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1.
Yoshiyuki Watanabe Shuji Adachi Kazuhiro Nakanishi Ryuichi Matsuno 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2001,78(8):823-826
l-Ascorbic acid and various polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were condensed at 55°C by the immobilized lipase Chirazyme l-2 in dry acetone to produce the unsaturated acyl ascorbates. The PUFA moieties of the products were much more resistant to
autoxidation at 65°C and nearly 0% relative humidity than the corresponding unmodified PUFA. The effects of the molar ratio
of ascorbic acid or linoleoyl ascorbate to linoleic acid on the autoxidation of linoleic acid were examined. The autoxidation
of linoleic acid was effectively suppressed at molar ratios greater than or equal to 0.2 when either ascorbic acid or linoleoyl
ascorbate was mixed with linoleic acid. The addition of lauroyl ascorbate, synthesized through the enzyme-catalyzed condensation
of ascorbic acid and lauric acid in acetone, to docosahexaenoic acid also significantly suppressed the autoxidation of docosahexaenoic
acid at molar ratios of ≥0.2. 相似文献
2.
Inhibition of gonadotropin-stimulated ovarian steroid production by polyunsaturated fatty acids in teleost fish 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The effects of the polyynsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)—eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic
acid (AA)—onin vitro steroid production by full-grown prematurational ovarian follicles from goldfish and rainbow trout were investigated. EPA
and DHA inhibited gonadotropin-stimulated testosterone production in a dose-related manner, but AA was inhibitory only at
the highest dose tested (400 μM). AA alone stimulated testosterone production by increasing cAMP production, but the effects
of other PUFAs alone were marginal. The inhibitory actions by PUFAs were not restricted to long-chain PUFAs, as linoleic and
linolenic acids had similar actions in the goldfish. The inhibitory action of EPA on testosterone production was reversible
upon removal of the PUFA from medium. Testosterone production stimulated by the addition of the cAMP analogues, dibutyryl
cAMP, and 8-bromo cAMP, was attenuated by PUFAs, suggesting that they act at a site distal to cAMP formation. A post-cAMP
site regulating cholesterol availability may be involved as testosterone production induced by addition of 25OH-cholesterol
was not affected by the PUFAs in either fish species. Together, these findings underscore the importance of lipids in ovarian
physiology and suggest that PUFAs may participate in the regulation of ovarian steroidogenesis in teleost fish. 相似文献
3.
Dietary ALA from Spinach Enhances Liver n-3 Fatty Acid Content to Greater Extent than Linseed Oil in Mice Fed Equivalent Amounts of ALA
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Although several works have reported absorption rate differences of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) bound to different lipid forms, such as ethyl ester, triacylglycerol (TAG), and phospholipids, no studies have investigated the effect of n‐3 PUFA from glycolipids (GL). The present study compared the fatty acid contents of tissue and serum lipids from normal C57BL/6J mice fed two types of α‐linolenic acid (ALA)‐rich lipids, spinach lipid (SPL), and linseed oil (LO). ALA was primarily present as the GL form in SPL, while it existed as TAG in LO. Supplementation of both lipids increased ALA and its n‐3 metabolites, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid, and decreased n‐6 PUFA, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid, in the livers, small intestines, and sera of the treated mice compared with those of the control group. When the comparison between the SPL and LO diets containing the same amount of ALA was conducted, the EPA and DPA levels in the liver lipids from mice fed the SPL diet were significantly higher than those fed the LO diet. Additionally, the total contents of n‐3 PUFA of lipids from the livers, small intestines, and sera of the SPL group were higher than those of the LO group. 相似文献
4.
