电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定钕铁硼磁体中铅含量

采用硝酸消解处理钕铁硼磁体,以基体匹配法建立了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定钕铁硼中铅含量的方法,研究了仪器的工作条件和分析波长。结果表明,工作曲线的线性相关系数为0.999 93,方法检出限为0.009μg/mL,加标回收率达到104%,相对标准偏差小于3%。方法检出限低,满足实际检测需求,可以快速准确方便地测定钕铁硼中铅含量。     

水中二十种金属元素的同时测定

水中含有多种金属元素，随着人民生活水平的提高，对水质的要求也越来越高。金属元素的测定方法有分光光度法、原子吸收法、离子色谱法、阳极溶出伏安法、示波极谱法等，但它们都存在耗时、耗试剂、只能单元素测定等缺点。笔者采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱ICP—ES法，利用水平矩管，优化仪器条件，提高了检测灵敏度，使方法检出限大大优于火焰原子吸收法而接近于石墨炉原子吸收法，同时测定了水中二十种金属元素，结果令人满意。     

电感耦合等离子体-质谱法测定内墙漆中8种重金属杂质

文章建立了用电感耦合等离子体-质谱(ICP-MS)法测定内墙漆中Se、Cd、Sb、Cr、Pb、Hg、As、Ba等8种重金属含量的方法。样品经过预处理用盐酸溶解,得到样品溶液后用电感耦合等离子体质谱进行测定。8种重金属杂质元素的方法检出限为0.02-0.5ng/g。利用建立的方法,对市场上某种墙面漆中的8种金属元素进行测定,并进行了加标回收实验,加标回收率为94%-106%。各杂质元素均为10 ng/mL的混合标准溶液平行7次进样的相对标准偏差均小于5%。该方法操作简便,能够满足内墙漆中有害重金属杂质测定的需要。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定橘子汁中钙和镁

建立了微波消解和湿法消解对样品进行前处理,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定橘子汁样品中钙和镁含量的方法。选择Ca 317.933nm,Mg 285.213nm作为钙和镁的分析线。实验结果表明,钙和镁的检出限分别为0.001 8和0.000 4mg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD<2%),加标回收率为99%~101%,用来测定FAPAS国际比对橘子汁样品,反馈的统计结果显示钙和镁元素的Z值分别为-0.3和0.3,结果均为满意。方法快速、简单、精确,适于橘子汁中钙和镁的测定。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法同时测定高纯钼中多种痕量元素

建立了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定钼中Co、Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn、W、Zr元素含量的方法。确定了溶样方法和分析谱线,采用基体匹配消除干扰。对方法精密度和准确度进行实验,实验结果表明,各元素的相对标准偏差均小于3%,加标回收率在81.0%~110%。所建方法快速、准确,适用于钼中多元素同时测定。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定PM_(2.5)中重金属元素

目的建立电感耦合等离子体质谱仪同时测定大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)中铬、镍、砷、硒、镉、铊、铅7种元素的方法。方法对PM2.5滤膜样品进行水浴超声浸取前处理,电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定浸取液中7种元素的浓度。结果测定元素标准曲线的相关系数均在0.999以上,铬、镍、砷、硒、镉、铊、铅的检出限分别为1.21、0.36、0.29、0.42、0.30、0.35、0.08μg/L,检测限分别为4.04、1.22、0.96、1.42、1.01、1.18、0.27μg/L,当采样体积为120 m3时,最低检测浓度为0.0067、0.0020、0.0016、0.0023、0.0017、0.0020、0.0004μg/m3。通过测定标准参考物质GBW(E)080212,测定值均在参考范围内。各元素回收率除硒外均在82.5%⁹9.8%之间,RSD小于5%。结论该方法样品前处理操作简便、检出限低、精密度高、准确性好,适用于大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)中重金属成分的分析。     

微波消解AAS、AFS法测定不同产地红花中As、Hg、Pb、Cd、Cu含量

目的:测定云南4个产地红花的重金属含量,了解4份红花样品中重金属元素的蓄积情况。方法:采用微波消解法进行样品前处理,双道原子荧光光度法测定砷(As)、汞(Hg)的含量,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)的含量,空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铜(Cu)的含量。结果:不同产地红花的重金属含量有一定的差异,但各产地红花药材中砷(As)、汞(Hg)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、铜(Cu)的含量均符合限量标准。结论:本研究所建立的重金属检测方法,既可用于质量控制,也可为不同种类中药材中重金属含量测定提供参考。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法同时测定土壤中8种重金属元素

