纳米碳管在聚合物复合材料领域的研究进展

在总结了纳米碳管/聚合物复合材料制备方法的基础之上,对其在力学性能、电学性能和光学性能方面的最新研究进展情况进行了综述。从目前研究结果看,尽管纳米碳管的增强效果不如预期,但其可以在改进聚合物基体复合材料力学性能的同时赋予复合材料一定的功能性的特点,为功能型结构复合材料的设计提供了新的思路。     

碳纳米管／聚合物复合材料的研究进展

综述了碳纳米管／聚合物复合材料的最新研究进展。重点介绍了碳纳米管／不同种类聚合物复合材料的制备方法、表面改性和碳纳米管增强复合材料的力学性能。     

聚合物/碳纳米管复合导电材料的研究进展

基于碳纳米管(CNTs)的导电性能,对以碳纳米管为导电填料的复合导电材料的制备方法及国内外研究进展进行了综述。重点介绍了几种常见聚合物/CNTs复合导电材料的研究现状。展望了此类导电材料的发展前景。     

Negative Temperature Coefficient of Resistivity in Lightweight Conductive Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Composites

It is particularly difficult to prepare a foam CPC material because its porous structure makes it hard to form a conductive network. We utilized acetone‐assisted dispersion to disperse CNTs into PU foam and successfully prepared a lightweight conductive CNT/assembled PU foam composite. The NTC effect, which exclusively exists in the melt state CPC materials, has unexpectedly been observed in the solid‐state lightweight conductive CNT/sPU composite. Higher gas fraction and lower matrix modulus could result in stronger NTC effect. The mechanism that thermal expansion of gas wrapped in the cellular structure induces more perfect conductive paths has been proposed to satisfactorily elucidate the NTC effect and its gas fraction and matrix modulus dependence.

     

碳纳米管/聚合物复合材料研究和应用进展

碳纳米管的发现引起科学界及产业界的极大重视,大量的研究集中在碳纳米管的合成、生长机理、物理性能的表征等方面。随着碳纳米管合成、提纯、化学修饰等领域的研究不断取得进展,碳纳米管/聚合物复合材料的研究已成为世界科学研究的热点。综述了碳纳米管/聚合物复合材料研究在机械、电学、光学性能等方面所取得的进展与应用。     

非导电聚合物／碳纳米管功能复合材料研究进展

碳纳米管具有优异的力学性能、独特的电学性能和电磁波吸收性能等,是非导电聚合物基体的理想增强材料。综述了近年来非导电聚合物／碳纳米管复合材料的制备和性能研究等情况,并讨论了今后的研究发展方向。     

Fabrication of carbon nanotubes/polypyrrole/carbon nanotubes/melamine foam for supercapacitor

The carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been loaded on the melamine foam (MF) to form the composite (CNTs/MF) by dip‐dry process, then polypyrrole (PPy) is coated on CNTs/MF (PPy/CNTs/MF) through chemical oxidation polymerization by using FeCl₃·6H₂O adsorbed on CNTs/MF as oxidant to polymerize the pyrrole vapor. Finally, CNTs are coated on the surface of PPy/CNTs/MF to increase the conductivity of the composite (CNTs/PPy/CNTs/MF) by dip‐dry process again. The composites have been characterized by X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical method. The results show that the structure of the composites has obvious influence on their capacitive properties. According to the galvanostatic charge/discharge test, the specific capacitance of CNTs/PPy/CNTs/MF is about 184 F g^?1 based on the total mass of the composite and 262 F g^?1 based on the mass of PPy (70.2 wt % in the composite) at the current density of 0.4 A g^?1, which is higher than that of PPy/CNTs/MF (120 F g^?1 based on the total mass of the composite and 167 F g^?1 based on the mass of the PPy). Furthermore, the capacitor assembled by CNTs/PPy/CNTs/MF shows excellent cyclic stability. The capacitance of the cell assembled by CNTs/PPy/CNTs/MF retains 96.3% over 450 scan cycles at scan rate of 20 mV s^?1, which is larger than that assembled by CNTs/PPy/MF (72.5%). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39779.     