The antioxidant effects of oil‐in‐water nanoemulsion based on edible citrus peel essential oils on the fatty acid composition of rainbow trout fillets stored at 4 ± 2 °C are investigated. Fish fillets are treated with nanoemulsion and stored for 16 days. Lipid samples are converted into fatty acid methyl esters which are then detected by gas chromatagrophy (GC). The results show that palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), stearic acid (C18:0), vaccenic acid (C18:1?‐7), oleic acid (C18:1?9), eicosenoic acid (C20:1?9), linoleic acid (C18:2?6), linolenic acid (C18:3?3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (C20:5?3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (C22:6?3) are the most important fatty acids in fish meat. While polyene index and hypocholesterolemic:hypercholesterolaemic fatty acid ratios decrease in trout fillets during cold storage, thrombogenicity index and atherogenicity index generally increase (especially in control and Tween 80 groups). The concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are higher in the treatment groups and the saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are lower in all groups compared to those of the control group. Application of nanoemulsion based on citrus essential oils prevents oxidation of PUFA especially EPA and DHA, thus has potential as a preservative for fish oil. Practical Applications: In recent years, nanotechnological applications have been increasingly applied to the protection of food. Similarly, natural essential oils are used to increase the shelf life of foods. This study demonstrates the combined effect of a new method of nanoemulsions and essential oils on the safety of foods. 相似文献
5.
Oxidative stability of conjugated linoleic acids relative to other polyunsaturated fatty acids 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Contrary to current opinion, conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) as a mixture of several isomers have been previously shown to
function as prooxidants in the form of free fatty acids and methyl esters in heated canola oil. Furthermore, CLA oxidizes
considerably faster than linoleic acid. However, stability of CLA relative to other polyunsaturated fatty acids remains undetermined.
The present study was therefore undertaken to examine the relative oxidation rate of CLA compared with that of linolenic acid
(LNA), arachidonic acid (AA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in air at 90°C. CLA, both in the form of free fatty acids and
triacylglycerols, were extremely unstable to the same extent as DHA, but they oxidized considerably faster than LNA and AA.
The mechanism by which CLA were readily decomposed was probably due to formation of the unstable free-radical intermediate. 相似文献
6.
During peroxidation, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl serine formed fluorescent chromophores with maximum emission
at 435 nm and maximum excitation at 365 nm. The development of fluorescence was related to formation of thiobarbituric acid
reactive substance during lipid peroxidation. This relationship was studied by reacting dipalmityl phosphatidyl ethanolamine
with the oxidation products of the methyl esters of arachidonic, linolenic and linoleic fatty acids. Reaction parameters affecting
the development of lipid-extractable fluorescent chromophores are: the production of peroxidation products, especially malonaldehyde,
from autoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids; the length of time these products react; and the availability of reactive
amino groups on the phospholipids. 相似文献
7.
Malgorzata Nogala‐Kalucka Bogumila Kupczyk Krzysztof Polewski Aleksander Siger Krzysztof Dwiecki 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2007,109(10):1028-1037
The effect of alpha‐tocopherol (alpha‐T) and quercetin on the formation of hydroperoxides of linoleic and linolenic acids during autoxidation at 60 ± 1 °C was investigated. Three isomers of hydroperoxides were detected using HPLC. Of isomers of linoleic acid hydroperoxides, 13‐hydroperoxy‐octadecadienoic acid trans‐trans (13‐HPODE t‐t), 9‐HPODE cis‐trans (9‐HPODE c‐t) and 9‐HPODE trans‐trans (9‐HPODE t‐t) were identified, constituting 64, 19 and 17% of the total amount, respectively. For linolenic acid, the components 13‐hydroperoxy‐octadecatrienoic acid trans‐trans (13‐HPOTE t‐t), 9‐HPOTE c‐t and 9‐HPOTE t‐t contributed 7, 33 and 60% to the total, respectively. The different dominant hydroperoxide isomers detected in linoleic and linolenic acids during oxidation are related to their chemical structure and the microenvironment of emulsion droplets. The ratios between specific isomers for both fatty acid hydroperoxides did not change during oxidation with or without antioxidants. Alpha‐T effectively inhibited the oxidation of fatty acids and reduced the formation of hydroperoxides. The total amount of the hydroperoxides decreased along with the increase in the concentration of alpha‐T, 1–40 µM. Quercetin inhibited the oxidation of both fatty acids at similar efficiency only at 40 µM concentration. A synergistic antioxidant effect of quercetin with alpha‐T in a binary system on both fatty acids was observed. 相似文献
8.
Pin-Der Duh Wen Jye Yen Gow-Chin Yen 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1999,76(2):201-204
The oxidative stability of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and soybean oil homogenized with emulsifiers was investigated.
