TiAlSiN纳米复合涂层的改性研究现状及发展

随着切削技术向高速、高效、高精、绿色、智能方向发展,切削加工对刀具及涂层性能提出了更高的要求,以TiAlSiN涂层为代表的四元硬质涂层发展迅速。综述了单层TiAlSiN纳米复合涂层的制备工艺、结构与性能特点,根据TiAlSiN单层涂层存在低韧性和低结合强度的问题,提出了对TiAlSiN涂层改性研究的必要性。综述了结构改性、成分改性以及二者相结合改性TiAlSiN涂层的制备工艺、结构与性能特点,指出了纳米多层结构的TiAlSiN涂层中存在的横向层间界面对原子的扩散具有良好的阻碍作用,涂层的抗氧化性由此被提高,涂层硬度等力学性能受多层结构的调制层成分、调制周期等因素影响而被提高或降低。介绍了C、Cu、Cr、V等合金化元素在TiAlSiN涂层中的作用效果,C元素在涂层中具有减摩作用,Cu元素的主要作用是增强涂层与基体的结合,Cu、Cr、V元素在涂层中均使涂层硬度不同程度降低,提出了最大限度发挥添加元素与层间界面结构的协同作用来获取最佳性能的纳米多层结构TiAlSiN基多元涂层是今后研究的重要方向之一。此外,还提出了通过基体前处理和涂层后处理增强TiAlSiN涂层韧性和层基结合强度的发展方向。     

多层梯度结构对TiAlSiN涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响

为提高304不锈钢耐磨损性能,采用磁过滤阴极弧等离子体沉积的方法制备TiAlSiN多层梯度涂层,研究多层梯度结构对涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、纳米压痕仪和划痕仪等方法对涂层的表面形貌、物相结构以及力学性能进行表征,并通过MST-3001摩擦磨损试验仪测试不同结构涂层的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:与TiAlSiN单层涂层相比,TiAlSiN多层梯度涂层具有更高的结合力和韧性;两种涂层的摩擦因数和磨损率都远小于304不锈钢,其中TiAlSiN多层梯度涂层具有比单层涂层更低的磨损率,磨损率由2.6×104μm3/(N·m)降至8.5×103μm3/(N·m),降低了67.8%,TiAlSiN多层梯度涂层磨痕表面光滑致密,主要磨损机制为轻微粘着磨损、磨粒磨损和氧化磨损的协同作用。     

工作气压对TiBN/TiAlSiN纳米多层涂层的结构和性能影响

为应对高速干式切削、工磨具行业对新型防护涂层的需求,制造高硬度、耐摩擦磨损的纳米复合涂层具有巨大的市场前景。 采用阴极多弧离子镀技术,在不同的工作气压下用 TiB2 和 TiAlSi 合金靶作为阴极蒸发靶材,在硬质合金衬底上分别沉积了 TiBN,TiAlSiN 涂层和 TiBN/ TiAlSiN 多层涂层。 借助于 XRD、 XPS、 SEM、 AFM 和 HRTEM 对涂层的成分、形貌及微观结构进行表征分析。 并用纳米压痕硬度计和球盘式摩擦测试仪分别研究了涂层的硬度和摩擦磨损性能。 研究结果表明:TiBN/ TiAlSiN 涂层呈现一种非晶相包裹纳米多晶相的微观结构形态,工作气压越高,涂层表面越趋于光滑;涂层在 1. 0 Pa 工作气压下涂层显微硬度值达到 38 GPa;在 2. 0 Pa 的工作气压下,涂层显微硬度值约 34 GPa,摩擦因数低于 0. 29。 与 TiBN 和 TiAlSiN 涂层相比,TiBN/ TiAlSiN 纳米多层涂层的机械、摩擦学性能更加优越,这为应用在干式切削、磨削工具领域的硬质润滑多层涂层的制备与研究指明了一条方向。     

真空热处理对多弧离子镀TiAlSiN涂层性能的影响

为提高TiAlSiN涂层的力学性能,研究了真空热处理对多弧离子镀TiAlSiN涂层微观组织和力学性能的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、自动划痕仪、纳米压痕仪、摩擦磨损测试仪等表征其表面形貌、物相组成和力学性能。结果表明:热处理引起了涂层的晶格畸变,降低了TiN固溶体相的平均晶格常数,导致其衍射峰向高角度偏移;热处理会粗化涂层表面,并导致TiAlSi中间过渡层界面消失。经过800℃热处理后,涂层的纳米硬度和结合力达到最大值,分别为35.01 GPa和54.45 N;涂层的平均摩擦因数最小,由热处理前的0.679降低至0.372,比热处理前下降了约45.2%。     

