生物医用金属钽涂层制备及性能

本研究采用常压化学气相沉积技术在平面和多孔钛合金基体上制备了金属钽涂层。反应原料为化学纯的五氯化钽,以高纯氢气作为还原气体及载气,将蒸发后的五氯化钽输送到高温沉积区,通过还原反应生成金属钽,并沉积在钛合金表面。通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和摩擦磨损试验机等设备对涂层进行表征。结果表明,钽涂层不仅可以沉积在平面钛合金表面,还可以沉积在多孔基体的外表面及内表面,而氢气流量和沉积温度均显著影响钽涂层的表面形貌及性能。经过实验参数的优化,钽涂层与钛合金基体有较佳的结合力,满足植入条件的要求。本研究结合了钛合金相对低廉的成本和金属钽优异的生物特性,为多孔钽在医疗领域的广泛应用提供了支持。     

水热处理后TC4钛合金微弧氧化涂层的润湿性和电化学性能分析

针对TC4钛合金耐腐蚀性偏低、生物相容性差等问题,本试验利用微弧氧化(MAO)技术在TC4钛合金表面制备陶瓷涂层,结合水热合成技术在TC4钛合金涂层中引入具有生物活性的羟基磷灰石层,探究水热合成液浓度变化对TC4钛合金涂层的润湿性能和电化学行为的影响。利用XRD、SEM、润湿角测量仪、激光共聚焦显微镜以及电化学工作站等对TC4钛合金MAO涂层的相组成、表面形貌、润湿角、表面粗糙度、电化学性能等进行表征。研究结果表明:随着水热合成液浓度增加,TC4钛合金MAO涂层中金红石相TiO_2含量有所提高,羟基磷灰石(HA)相含量逐渐增加。水热合成液浓度的变化对TC4钛合金MAO涂层表面粗糙度的影响不大,粗糙度在1～2μm范围内。在水热合成处理后,TC4钛合金涂层的极化曲线会向正电位方向移动,腐蚀电位增加,腐蚀电流密度降低,降低幅度约为一个数量级。     

钽涂层多孔钛合金支架的制备与表征

钽金属是一种理想的医用金属材料,能够与人体软/硬组织发生整合。利用化学气相沉积方法,在可控多孔结构的Ti6Al4V合金支架表面沉积涂覆钽金属涂层,使其同时具备理想的三维孔隙结构和力学相容性,以及钽金属优异的生物学性能。研究结果显示,多孔钛合金支架表面涂层前后色泽发生明显变化,涂层后支架呈现钽金属色泽。扫描电镜和XRD分析进一步证明了多孔钛合金支架表面沉积物为钽金属。与美国Zimmer公司生产的多孔钽小梁金属相比,钽涂层多孔钛合金支架具备与人体皮质骨更相似的弹性模量和抗压强度,是一种理想的骨修复替代物。     

医用镁合金等离子喷涂羟基磷灰石涂层研究

为了提高医用镁合金的表面耐蚀性和生物相容性,采用等离子喷涂技术在镁合金表面制备羟基磷灰石(HA)涂层.研究结果表明,镁合金表面所制备的HA涂层与基体结合牢固,界面无裂纹、气孔等缺陷.相组成为生物相容性较好的HA和少量的Ca3(PO4)2(TCP),显微组织具有层状特征,涂层表面存在一些有利于骨长人的孔隙.涂层的弹性模量约为19.825 GPa,接近骨的弹性模量,涂层表面硬度为300～350 HV.腐蚀试验和钙磷沉积试验结果表明HA涂层具有较好的耐蚀性和骨诱导性.     

基体表面粗糙度对冷喷涂Ti6Al4V界面结合的数值模拟∗

在冷喷涂过程中,基体的表面粗糙度会影响涂层和基体之间的结合,目前对该问题关注还不够,且存在一定争议。以冷喷涂修复 Ti6Al4V 钛合金(TC4)过程为研究对象,利用有限元模拟手段,建立二维和三维单粒子在不同表面粗糙度基体上的撞击模型。通过分析粒子在撞击到光滑表面、研磨表面和喷砂表面三种情况下界面的温度、等效塑性应变及系统能量的变化,得出以下结论：随着基体表面粗糙度的增加,粒子的等效塑性应变和扁平率逐渐减小。界面温度和等效塑性应变在基体“波峰”处较高,在“波谷”处较低,在高的表面粗糙度下,粒子的塑性变形减弱,反弹趋势增强。研究结果表明,对冷喷涂 TC4 修复过程而言,基体的粗糙化不利于涂层与基体的结合。研究结果可为冷喷涂修复钛合金过程中基体预处理方式的选择提供理论指导。     

