介电弹性体机电性能测试系统的研制

为了能更安全高效地测试介电弹性体的变形和应变,建立了一种介电弹性体机电性能测试系统。首先设计双向材料预拉伸机构,实现对介电弹性体薄膜进行精确的双向预拉伸,接着使用AVR单片机编写的PWM程序给介电弹性体中心的圆形电极区域逐步施加高电压,再使用高性能工业数字摄像机对介电弹性体薄膜的变化进行实时采集。最后用MATLAB编写的程序分别打开各次采集的图像,对所采集图像进行诸如灰度图、二值化、边缘提取、形态学处理等加工,获得介电弹性体中心的圆形电极区域图像面积的变化量,从而得到介电弹性体的机电特性曲线。     

基于介电弹性体的旋转步进柔性驱动器

为了适应未来小型自动化机器的驱动需求,设计并实现了一种基于单层介电弹性体薄膜的旋转步进柔性驱动器。相对于传统双轴拉伸装置,自制的八爪拉伸装置使介电弹性体薄膜的预拉伸更均匀。测试了不同预拉伸量下介电弹性体驱动器的最大形变量,确定了制作驱动单元所需的介电弹性体薄膜最佳的预拉伸量。最终通过合理的设计将棘轮机构和驱动单元相结合实现了旋转步进柔性驱动。由于介电弹性体驱动器存在迟滞现象,导致驱动器的步进频率会随着负载质量的增大而减小。通过调节驱动信号的频率,可以改变驱动器的负载能力及步进频率。试验结果表明,当驱动电压为4.53 kV,空载时驱动器步进频率最高可达2.3 Hz;负载时,最大负载为263 g,即峰值扭矩为13.15 mN·m,此时步进频率降至0.22 Hz。     

新型电致活化材料—介电弹性体的驱动特性研究

为解决微型致动器、人造肌肉、仿生机器人等新型科技研究领域短缺问题,将电活性聚合物材料—介电弹性体应用于新型驱动器研究中,开展了对弹性体材料驱动特性的相关分析.通过实验研究了影响E-ACE材料激活区(电极涂层区域)面积应变的主要因素,以寻找激活区面积应变和这些影响因素之间的关系,进而根据它们之间的关系确定能获得所需激活区...     

纯剪切模式介电弹性体发电机发电特性

为研究介电弹性体发电机的发电特性,基于COMSOL有限元软件建立了在纯剪切拉伸方式下的介电弹性体发电机有限元仿真机电耦合模型。该模型基于Yeoh超弹性材料本构,同时耦合发电机膜内静电力,根据可变电容理论对发电机电容变化及发电效果进行研究。设计了可Y向预拉伸的纯剪切拉伸装置,并在不同预拉伸条件下对发电机薄膜样本进行了拉伸实验,分析了其电容变化及发电效果。对比了仿真数据与实验结果,仿真模型的电容变化与实验测得的电容变化情况基本吻合,仿真模型一个周期内的输出电压变化与实验测得的电压变化基本吻合。实验及仿真结果表明,在相同的拉伸条件下,Y向预拉伸增大了初始电容及电容变化速率,且当Y向预拉伸λ=1时的上升电压为83V,而λ=2时的上升电压达到252V,改善了发电性能。本文提出的介电弹性体发电机新的研究方法为发电机样机设计提供了新的思路。     

介电弹性体线性驱动器研究

为满足未来机电系统对新型驱动器的需求,研究菱形介电弹性体线性驱动器。在分析驱动器工作原理的基础上,通过驱动器力—位移曲线和预载荷关系的分析,确定弹性预载荷元件。驱动器通电后能迅速响应,线性位移达到21 mm,弹性体面积变化率达到98%;驱动器失电后能迅速退回,最终退回到初始位置。通过试验分析电压和负载对驱动器的影响,试验表明：驱动器输出位移取决于电压;负载在驱动器输出力范围内对输出位移影响不大,但会影响其运动速度。并根据驱动器的特点,指出驱动器的应用范围。     