Model emulsions were prepared from PUFA, including linoleic acid (LA), arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA),
and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and from soybean oil emulsified with different emulsifiers: three Tween emulsifiers (Tween
20, Tween 60, Tween 80) and two sucrose esters (S-1170 and S-1570) were used. The results showed that the emulsions prepared
from LA and the various emulsifiers, oxidized at 40°C, were unstable. However, the corresponding AA, EPA, and DHA emulsions
were stable, indicating that PUFA with a higher degree of unsaturation were more stable with emulsifiers than without the
emulsifiers. In the soybean oil-in-water model system, the oxidation of soybean oil with various emulsifiers was less than
without the emulsifiers. 相似文献
9.
Leon C. Boyd Mei Fong King Brian Sheldon 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1992,69(4):325-330
The stability of unsaturated fatty acids to oxidation was monitored by following gas chromatographic (GC) analyses of headspace
volatiles in comparison to changes in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and increases in malonaldehydevia the 2-thiobarbituric (TBA) assay. Pure standards of linoleic acid (Lo) and n-3 fatty acids [eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic
acid (DHA)] were added to headspace vials, equilibrated in air for 10 min, followed by heating at 80°C in teflon-capped vials
for different time intervals. Headspace analysis showed increases in acetaldehyde, propenal, and propanal, corresponding to
the oxidation of n-3 fatty acids, whereas hexanal production corresponded to losses of linoleic acid. The analysis of propanal
by GC-headspace after only five minutes of heating appeared to be the most effective method of monitoring the oxidation of
n-3 fatty acids, as indicated by correlations between TBA values and loss of PUFA. The oxidation of Lo, EPA and DHA appeared
to be a function of the number of double bonds. Correlations between PUFA depletion, TBA values and volatile formation indicate
that under the prescribed conditions of this experiment, GC-headspace analysis of propanal and pentane/hexanal is an excellent
method for following the oxidation of selected n-3 fatty acids and linoleic acid. 相似文献
10.
To support the growth and development of the breast‐fed infant, human milk provides the dietary essential fatty acids, linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n‐6), α‐linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n‐3), as well as longer‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids including arachidonic acid (20:4n‐6) and docosahexanoic (DHA 22:6n‐3). The linoleic acid, alpha‐linolenic acid, DHA and arachidonic acid concentration of pasteurized and unpasteurized human milk remains stable during the first month of storage at –20°C and –80°C. However after the first month, a slow decrease in concentration progresses until the end of 6 months of storage at both temperatures. The levels of n‐6 and n‐3 fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid, alpha‐linolenic acid and DHA, in human milk vary widely within and among different populations, and are readily changed by maternal dietary intake of the respective fatty acid. The present paper reviews recent understanding from key researchers of maternal diet and human milk fat composition and form our work the effect of milk fat composition on storage conditions. It is important to understand that maternal diet can affect human milk fat composition and subsequently infant development and growth. 相似文献
11.
Dietary ALA,But not LNA,Increase Growth,Reduce Inflammatory Processes,and Increase Anti‐Oxidant Capacity in the Marine Finfish Larimichthys crocea
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Whilst aquaculture feed is increasingly formulated with the inclusion of plant oils replacing fish oil, and increasing research effort has been invested in understanding the metabolic effects of reduced dietary n‐3 long chain poly unsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 LC‐PUFA), relatively little information is available on the potential direct metabolic roles of dietary alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n‐3) and alpha‐linolenic acid/linoleic acid (LNA, 18:2n‐6) ratio in cultured marine finfish species. In this study, four plant oil based diets, with varying ALA/LNA ratio (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5) were fed to juvenile large yellow croakers (Larimichthys crocea) and compared to a fish oil‐based control diet (CD) to evaluate the resulting effects on growth, nonspecific immunity, anti‐oxidant capacity and related gene expression. High dietary LNA negatively impacted fish growth performance, nonspecific immunity and antioxidant capacity, but growth and immunity were maintained to levels comparable to CD by increasing the ratio of dietary ALA/LNA. The over‐expression of genes associated with inflammation (cyclooxygenase‐2 and interleukin‐1β) and fatty acid oxidation (carnitine palmitoyl transferase I and acyl CoA oxidase) in croakers fed high concentrations of LNA were reduced to levels comparable to those fed CD by increasing dietary ALA/LNA. This study showed that dietary ALA, by increasing the overall n‐3/n‐6 PUFA ratio, exerts direct anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects, similar to those exerted by dietary n‐3 LC‐PUFA. 相似文献
12.
