双歧杆菌发酵胡萝卜汁饮料的研制

采用已耐氧驯化的两歧双歧杆菌与普通乳酸菌共同发酵胡萝卜汁制得发酵饮料。通过正交试验确定的最优发酵条件为:发酵温度39℃,发酵时间9h,胡萝卜汁浓度27％,乳糖添加量1％,双歧杆菌接种量7％,乳酸菌接种量1％。用此条件所得产品中双歧杆菌和乳酸菌活菌数分别达6.5×10~7cfu/mL和1.7×10~8cfu/mL。该产品是色、香、味俱佳的天然营养保健制品。     

盐藻双歧酸奶的研制

本文研究了双歧杆菌和乳酸菌混合发酵生产盐藻双歧酸奶的生产工艺，结果表明采用双歧杆菌与乳酸菌4：1的混合菌，接种量5％，添加鲜藻体1．5g／l，可使酸奶风味和凝固性良好，还含双歧杆菌活菌5×108cfu／ml以上及20mg／l的β－胡萝卜素。     

耐酸耐氧双歧杆菌单菌联菌酸奶发酵研究

利用耐酸耐氧双歧杆菌进行了单菌酸奶和联菌酸奶发酵实验,优化出工艺条件.双歧杆菌单菌酸奶,发酵温度37℃,以5%体积比接种双歧杆菌,5%质量比添加蔗糖,在8h内凝乳,酸奶酸度可达80°T,活菌数>10°cfu/mL;双歧杆菌与乳酸菌混合发酵联菌酸奶,双歧杆菌与乳酸菌菌数比1:1,以5%体积比总接种量接种,发酵温度37℃,在4.5h内凝乳,酸度平均在85.T,总活菌数>1×109cfu/mL;双歧杆菌与乳酸菌分别发酵的酸奶,以体积比1:1配比后酸奶口味较佳.     

盐藻双歧酸奶的研制

本文研究了双歧杆菌和乳酸菌混合发酵生产盐藻双歧酸奶的生产工艺，结果表明采用双歧杆菌与乳酸菌４：１的混合菌，接种量５％，添加鲜藻体１．５ｇ／ｌ，可使酸奶风味和凝固性良好，还含双歧杆菌活菌５×１０＾８ｃｆｕ／ｍｌ以上及２０ｍｇ／ｌ的β－胡萝卜素。     

胡萝卜汁酸牛乳工艺

对胡萝卜汁牛乳发酵培养基进行优化调制,研究双歧杆菌与乳酸菌混种发酵胡萝卜汁牛乳的工艺技术及其发酵产品的贮藏稳定性;进一步提高了双歧杆菌胡萝卜汁酸乳中的益生性.     

新型酸奶发酵工艺

对新型胡萝卜酸奶发酵工艺进行了研究,采用单因素和正交分析法分析了胡萝卜汁添加量、乳酸菌接种量及发酵时间对酸奶质量的影响。分析结果表明：本研究最佳工艺条件为胡萝卜汁30%、嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌接种量（1∶1）：4%、发酵时间4h。     

胡萝卜汁双歧杆菌发酵饮料的研制

在添加 5 %脱脂牛乳和 4%～ 5 %蔗糖的胡萝卜汁中接种 5× 1 0 6 /mL的长双歧杆菌 (Bifi dobacteriumlongum) ,发酵 1 0～ 1 4h后或终点pH达到 4 2左右时 ,可获得总菌数在 1 0 9/mL数量级、色泽鲜艳、口感良好、风味上佳的双歧杆菌胡萝卜汁发酵饮料制品。产品低温贮运的保质期为1周左右。     

红曲酸奶中乳酸菌变化情况研究

利用超声波浸提法提取红曲中的有效成分,将红曲水提取液与全脂奶粉混合发酵制成新型红曲酸奶。通过荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术跟踪发酵过程中乳酸菌含量的变化,结果表明：红曲酸奶中保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌数量显著高于普通酸奶。发酵2 h时,红曲酸奶中保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌菌体数量分别为普通酸奶的2.63和2.24倍;发酵5 h时,发酵接近终点,红曲酸奶中保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌菌体数量分别为普通酸奶的2.29和2.75倍。红曲酸奶的保藏期可达15 d,乳酸菌数符合国家标准的要求。     