不同结构PVD涂层刀片对铣削模具钢耐磨性的影响

本文研究了5种PVD薄膜(TiAlN+TiAlSiN双层结构、TiAlN+AlCrN双层结构、TiAlSiN+TiSiN复合多层结构、TiAlSiN+TiSiN双层结构、AlCrN+TiSiN复合多层结构)涂层圆片铣刀干式铣削模具钢时的磨损特性。切削实验结果显示:当后刀面磨损量达到0.3 mm时,TiAlN+AlCrN双层结构涂层刀片的加工距离最长,达到了160 m,是TiAlN+TiAlSiN双层结构涂层刀片的2倍;TiAlSiN+TiSiN复合多层结构涂层刀片的3.3倍;AlCrN+TiSiN复合多层结构涂层刀片的1.6倍;是表现最差的TiAlSiN+TiSiN双层结构涂层刀片的10倍。5种PVD薄膜涂层刀片切削模具钢的磨损机理主要为粘着磨损,磨粒磨损和氧化磨损。本文研究结果对模具钢的高效涂层刀片的选取具有一定的指导意义。     

多元等离子体浸没离子注入与沉积和磁控溅射技术制备TiAlSiN/WS_2多层薄膜的力学性能和腐蚀行为(英文)

为了降低超硬TiAlSiN复合涂层的摩擦因数,采用多元等离子体浸没离子注入与沉积和射频(RF)磁控溅射技术制备TiAlSiN/WS2多层薄膜,利用XRD、SEM、Raman光谱、纳米探针、摩擦和电化学试验对薄膜的微结构、力学性能和腐蚀行为进行测试与分析。SEM结果表明:TiAlSiN/WS2多层薄膜具有清晰的调制周期。纳米硬度结果表明,TiAlSiN/WS2多层薄膜硬度介于TiAlSiN和WS2涂层硬度之间。摩擦实验结果证实TiAlSiN/WS2多层薄膜的摩擦因数低于TiAlSiN涂层的,且摩擦过程平稳。此外,TiAlSiN/WS2多层薄膜表现出良好的抗腐蚀能力,在相对较小的调制周期内,其腐蚀电流密度显著降低。     

AlCrBN/AlCrSiN纳米晶多层复合涂层的制备及其性能

目的制备高硬度、高耐磨性、自润滑及高热稳定性的AlCrBN/AlCrSiN纳米晶多层复合涂层,探索涂层的微观结构、力学性能、耐磨性能及高温热稳定性能。方法采用多弧离子镀技术在WC-Co硬质合金以及不锈钢基底上,制备AlCrBN/AlCrSiN多层纳米晶复合涂层。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、纳米压痕仪等设备,对涂层在不同温度(600~1000℃)下退火前后的表面形貌、微观结构、力学性能、耐磨性能进行系统研究。结果AlCrSiN/AlCrBN涂层为典型的纳米晶复合多层结构,涂层主要由fcc-AlCrN纳米晶镶嵌在非晶的SiNx和BNx中并形成多层结构。涂层具有优异的热稳定性能,其结构能够保持到800℃不发生变化,当温度增加到900℃时,涂层发生调幅分解,形成c-AlN、hcp-AlN和Cr2N等复合结构,在1000℃退火后,涂层结构基本稳定,仍能检测到CrN相。涂层纳米硬度及平均摩擦因数分别为29.15 GPa和0.67。结论AlCrSiN/AlCrBN涂层具有优异的力学性能、耐磨性能及高温热稳定性能,在800℃以下保持稳定,在1000℃退火后仍能保持较高的硬度及良好的耐磨性能,在高速切削刀具中具有良好的应用前景。     

多弧离子镀TiAlSiN梯度涂层制备及切削性能

针对含Si超硬涂层与基体结合强度不足,切削过程中涂层易发生剥落从而导致涂层刀具切削性能低的问题,采用离子源增强的多弧离子镀技术在硬质合金刀具上制备了不同含Si层梯度结构的TiAlSiN梯度涂层。利用XRD、SEM、OM以及切削试验探讨不同含Si层梯度结构对涂层物相、表面形貌、膜基结合强度、摩擦磨损以及切削性能的影响。结果显示：不同含Si层梯度结构的TiAlSiN涂层主要由固溶的（Ti,Al） N和（Al,Ti） N相组成。其中,低Si直接过渡的TiAlSiN涂层（S3）呈现出较高的硬度、良好的膜基结合力、较低的涂层残余应力和摩擦因数。铣削结果显示,涂层刀具的切削磨损机理主要表现为粘着磨损。当切削速度为80 m/min时,低Si过渡涂层（S3涂层）表现出更高的切削长度（925 m）,显著高于S1涂层的525 m;当切削速度由80 m/min增加至110 m/min时,S3涂层切削长度增加到1650 m。对含Si刀具涂层进行梯度设计,可有效提高涂层的膜-基结合强度和涂层刀具的切削性能。     