Andrew J. Sinclair Kerin O'Dea Graeme Dunstan Paul D. Ireland Maggie Niall 《Lipids》1987,22(7):523-529
The effects of very low fat diets (<7% energy) enriched with different sources of long chain (C20 and C22) polyunsaturated
fatty acids (PUFA) on plasma lipid levels and plasma fatty acids (PUFA) on plasma lipid levels and plasma fatty acid composition
were studied in 13 healthy volunteers. Three diets provided 500 g/day of tropical Australian fish (rich in arachidonic acid
and docosahexaenoic acid), southern Australian fish (rich in docosahexaenoic acid) or kangaroo meat (rich in linoleic and
arachidonic acids). The fourth diet was vegetarian, similarly low in fat but containing no 20- and 22-carbon PUFA. Subjects
ate their normal or usual diets on weeks 1 and 4 and the very low fat diets in weeks 2 and 3. Weighed food intake records
were kept, and weeks 2, 3 and 4 were designed to be isoenergetic with week 1.
Plasma cholesterol levels fell significantly on all diets within one week. There were reductions in both low density (LDL)
and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, with effects on HDL cholesterol being more consistent. There were no
consistent or significant effects on total triglyceride levels despite the high carbohydrate content of the diets. On all
diets the percentage of linoleic acid fell in the plasma phospholipid and cholesteryl ester fractions, while the percentage
of palmitic acid in the phospholipids and cholesteryl esters and palmitoleic acid in the cholesteryl ester fraction rose on
all diets. The percentage of arachidonic acid rose in the phospholipid and cholesteryl esters on the two diets that were good
sources of this fatty acid (tropical fish and kangaroo meat). The percentage of docosahexaenoic acid also rose on the two
diets that were the richest sources of this fatty acid (the fish diets), and the percentage of eicosapentaenoic acid rose
in the phospholipid and cholesteryl esters in proportion to the dietary level of this fatty acid (southern fish > kangaroo
> tropical fish). The changes in fatty acid composition were almost completely reversed within seven days of returning to
the usual higher fat diets. 相似文献
13.
Specific susceptibility of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid to peroxidation in aqueous solution 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The peroxidation of different polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) after photoirradiation in aqueous solution was evaluated
by measuring fatty acid loss and malonaldehyde production in medium. The oxidation rates of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and
docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), two highly unsaturated fatty acids of the n−3 series, were surprisingly lower (14 and 22%, respectively)
than the oxidation rates of linoleic, α-linolenic, γ-linolenic, dihomo γ-linolenic, and arachidonic acids (62–90%). The quantities
of malonaldehyde (MA) produced were assayed simultaneously by gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC). MA production was found to be related to both the degree of unsaturation and the metabolic series of the fatty acid.
The maximum value was observed with arachidonic acid (MA production from 2 mM arachidonic acid in aqueous solution was estimated
at 44.9±6.0 μM by GC and 46.8 ±4.0 μM by HPLC). Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid produced lower MA quantities
compared to arachidonic acid (MA production from 2 mM EPA and 2 mM DHA was estimated at 17.9±1.5 μM and 37.9±0.7 μM, respectively,
by GC, and 26.3±4.9 μM and 37.3±4.2 μM, respectively, by HPLC). The MA yield, defined as the amount of MA (nmols) produced
per 100 nanomoles of oxidized fatty acid, was used to express the susceptibility of individual PUFA to peroxidation. The MA
yield correlated well with the degree of unsaturation, but was independent of carbon chain length and metabolic series. The
study suggests that adequate assessment of lipid peroxidation cannot be achieved by measuring MA formation alone, but it also
requires knowledge of the fatty acid composition of the system studied. 相似文献
14.