双歧杆菌酸奶生产工艺的优化

通过研究婴儿双歧杆菌和长双歧杆菌在脱脂乳中的生长特性、影响其发酵的因素以及发酵方式 ,优化出双歧杆菌酸奶的最佳生产工艺。研究结果显示 ,选用长双歧杆菌制作酸奶时 ,在乳中添加 0 3 %酵母粉 ,低聚糖取代 10 %的蔗糖 ,接菌量为 10 % ;选用婴儿双歧杆菌制作酸奶时 ,在乳中添加 0 6%的酵母粉 ,以低聚糖取代 2 0 %的蔗糖 ,接菌量为 15 %。 3 9℃条件下发酵 ,然后再按 1∶1的比例与普通酸奶混合 ,所制得的酸奶在贮存期间 ,活菌数可达到10 8cfu/mL以上。     

胡萝卜汁双歧杆菌酸乳发酵培养基优化研究

本文以从健康人体中选育出2株发酵活力高、耐氧性和抗逆性强的优良发酵菌株两歧双歧杆菌Bbm和长双歧杆菌Blm作为试验菌株,研究了胡萝卜汁和蔗糖在牛乳中的添加量对双歧杆菌在牛乳中发酵的凝乳时间、凝乳时活菌数及pH值、产品感官风味的影响,确定了发酵培养基中胡萝卜汁和蔗糖的最适添加量分别为20%～30%和5%～6%,完成了以胡萝卜汁乳作为双歧杆菌最佳载体的初步探索,为功能性益生菌乳制品的研制和开发提供了必要条件.     

乳酸菌高密度培养条件优化研究

该试验通过单因素试验和响应面试验探究了乳酸菌高密度培养过程中碳酸钠缓冲盐添加时间、培养pH值、营养因子添加量以及后发酵时间对菌落总数的影响。结果表明，乳酸菌高密度培养的最优条件为接种量3%，培养温度42 ℃，培养2 h时添加15%碳酸钠缓冲盐，将pH调为6.5，同时添加与原发酵培养基等体积的营养因子（乳清∶番茄汁∶胡萝卜汁∶牛奶=4∶6∶6∶5）后再培养4 h。在此优化条件下，培养液的活菌数较高，为5.68×1011 CFU/mL。     

金笋酸凝乳的研制

在酸奶成熟工艺基础上，将胡萝卜汁添加到牛乳中，经乳酸发酵制得产品。本试验主要从胡萝卜汁对凝乳时间、产品的酸度、菌数变化、感官指标等方面的综合影响来探索最佳添加量，为工业化生产提供依据。     

乳酸菌发酵胡萝卜汁的研究

以胡萝卜为原料,对乳酸菌发酵胡萝卜汁的加工工艺进行了初步探讨,目的在于为今后生产乳酸菌发酵蔬菜饮料提供理论依据。对发酵过程中亚硝酸盐、pH值的变化进行了分析,并采用正交试验,筛选出最佳乳酸菌发酵胡萝卜汁工艺和最佳配方。结果表明:泡菜汁接种、打浆、不抽真空、热烫5min所得发酵汁感官品质最佳。最佳饮料配方为40%发酵胡萝卜汁、7%蔗糖、0.10%柠檬酸、0.10%明胶+0.10%海藻酸钠作复合稳定剂。     

胡萝卜汁发酵饮料的研究进展

胡萝卜汁经发酵后所得的饮料营养丰富,风味独特,口感好。现就以乳酸菌或双歧杆菌等为主发酵液的胡萝卜汁发酵饮料的研究进展作一综述。     

Antimicrobial activity of lactic acid and copper on growth of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in laboratory medium and carrot juice

Outbreaks of food-borne pathogens, such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella, continue to draw public attention to food safety. Several reports have demonstrated the efficacy of using natural ingredients to control the growth of food-borne pathogens. The objective of this study was to investigate antimicrobial effects of lactic acid and copper, alone and in combination, on the survival and growth of Salmonella spp. and E. coli O157:H7 in laboratory medium and carrot juice. Survival and growth of 38 Salmonella spp. and six E. coli O157:H7 strains were compared when grown in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth and carrot juice under conditions including either lactic acid (0.2%) alone, copper sulfate (50 ppm) alone or the combination of the two. The growth inhibition was negligible when copper sulfate was added to BHI broth and carrot juice. Lactic acid (0.2%) retarded the growth of bacterial strains. However, the growth of bacterial strains was significantly inhibited when both lactic acid and copper were in BHI broth and carrot juice within the time frame of this study. These findings indicated that lactic acid, in combination with copper sulfate, could be used to inhibit the growth of pathogens. Natural ingredients, such as lactic acid and low dose of copper ions, can be used to improve the safety of food products.     