304不锈钢表面冷喷涂TC4钛合金涂层性能研究

采用冷喷涂技术在304不锈钢表面制备了TC4钛合金涂层,通过扫描电子显微镜观察了涂层的形貌、组织结构,并利用电化学方法研究了涂层的腐蚀电化学特征。研究结果表明,冷喷涂制备的TC4钛合金涂层致密性存在较为明显的梯度现象,靠近基体的涂层密度明显高于表面;涂层喷涂过程没有出现明显氧化现象,与基体的结合强度可达20 MPa左右;涂层的耐腐蚀性能优于304不锈钢,可大大提升不锈钢材料在海洋环境中的耐点蚀性能。     

纯钽表面微弧氧化“类骨小梁”状多孔涂层的细胞相容性

目的 提高医用纯钽的生物活性，利用微弧氧化(MAO)技术在其表面制备出“类骨小梁”状分级多孔涂层，并对比该涂层与传统“火山坑”状MAO涂层以及机械抛光纯钽表面在表面粗糙度、亲水性以及细胞相容性方面的差异。方法 使用0.1 mol/L Na₂B₄O₇和0.05 mol/L Na₃PO₄电解液在纯钽表面分别制备出“类骨小梁”状及“火山坑”状多孔涂层(分别命名为B-MAO和P-MAO涂层)。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射以及X射线光电子能谱对不同结构涂层进行形貌观察和相组成分析，使用十字划格法评价涂层结合强度，使用激光共聚焦显微镜测定涂层的表面粗糙度，使用接触角仪测量其亲水性，并将小鼠前成骨细胞(MC3T3-E1)接种于材料表面，对比不同形貌状态对细胞铺展、增殖以及成骨分化的影响。结果 MAO涂层物相主要为Ta₂O₅。B-MAO涂层由于内部孔隙度高，应力释放充分，涂层结合强度高，而P-MAO涂层则因具有分层现象和较大的残余应力，易从基体剥落。抛光...     

DLC、TiN涂层对TC4钛合金抗砂尘冲蚀性能的影响

为提高TC4钛合金的抗砂尘冲蚀性能,采用金属蒸汽真空弧(MEVVA)离子源注入与磁过滤真空阴极弧(FCVA)沉积复合技术、磁控溅射技术在TC4钛合金表面制备DLC、TiN涂层。采用SEM、Raman、XRD、纳米压痕仪和划痕仪等方法对涂层的物相结构、硬度、弹性模量以及与基体的结合力进行表征。在冲蚀试验平台上考核试样在不同入射角度条件下的抗砂尘冲蚀性能。结果表明:DLC涂层表面结构致密,含有大量sp3键,硬度为62.1 GPa,弹性模量为391.64 GPa,结合力达80.4 N;TiN涂层表面存在许多熔滴颗粒及空穴,硬度为22.72 GPa,弹性模量为383.18 GPa,结合力达34.7 N。30°冲蚀条件下,涂层主要是通过提高基体表面硬度来抵抗砂尘粒子的微切削作用,从而提高TC4钛合金的抗砂尘冲蚀性能。90°冲蚀条件下,涂层通过延缓基体的塑性变形来实现TC4钛合金抗砂尘冲蚀性能的提高。     

TC4钛合金体育器械的表面改性工艺研究

以微弧氧化电压和氧化时间为变化参量,考察了不同工艺参数下TC4合金表面涂层的厚度、表面粗糙度、孔隙率和平均孔径的变化规律,得到了TC4钛合金适宜的微弧氧化工艺,并探讨了表面涂层的沉积长大机理。结果表明,TC4钛合金涂层厚度在电压为450 V时达到最大值36.2μm,而表面粗糙度在电压为500 V时取得最大值3.3μm。涂层表面的孔隙率和平均孔径随着电压的增加而呈现逐渐增加的趋势。随着微弧氧化时间的增加,钛合金表面涂层厚度和表面粗糙度都呈现出逐渐增加的趋势。在微弧氧化前30 min内,钛合金涂层的表面孔隙率的增长速度较快,而当氧化时间超过30 min后,涂层表面孔隙率增长速度变缓,而平均孔径仍然以较快的速度增加。     

钛及钛合金表面涂层制备方法研究现状

随着钛合金应用范围不断扩大,对其性能也提出了更高的要求,钛合金的表面改性成为研究热点。综述了激光熔覆、微弧氧化和喷涂技术在钛合金表面改性中的应用,分析了各种方法的研究进展、影响涂层质量和性能的因素,并对其存在的问题和发展趋势进行了总结。激光熔覆技术在钛合金涂层的应用,主要采用自生制备陶瓷涂层,该方法增强相与基体结合界面干净,结合力较大,不容易脱落;钛合金微弧氧化较为热门的为激光复合微弧氧化技术,但其应用还存在氧化膜的膜基结合和膜层多孔问题,影响基材的耐蚀性;冷喷涂技术在钛合金表面制备喷涂涂层具备制备温度低、涂层沉积率较高、孔隙率低等特点,对冷喷涂钛合金涂层调控手段主要在喷涂参数、粉末状态、基体状态和喷嘴等方面,未来的研究趋势是冷喷涂技术与其他技术如激光熔覆、搅拌摩擦焊等的融合。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

正~~     

Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.