基于计算机数值模拟的TiAlSiN涂层刀具切削性能研究

为研究TiAlSiN涂层对硬质合金刀具切削性能的影响,采用DEFORM-3D有限元分析软件进行切削仿真试验,模拟了TiAlSiN涂层与未涂层硬质合金刀具在相同切削条件下切削钛合金时的切削温度、切削力;并比较了不同膜厚的TiAlSiN涂层对刀具切削性能的影响。试验结果表明:TiAlSiN涂层具有低的摩擦系数,可以有效地减小切削力,3μm的TiAlSiN涂层刀具比未涂层刀具以及厚度为6μm的涂层刀具切削力小,但切削温度最高;6μm厚的刀具涂层切削温度最低,但切削力较大。     

TiAlSiN涂层增韧技术及抗氧化性研究进展

TiAlSiN涂层具有较好的综合力学性能、抗氧化性和热稳定性能,不仅满足刀具、钻头等加工工具表面强化需要,还能应用于高温塑料模具表面强化、汽轮机叶片高温防护、高速微系统齿轮耐磨性提高等方面,被认为是最新一代的超硬涂层材料之一,具有良好的市场应用前景。综述了TiAlSiN涂层增韧技术、涂层氧化机理和抗氧化性的研究进展,分析了TiAlSiN涂层在增韧和抗氧化方面存在的问题,并提出了今后的研究方向。     

Molybdenum based amorphous and nanocrystalline coatings prepared by high velocity oxy-fuel spraying

The high velocity oxy-fuel(HVOF) based thermal spray process has developed as a potential advantageous approach for fabricating various kinds of functional coatings.In this article,the coatings of Mo-based alloy were synthesized using the HVOF process.The microstructure and the mechanical properties of the HVOF-processed coatings were investigated using SEM,TEM,XRD,and hardness and wear tests.Annealing treatment was applied to the as-sprayed coatings to develop the microstructure and its effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the coatings was examined.It is found that the HVOF-processed Mo-based alloy coatings are comprised of an amorphous splat matrix embedded with nano-sized crystalline particles.Annealing at temperatures over 950 ℃ results into crystallization of the amorphous matrix.The mechanical properties of the as-sprayed coatings are enhanced with annealing temperature up to 750 ℃ and from 950 to 1050 ℃,keeps constant between 750 and 950 ℃,and reduce over 1050 ℃.The change of the mechanical property with the microstructure was illustrated in the study.     

Effect of Ti content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiAlSiN nanocomposite coatings

TiAlSiN coatings has been proposed and studied because of their desirable properties in hardness and coating-substrate adhesion. Further improvement of their performance can be achieved by better understanding the effect of the concentration of each element on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the coatings. In this paper, the TiAlSiN coatings with different Ti content were deposited by reactive DC magnetron sputtering method. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the coatings were analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, nano-indentor and Rockwell indentation tester. The results reveal that TiAlSiN coatings consisted of amorphous phase and crystalline phase. With a Ti content of 63 at.%, as well as a Si content of 7 at.%, a super-hard TiAlSiN coating with a nanoindentation hardness of 66 GPa was achieved. What is more, in contrast to the well-described super-hard nanocomposite TiAlSiN coatings, another “nanocomposite” microstructure coating with a Ti content of 29 at.% in which the amorphous phase is wrapped in a crystalline phase was identified, with a comparatively low hardness value of 20 GPa. The highest adhesion strengths with a Rockwell indentation classes HF2 was achieved for a coating with a Ti content of 63 or 65 at.%.     

TiAlN,TiAlSiN涂层的制备及其切削性能

目的研究TiAlN及TiAlSiN涂层的微观结构及力学性能,以及硬质合金涂层刀具切削SUS304不锈钢的切削性能及磨损行为。方法采用阴极电弧离子镀技术在硬质合金试片及铣刀上分别制备纳微米TiAlN及TiAlSiN涂层。通过X射线荧光测量系统测量涂层的厚度,用扫描电镜(SEM)观察涂层表面形貌,用能谱仪(EDAX)分析涂层元素成分,用X射线衍射(XRD)分析涂层晶相结构,用纳米压痕仪表征涂层硬度,用洛氏硬度计定性测量涂层结合力,通过高速铣削试验探究涂层刀具的切削性能及磨损行为。结果 TiAlN及TiAlSiN涂层的厚度分别为3.32μm和3.35μm,表面致密、光滑,高分辨率(20 000×)下观察到涂层表面有液滴、针孔及凹坑存在。Si元素促进了Ti N(200)晶相的生长,晶粒尺寸减小,硬度增加。TiAlN及TiAlSiN涂层的显微硬度分别为29.6 GPa及37.7 GPa,结合力分别满足VDI-3198工业标准的HF3和HF1等级。在130 m/min的高速切削条件下,TiAlSiN涂层刀具寿命约为未涂层刀具的5倍,TiAlN涂层刀具的1.5倍。结论 Si掺杂制备的TiAlSiN涂层具有高的硬度及良好的抗粘附性,更适用于不锈钢材料的高速切削加工。     

