增加水利投资,进一步实施节水措施,巧妙合理的利用水资源. 相似文献