直投式泡菜乳酸菌发酵剂培养基的优化及离心条件的探索

根据番茄汁、马铃薯汁和胡萝卜汁的营养条件和乳酸菌的营养要求,通过正交试验,确定泡菜用肠膜明串珠菌和乳酸乳球菌的最佳培养基。试验结果为:肠膜明串珠菌的最佳培养基为:30%番茄汁、25%马铃薯汁、10%胡萝卜汁;乳酸乳球菌的最佳培养基为:25%番茄汁、35%马铃薯汁、15%胡萝卜汁。结果表明:肠膜明串珠菌和乳酸乳球菌分别以此培养基在34℃下培养24 h,其活菌数可达109cfu/mL以上,大大降低了培养基的成本。选择的最佳离心条件为:4 000 r/min的转速下离心20 min,在此条件下离心存活率最高,为制备直投式发酵剂提供了理论依据。     

乳酸菌发酵果蔬饮料的制备工艺

开发研制苹果、胡萝卜果蔬汁乳酸菌发酵饮料;以苹果、胡萝卜汁为原料,制备混合果蔬汁,添加保加利亚乳杆菌Lactobacillus bulgaricus与嗜热链球菌Streptococcus thermophilus(1∶1)进行发酵;对发酵工艺中乳酸菌接种量、加糖量与发酵时间3因素进行了正交试验L(933),以产酸量、可溶性固形物含量、pH、乳酸菌数、感官评定为考察指标,最终确定了最佳发酵工艺条件为:加糖量10g/100mL,接种量0.5×106cfu/mL,发酵时间13h。     

发酵条件对乳酸菌发酵蔬菜汁产品指标的影响

选用番茄汁、胡萝卜汁为原料,用保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和两歧双歧杆菌为发酵菌种,对不同发酵条件下的产酸速度、总菌数以及发酵前后有机酸和部分风味成份的变化情况进行了研究.     

THE EFFECT OF PROCESSING METHOD ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CARROT JUICE

ABSTRACT

The production of carrot juice using different technologies is the main subject of this investigation. Although the production and preservation of the carrot juice technology have not been improved and are not prevalent, an intensive study has been carried out on this subject recently. In this study, the effects on the yield and quality of carrot juice produced with and without total enzymatic liquefaction (Pectinex Ultra SP‐L, Novo Nordisk Ferment, Dittingen, Switzerland) as well as lactofermentation or citric acid addition have been investigated. Generally, enzymatic liquefaction of mash increased the juice yield (89.32 ± 1.17 and 90.43 ± 0.47% for lactofermented and citric‐acid‐added samples, respectively), while the control sample juice yield was found to be 59.90 ± 0.81%. Lactofermented and acid‐added samples demonstrated lower pH value. In enzyme‐treated samples, the total acidity increments were also determined. Accordingly, galacturonic acid formed after enzymatic breakdown of pectin in the raw material increased the total acidity of the samples. Magnesium contents of lactofermented juices were found to be low because lactic acid bacteria require magnesium for their growth. β‐Carotene contents have been found to be higher in both lactofermented and in nonenzyme‐treated samples.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

This article describes the effects of different processing methods on the characteristics of carrot juice. It is difficult to preserve vegetable juices such as carrot juice because of their low acidity. The acidity of carrot juice (pH ～6.2) can be adjusted by the addition of citric acid or the lactofermentation method to pH 4.5. With these processes carrot juice can be preserved by pasteurization as occurs for low pH fruit juices, increasing shelf life. According to the results of this study, increasing the acidity of mash with lactofermentation or citric acid addition also increases the juice yield.