锥型介电弹性体驱动器的性能研究

介电弹性体驱动器在机器人系统、医疗机械系统以及智能驱动系统方面已经显示出广泛的应用潜能,具有结构简单、质量轻、能量密度大、效率高、变形大的优点.采用3M VHB4910介电弹性体设计并制作了锥型介电弹性体驱动器,并进行了锥型驱动器的驱动实验.测得锥型驱动器在一个通断电过程中的力一位移曲线,并计算得到驱动器的差力为1.65 N.实验结果表明锥型驱动器在通电后可以较大的线性位移,面积变化率为15.49%,断电后又能较快地恢复初始位置.同时对驱动器在一个工作周期中的做功进行分析,指出锥型驱动器可以通过多层薄膜的叠加来提高输出功.     

基于介电弹性体驱动的仿生象鼻软体驱动器设计分析

在软体机器人的发展过程中,软体驱动器结构简单化、轻量化设计一直是研究热点。受到象鼻结构与驱动原理的启发,设计了一种基于介电弹性体和多孔PDMS材料的仿生软体驱动器。首先对介电弹性体人工肌肉驱动机理进行了分析,并通过驱动变形实验确定了最大形变参数;然后设计了基于多孔PDMS材料的支撑脊柱结构,并通过压缩实验测试了力学性能;最后,通过将介电弹性体包覆在支撑脊柱外层,形成了具有圆柱结构的仿生软体驱动器。驱动实验结果表明,软体驱动器在电压激励下能够获得大角度(最大42°)连续稳定弯曲变形以及较快的响应速度。     

电活性聚合物材料及其在驱动器中的应用研究

介绍电活性聚合物(Electro-active polymer,EAP)材料的基本概念与分类,并以离子聚合物-金属复合材料(Ionicpolymer-metal composites,IPMC)和介电弹性材料(Dielectric elastomers,DE)分别作为离子型和电子型EAP材料的典型代表,详细介绍其国内外研究现状。重点介绍本课题组对上述两种材料的制备工艺、基础理论等方面的研究进展及成果。针对IPMC材料,研究了制备工艺对电极沉积的影响及工艺优化、IPMC界面物理模型、铸膜及封装技术、IPMC材料大变形机理及建模;针对DE材料,研究其电致驱动的机电耦合特性及预拉伸、温度及黏弹性对其机电耦合稳定性的影响。简要介绍本课题组在基于EAP材料的微泵、微镜头驱动器以及面向微创手术的多自由度机械臂等方面的应用研究成果。     

介电弹性体隔振平台设计与多物理场耦合仿真分析

针对航空航天等领域轻质结构的隔振问题,考虑到隔振性能和可靠性的要求,设计了一种介电弹性体半主动隔振平台,并结合自由能理论建立了该隔振系统的机电耦合动力学参激振动微分方程。将介电弹性体材料力电耦合模拟材料子程序(UMAT)嵌入Abaqus非线性有限元分析软件,进行多物理场耦合仿真分析,分析介电弹性体半主动隔振系统共振频率、模态振型与频响函数,从而得到其隔振特性与适用范围。     

介电型电活性聚合物圆柱驱动器特性

介电型电活性聚合物(Electroactive polymer, EAP)驱动器的动、静态特性是其合理使用及优化设计的重要依据。构建圆柱形驱动器几何模型描述其几何变形,结合EAP膜机电耦合方程推导驱动器轴向线性运动的动力学方程。驱动器的电压-位移数值计算结果显示内外层EAP膜柔性电极涂覆方式会影响驱动器位移。基于驱动器的电压位移关系,对其主要失效形式进行讨论。将基于neo-Hookean弹簧的1个时间常数黏弹性模型修正为具有2个时间常数的模型,并将2种模型运用于阶跃和周期电压激励下的驱动器动态响应研究。理论计算与试验结果的对比分析表明,2个时间常数的黏弹性模型对驱动器的动态位移描述更为准确。在周期激励电压下,提高频率会显著减小驱动器位移幅值,驱动器的“激励死区”会减小其振动中心偏移及振动幅度。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.