Ti_3SiC_2弥散强化Cu:一种新的弥散强化铜合金

选用具有高导电、高导热性能的新型陶瓷Ti3SiC2做为弥散强化相,通过与Cu粉末高能球磨混合后,热压成一种新型弥散强化Cu材料机械性能测试表明,随着Ti3SiC2体积分数的提高,弥散强化,Cu的屈服强度和维氏硬度线性上升分析表明Ti3SiC2相的晶粒细化和位错塞积是主要强化机制,当颗粒粗化和团聚后Ti3SiC2的强化效果将明显减弱     

高熵合金涂层的研究进展

高熵合金涂层由于具有优于块体高熵合金和传统金属涂层的综合性能,在航空航天、核反应堆等极端服役环境下表现出了巨大的应用潜力。涂层低维形态产生的尺寸效应与高熵合金独特的多主元特征效应相耦合,使高熵合金涂层具有成分均匀、组织致密、结构稳定、性能优异等特点。概述了近年来高熵合金涂层的主要制备技术,简述了不同制备方法的原理、优势及工艺参数对涂层组织性能的影响。探讨了高熵合金中主要组元元素的作用、相结构的调控准则、多相转变行为等微观组织结构的特征与影响机制。论述了高熵合金涂层的服役性能特点,包括力学性能、抗氧化、耐腐蚀、抗辐照及耐磨损性能,并分析了成分/工艺-组织-性能的关联及相关作用机理。最后,总结了目前研究工作中存在的关键科学难题与挑战,对高熵合金涂层的研究方向与应用前景进行了展望。     

Effects of nano-sized TiB2 particles and Al3Zr dispersoids on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu based materials

The effects of TiB₂ and Zr on the microstructure, aging response and mechanical properties of hot-extruded Al–Zn–Mg–Cu based materials were investigated and compared by multi-scale microstructure characterization techniques. The results showed that proper addition of TiB₂ particles could refine grain size during solidification, promote dynamic recrystallization during extrusion, and inhibit grain growth during solution treatment. Meanwhile, Zr addition had minor influence on the grain refinement during solidification, but could effectively suppress recrystallization and grain growth compared with the Zr-free alloy. Furthermore, the TiB₂ addition could simultaneously enhance the aging kinetics and peak-aged hardness of the materials. Comparatively, Zr addition could also improve the peak-aged hardness with minor effect on the aging kinetics of the materials. Finally, the quench sensitivity, elastic modulus and tensile properties of the materials were compared and studied. Specifically, the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties, and the strengthening mechanisms were discussed in detail.     

C 掺杂方式对 TiAlSiN 膜层组织及性能的影响

采用电弧离子镀与磁控溅射联合沉积技术,以不同的C掺杂方式在高速钢基体表面制备了C/TiAlSiN多元复合硬质膜层,对膜层的成分、组织结构、显微硬度及摩擦磨损性能进行了表征,并与相同条件下制备的未掺杂TiAlSiN膜进行了对比。结果表明,不同的掺杂方式使得膜层的组织与性能不同,在TiAlSiN硬质膜层的制备过程中实施C掺杂,能够显著优化该膜层体系的组织结构及显微硬度,并大大改善其摩擦磨损性能。     

Structure and mechanical properties of TiAlSiN/Si3N4 multilayer coatings

TiAlSiN/Si₃N₄ multilayer coatings which have different separate layer thicknesses of TiAlSiN or Si₃N₄ were deposited onto glass sheets, single-crystal silicon wafers and polished WC-Co substrates by reactive magnetron co-sputtering. The morphology, crystalline structure and thickness of the as-prepared multilayer coatings were characterized by TEM, SEM, XRD and film thickness measuring instrument. The mechanical properties of the coatings were evaluated by a nanoindenter. The effects of monolayer thickness on the microstructure and properties of TiAlSiN/Si₃N₄ multilayer coatings were explored. The coatings showed the highest hardness when the thickness of Si₃N₄ and TiAlSiN monolayers was 0.33 nm and 5.8 nm, respectively. The oxidation characteristics of the coatings were studied at temperatures ranging from 700 °C to 900 °C for oxidation time up to 20 h in air. It was found that the coatings displayed good oxidation resistance.