聚合物/碳纳米管的研究进展

碳纳米管具有独特的结构，优异的力学性能、热稳定性与导电性能，与聚合物并用可开发出多种新型复合材料，评述利用直接混合法、原位聚合法与超声波处理法制备聚合物／碳纳米管材料，并讨论该复合材料的力学性能，光电性能与磨擦学性能。     

Enhancement of Mechanical and Self‐Healing Performance in Multiwall Carbon Nanotube/Rubber Composites via Diels–Alder Bonding

Mechanically robust and self‐healing rubbers are highly desired to satisfy the increasing demand of high‐performance smart tires and related materials. Herein, a self‐healing rubber nanocomposite with enhanced mechanical and self‐healing performance based on Diels–Alder chemistry has been investigated. The furfuryl grafted styrene‐butadiene rubber and furfuryl terminated MWCNT (MWCNT‐FA) are reacted with bifunctional maleimide to form a covalently bonded and reversibly cross‐linked rubber composite. Obvious reinforcing effect is obtained at high cross‐linking density. Over 200–300% increase in the Young's modulus and toughness can be achieved in the rubber nanocomposites with 5 wt% MWCNT‐FA. Meanwhile, the healing efficiency increased with MWCNT‐FA content. MWCNT‐FA plays dual roles of effective reinforcer and a kind of healant.

     

聚合物/碳纳米管复合材料阻燃性能性能研究进展

综述了国内外有关共价键改性和非共价键改性碳纳米管提高聚合物材料阻燃性能,讨论了改性碳纳米管对热释放速率、质量损失速率、引燃时间、极限氧指数及UL94阻燃性能等的影响的研究进展。指出碳纳米管作为阻燃剂或协效阻燃剂尚需深人研究的问题及将来努力的方向。     

聚丙烯/纳米碳管复合材料的制备及其摩擦性能研究

以纳米碳管为填料,填充聚丙烯制得纳米碳管/聚丙烯复合材料.借助扫描电子显微镜观察分析了复合材料表面形貌;利用MMW-1A型摩擦磨损试验机研究了纳米碳管含量对聚丙烯复合材料摩擦性能的影响并探讨其摩擦机理.结果表明：纳米碳管在复合材料中分散较好,且保持了一定的长径比;随着纳米碳管含量的增加,复合材料的摩擦系数显著减小,当纳米碳管的含量为5％时,复合材料的摩擦系数减少了13.17％.     

碳纳米管/聚合物复合吸波材料性能研究

碳纳米管通过化学气相沉积工艺制备,碳纳米管直径10～30nm,纯度>90%。碳源为乙炔、铁/镍复合催化剂。加入适量的有机溶剂丙酮溶解环氧树脂,然后加入碳纳米管。分别高速搅拌和超声处理30min,加入固化剂乙二胺搅拌均匀,超声10min除去气体后,浇铸在铝板上制成吸波涂层。TEM检测碳纳米管。反射率扫频测量系统HP8757E标量网络分析仪检测吸波性能。碳纳米管和环氧树脂比例为1∶100时,3mm厚吸波层试样吸波峰出现在14 32GHz,吸波峰值R=-10 01dB,吸波频带宽度为2 16GHz(R<8dB)。厚度增加到9mm,在11GHz和17 83GHz出现双吸波峰,最大吸波峰出现在17 83GHz峰值R=-9 04dB,带宽约1GHz(R<8dB)。比例调整为5∶100时,波峰出现在7 91GHz,峰值加大到R=-13 89dB,带宽度达到3 19GHz(R<8dB)。     

PTC型炭黑/高聚物导电复合材料的研究

正温系数导电高分子材料在工业中得到了广泛的应用。本文综述了炭黑／高聚物导电复合材料ＰＴＣ效应的影响因素,探讨了ＰＴＣ效应稳定化的途径。     

高强度碳纳米管/聚合物复合材料的制备和应用

介绍了碳纳米管的结构和碳纳米管/聚合物复合材料的制备方法——溶液共混法、熔融法、原位聚合法和化学修饰法等。结合碳纳米管的特性,综述了碳纳米管/聚合物复合材料在力学性能的增强、电极材料、生物医学材料等方面的应用。     