Previous work has shown differences between male and female rats in their ability a) to mobilize linoleic acid from adipose
tissue when the supply is limited; b) to maintain higher levels of circulating and liver arachidonic acid when dietary linoleic
acid is limited; c) to prevent accumulation of cholesteryl ester (CE) in the liver; and d) to increase the proportions of
polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in their plasma lecithins.
Recent studies are reviewed which show that a) essential fatty acid (EFA)-deficient rats exhibit the same kinds of sex differences
as do rats on complete diets; b) these differences are mediated or at least influenced by estrogen; c) some of the differences
may be attributed to differences in body size which result in less need for PUFA in structural phospholipid (PL); d) the rate
of conversion of linoleic to arachidonic acid may differ under certain experimental conditions; and e) female rats have higher
proportions of stearic and arachidonic acids in their liver lecithins than do males, which may relate to their higher rate
of lecithin synthesis via methylation of phosphatidyl-ethanolamine.
Presented at the symposium on essential fatty acids in honor of George O. Burr, AOCS Meeting, Loss Angeles, April 1968. 相似文献
15.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of feeding n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-enriched chicken eggs
on plasma and liver cholesterol levels and fatty acid composition in rats. Eggs were collected from laying hens fed diets
containing 10% flax seed (Hn−3), 12% sunflower seed (Hn−6), or wheat and soybean meal control (CON). Yolk powders were prepared
and fed at the 15% level to weanling female Sprague-Dawley rats for 28 days. Consumption of n−3 PUFA-enriched yolks significantly
reduced both plasma and liver total cholesterol. Liver total lipids and phospholipids of rats fed Hn−3 diet were enriched
with linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids with a concomitant reduction of arachidonic acid in liver phospholipids.
The plasma cholesterol of rats fed yolk powders enriched with n−6 PUFA (mainly linoleic acid) was reduced to the same extent
as in those fed the n−3 enriched, but the liver cholesterol was significantly increased, indicating differential effects of
dietary n−3 and n−6 PUFA. The results demonstrated that the cholesterolemic and tissue lipid modulating properties of chicken
eggs could be modified in a favorable way by altering the fatty acid composition of yolk lipids through manipulation of laying
hen diets. 相似文献
16.
Charles M. Scrimgeour Alison Macvean Claire E. Fernie Jean‐Louis Sbdio R. A. Riemersma 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2001,103(6):341-349
Dietary trans monoenes have been associated with an increased risk of heart disease in some studies and this has caused much concern. Trans polyenes are also present in the diet, for example, trans α‐linolenic acid is formed during the deodorisation of α‐linolenic acid‐rich oils such as rapeseed oil. One would expect the intake of trans α‐linolenic acid to be on the increase since the consumption of rapeseed oil in the western diet is increasing. There are no data on trans α‐linolenic acid consumption and its effects. We therefore carried out a comprehensive study to examine whether trans isomers of this polyunsaturated fatty acid increased the risk of coronary heart disease. Since inhibition of Δ6‐desaturase had also been linked to heart disease, the effect of trans α‐linolenic acid on the conversion of [U‐13C]‐labelled linoleic acid to dihomo‐γ‐linolenic and arachidonic acid was studied in 7 healthy men recruited from the staff and students of the University of Edinburgh. Thirty percent of the habitual fat was replaced using a trans ‘free’‐ or ‘high’ trans α‐linolenic acid fat. After at least 6 weeks on the experimental diets, the men received 3‐oleyl, 1,2‐[U‐13C]‐linoleyl glycerol (15 mg twice daily for ten days). The fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids and the incorporation of 13C‐label into n‐6 fatty acids were determined at day 8, 9 and 10 and after a 6‐week washout period by gas chromatography‐combustion‐isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Trans α‐linolenic acid of plasma phospholipids increased from 0.04 ? 0.01 to 0.17 ? 0.02 and cis ? ‐linolenic acid decreased from 0.42 ? 0.07 to 0.29 ? 0.08 g/100 g of fatty acids on the high trans diet. The composition of the other plasma phospholipid fatty acids did not change. The enrichment of phosphatidyl 13C‐linoleic acid reached a plateau at day 10 and the average of the last 3 days did not differ between the low and high trans period. Both dihomo‐γ‐linolenic and arachidonic acid in phospholipids were enriched in 13C, both in absolute and relative terms (with respect to 13C‐linoleic acid). The enrichment was slightly and significantly higher during the high trans period (P<0.05). Our data suggest that a diet rich in trans α‐linolenic acid (0.6% of energy) does not inhibit the conversion of linoleic acid to dihomo‐γ‐linolenic and arachidonic acid in healthy middle‐aged men consuming a diet rich in linoleic acid. 相似文献
17.
The oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in emulsion with stirring and limited oxygen compensation was studied. A mathematical model of diffusion-oxidation was developed considering the mass transfer resistance of a gas-liquid boundary, the resistance of the boundary layer from the emulsifier membrane, and the autocatalytic-type autoxidation reaction of PUFA. The dynamic mass transfer coefficient of the emulsifier membrane, k0, was introduced. The model was verified by comparing the predictions of the model with the experi- mental data. The results indicated that the model was in good agreement with the oxygen diffusion and linoleic acid oxidation in the emulsion, and showed good applicability in the prediction of the effect of the emulsifier type on the oxidation of PUFA in the emulsion. It indicated that the oxidation of PUFA in emulsions, with stirring and limited oxygen compensation from the atmosphere, was controlled mostly by mass transfer resistance from the emulsifier membrane. 相似文献
18.
Afaf Kamal‐Eldin Nedyalka V. Yanishlieva 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2002,104(12):825-836
Currently there is great interest in dietary n‐3 fatty acids to promote health. The food industry aims to produce food products enriched in α‐linolenic acid (Ln), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and/or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to reduce some of the physiological effects of linoleic acid (L), the major polyunsaturated fatty acid in our diet. However, the goal is hampered by the susceptibility of the n‐3 fatty acids to oxidation. As a result the sensory and nutritional quality of such foods deteriorates. Lipid scientists therefore have to find a way to stabilise these fatty acids. Innovative technologies to protect n‐3 polyunsaturates using antioxidants, adequate preparation, refining and packaging of the oil are needed. In this paper we review the inherent stability and the stabilisation of these nutritionally valuable polyunsaturated fatty acids. 相似文献
19.
Cynomolgus monkeys were fed oils high in linoleic acid or with half of the linoleic acid replaced by either (n−3) linolenic
acid or marine fatty acids. When the diet contained similar quantities of linoleic and (n−3) linolenic acid, erythrocyte fatty
acids maintained a ratio of (n−6) to (n−3) fatty acids of approximately 2∶4. Fatty acids from menhaden oil enhanced the incorporation
of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids into the monkey erythrocytes, the composition of which was not altered by additional
α-tocopherol. 相似文献
20.
The volatile flavor compounds in a reverted soybean oil with a peroxide number of 4.3 meq/kg were isolated by a semicontinuous counter-current vacuum steam-distillation process, fractionated by repeated gas chromatography, and identified by infrared and mass spectrometry. A total of 71 compounds were identified, which included 19 acids, 39 nonacidic compounds, and 13 tentatively identified compounds. The acids consisted of eight normal saturated acids, nine α,β-unsaturated acids, a branch-chain acid, one hydroxy acid, two keto acids, three lactones, and one aromatic acid. The nonacidic compounds consisted of two esters, eight normal saturated aldehydes, two branched-chain aldehydes, five 2-enals, three dienals, eight ketones, eight alcohols, six hydrocarbons, and four aromatic compounds. The mechanism of formation of the identified compounds indicated that they were mostly primary or secondary autoxidation products of the hydroperoxides of the unsaturated fatty esters. Since many of the identified compounds were produced from oleic and linoleic acids, it is doubtful that linolenic acid was solely responsible for the reversion flavor. Of the compounds identified two are of unusual interest. They are 1-decyne and 2-pentyl furan. The former is the first acetylenic compound reported as the autoxidation products of unsaturated fatty esters which contained only double bonds. The latter imparts to an oil at concentrations of 5–10 ppm a beany and grassy flavor reminiscent of that of a reverted soybean oil. Since this compound is postulated as being produced by the autoxidation of linolenic acid, it is suggested that the presence of linolenic acid catalyzes the autoxidation of linoleic acid and possibly alters the decomposition pattern of its hydroperoxides. 相似文献