采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定土壤中砷、镉、铬、铜、汞、镍、铅、锌8种痕量元素,对质谱干扰和非质谱干扰进行了校正。8种重金属元素在一定的质量浓度范围内与其信号强度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s)在0.001 2~0.029μg/L。用加标回收测定其回收率,加标回收率范围在90.0%~96.3%,对土壤样品平行测定6次,测定值的相对标准偏差在2.1%~3.0%。对湛江南柳河附近土壤进行重金属监测,监测结果符合标准要求。     

原子吸收光谱法和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定岩棉板中钾、钠含量的比较

用ICP-OES法和AAS法对样品中的K₂O、Na₂O进行测试,通过比对样品前处理、测定结果等,证实两种方法均满足建材行业岩棉板分析的测定要求,可根据实际情况选用。     

蛤蜊中微量元素含量的测定

用高压罐硝化样品,以正交试验原理,借助方差分析,利用ICP-AES法测定蛤蜊中Co、Mg、Zn、Fe、Ca、Sr等15种微量元素的含量,方法回收率在96.50%¹02.50%之间,相对标准偏差小于2.57%。ICP-AES法具有灵敏度高、简单,快捷等优点,且多元素同时测定,更适合蛤蜊中金属与非金属元素的分析测定。通过实验:蛤蜊中含有丰富的Mg、Zn、Fe、Ca、K、P,还含有Se、Ge、Sr、Mn等微量元素对人体健康极其有益,是营养价值很高的海产品。但近些年,海水被环境造成一定程度的污染,食用时应加以注意。     

Assessment and biomonitoring of aquatic pollution by heavy metals (Cd,Cr, Cu,Pb and Zn) in Hammam Grouz Dam of Mila (Algeria)

Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were determined in water, sediment and tissues of fish (Cyprinus carpio and Barbus setivimensis) from November 2014 to August 2015, in order to estimate the aquatic pollution in Hammam Grouz dam, by the technique of atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The concentrations of heavy metals in the water and sediment were higher than the WHO standards. The calculation of Bioconcentration factor showed that all fish species studied have accumulated heavy metals in their tissues (gill, liver, muscle and kidney). The concentrations of metals in B. setivimensis were higher than those in C. carpio. The highest concentration of heavy metals was recorded in the gill while the lowest was recorded in the muscle and kidney. Our study reveals that these fish species can be used as bioindicators in the biomonitoring of metallic pollution in aquatic ecosystem.     

Determination of no effect levels of heavy metals for rainbow trout using hepatic metallothionein

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were exposed to various sublethal concentrations of a mixture of zinc, copper and cadmium for periods of time ranging from 4 to 16 weeks and the concentration of metallothionein (MT) in the livers was determined. The data were described by linear regressions of hepatic MT (with 95% confidence limits) against concentration of metal. From these data could be determined a “no observable effect” concentration for each metal at which the concentration of hepatic MT in exposed fish was not distinguishable from that in unexposed fish. The value thus determined was in close agreement with estimates of the “no observable effect” concentrations of zinc, copper and cadmium calculated for soft water by other authors. The elevation of hepatic MT in rainbow trout therefore appears to provide a useful biological response for the estimation of “no observable effects” of zinc, copper and cadmium in mixture in the natural environment.     

矿区土壤重金属污染现状及对策

介绍了矿区土壤重金属污染的现状、污染特点、污染来源，同时提出了相应的治理对策，指出植物修复是一种有前途的土壤污染治理技术。     

The chemistry of heavy metals in digested sewage sludge—II. Heavy metal complexation with soluble organic matter

Characterisitcs of copper-binding, in the soluble fraction of a digested sewage sludge, were determined using ion-selective electrodes. Results showed that ion exchange with protons is a principal component in copper binding and that the soluble organic matter has a cation exchange capacity of 8.86 m-equiv g⁻¹ at pH 6.5. A pH-dependent exchange constant, defined in terms of mole fractions of exchange components, describes the data in the pH range 2–8 and is independent of both pH and the extent of exchange in the range 5.5–8. Supplementary data include acid/base titration curves and simple kinetic measurements. Anion uptake is insignificant in the pH range 2.5–7. A model of the aqueous phase of a sewage sludge, containing soluble organic matter with only copper and protons as competing ions, predicts that at pH 7 over 99% of the copper present will be bound to the soluble organic matter.     