聚氨酯/碳纳米管功能复合材料的电学性能研究

采用溶液共混法制备了聚氨酯(PUR)/碳纳米管(CNTs)功能复合材料,并分别利用磁力分散和超声分散方法对CNTs进行分散,探讨了CNTs含量对PUR/CNTs复合材料电学性能的影响。结果表明,利用超声分散方法比磁力分散方法获得的CNTs在基体中的分散效果更好,并且随着超声分散时间的延长,分散效果越好;当分散时间为2 h、CNTs的质量分数为5%时,PUR/CNTs复合材料的体积电阻率趋于稳定,可以降到50 MΩ.cm,比纯PUR的体积电阻率下降了6个数量级。     

聚丙烯腈/多壁碳纳米管共混纤维的研制

碳纳米管经表面改性后与聚丙烯腈溶液共混制备了纺丝浆液,采用湿法纺丝技术制备了聚丙烯腈/多壁碳纳米管(PAN/MWNT)共混纤维。研究了碳纳米管对共混溶液动态流变性能的影响,探讨了共混纤维的物理机械性能和结晶特性。结果表明:MWNTs的加入降低了纺丝原液的黏度,明显提高了共混纤维的力学性能,降低了延伸率,并对纤维的结晶度有一定的影响。     

多壁碳纳米管的改性及其复合材料的制备

用H2SO4/HNO3（体积比3∶1）对碳纳米管进行改性,结果研究表明：与原始碳纳米管相比,改性后的多壁碳纳米管的自身的分散性非常好,表面带有了更多的-OH和-COOH等官能团,碳纳米管在空气中的热稳定性明显下降,而且在碳酸氢铵与氨水和少量SDBS的混合溶液中分散稳定性更好。然后采用原位聚合的方法制备了多壁碳纳米管/碳酸铝铵复合材料,复合粉体的TEM和XRD表明改性后的多壁碳纳米管可以在碳酸铝铵粉体中进行良好的分散。     

Microstructure and Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Partitioning in Polycarbonate/Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene/Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites

The multiwall carbon nanotube (MWNT) partitioning and its impact on morphology and electrical properties of Polycarbonate (PC)/Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS)/MWNT nanocomposites were studied. The rheological and TEM results indicated that the MWNT partitioning and state of dispersion of MWNT were determined by the affinity between MWNT and the blend components and MWNT concentration. In the PC/ABS (70/30: w/w)/2 wt.% MWNT sample the MWNTs were preferentially located in the ABS droplets and the interface due to the greater affinity between MWNT and ABS compared with PC. In the PC/ABS (30/70: w/w)/MWNT samples, however the MWNTs were mostly located in the ABS matrix.     

Carbon nanotubes/polyaniline nanocomposite coatings: Preparation,rheological behavior,and their application in paper surface treatment

Conventional cellulosic paper, rendered electro‐conductive, may hold considerable promise for diversified applications in such areas as electro‐magnetic interference shielding and energy storage. Here, an electro‐conductive cellulosic paper was prepared by surface application of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites onto a conventional base paper. MWCNTs/PANI nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization of aniline with different contents of MWCNTs and used as electro‐conductive filler for the fabrication of electro‐conductive surface‐coated paper. The achieved MWCNTs/PANI nanocomposites exhibited a core‐shell structure, as evidenced by TEM. Effects of feeding ratios of MWCNTs on the rheological behavior of nanocomposite coatings, as well as the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of surface‐coated paper were studied. Results revealed that the rheological behavior of the nanocomposite coatings showed strong dependence on the MWCNTs content. Moreover, both the electro‐conductivity and mechanical properties of surface‐coated paper were improved as a function of surface application of MWCNTs/PANI nanocomposites, particularly, in presence of an optimum content of MWCNTs. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46329.