Biomonitoring of maritime pollution by heavy metals (Pb and Zn) in the coast of Jijel (Algeria)

This paper reports a study of pollution in the coastal waters of Jijel, Algeria, using algae Ulva lactuca and Corallina officinalis as bioindicators. Samples of seawater and algae were collected at four different stations from the coast of Jijel, during the period of April–June 2014. The heavy metal content (Pb and Zn) was determined in seawater and in the algae tissue by the technique of atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In seawater, the contents of heavy metals vary from 0.017 to 0.03 mg/l (Pb) and 0.235 to 0.873 mg/l. In the algae tissues, metals concentrations vary between 1.88 to 6.25 μg g^?1 dry weight (Pb), and from 92 to 178.9 μg g^?1 dry weight (Zn). These levels differ by site and species. The calculation of the bioconcentration factor (BCF) leads us to conclude that algae bioaccumulate significant levels of Pb and Zn metals in their tissues. Our results shows that the species of C. officinalis bioaccumulate the metals Pb and Zn more than U. lactuca, where, high biosorption of Zn was observed with BCF values between 203.21 and 238.40. Zn content in seawater and algae tissues appear higher than standards set by USEPA and guides values of Certified Reference Materials, but Pb levels appear lower than this standard.     

直读光谱与电感耦合等离子体发射光谱测定不锈钢中硅、锰、磷、铬、镍的方法比较

通过对比试验,从样品前处理、测定结果等方面对直读光谱法（OES）与电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）进行分析。结果表明,两种方法无显著差异,OES的前处理更简单,检测速度更快,但对样品大小、形状要求较高,无法对直径过小的钢铁样品进行检测,而ICP-OES更符合对不同形状钢铁的检测需求。     

Contamination assessment of heavy metals in the soils of an abandoned copper mine in Lasail,Northern Oman

ABSTRACT

Abandoned mine areas exhibit heavy metal contamination. This severely reduces the soil quality. This paper concerns the assessment of soils near an abandoned copper mine in Lasail, northern Oman. Seventy-two soil samples were collected and analysed for heavy metals using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The extent of heavy metal pollution was evaluated based on the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), and pollution index (PI). According to these indices, Copper (Cu), Mercury (Hg), Zinc (Zn), Arsenic (As) and Iron (Fe) are impacting the soils. Of these, Cu and Hg concentrations are 50 and 300 times more than the permissible limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO). There is an urgent need for the remediation and restoration of the soils in this area and a proposal is presented here.     

Total metal concentrations and partitioning of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn in sewage sludge

Application of the BCR three-step sequential extraction procedure to sewage sludge samples collected at an urban wastewater treatment plant (Dom ale, Slovenia) is reported. The total concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn and their concentrations in fractions after extraction were determined by flame or electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS, ETAAS) under optimised measurement conditions. Total acid digestion including hydrofluoric acid (HF) treatment and aqua regia extraction were compared in order to estimate the efficiency of aqua regia extraction for determination of total metal concentrations in sewage sludge. It was found experimentally that aqua regia quantitatively leached these heavy metals from the sewage sludge and could therefore be applied in analysis of total heavy metal concentrations. The total concentrations of 856 mg kg⁻¹ Cr, 621 mg kg⁻¹ Ni and 2032 mg kg⁻¹ Zn were higher than those set by Slovenian legislation for sludge to be used in agriculture. Total concentrations of 2.78 mg kg⁻¹ Cd, 433 mg kg⁻¹ Cu and 126 mg kg⁻¹ Pb were below those permitted in the relevant legislation. CRM 146R reference material was used to follow the quality of the analytical process. The results of the BCR three-step sequential extraction procedure indicate high Ni and Zn mobility in the sludge analysed. The other heavy metals were primarily in sparingly soluble fractions and hence poorly mobile. Due to the high total Ni concentration and its high mobility the investigated sewage sludge could not be used in agriculture.