我国大米加工技术现状及展望

对大米加工过程中各环节如稻谷干燥、稻谷清理、砻谷及砻下物分离、碾米及白米分级、大米精加工、包装及保藏及副产品利用等现有技术特点及参数进行了详细描述,就目前存在的主要问题进行了初步分析,并对未来发展进行了预测。     

无缝内衣染色短流程工艺分析和研究

无缝内衣的纤维原料多数在两种或两种以上。文中对锦纶及锦纶包芯纱、棉（再生纤维素纤维）锦及锦纶包芯纱、涤锦及锦纶包芯纱（涤棉锦及锦纶包芯纱）、腈黏锦及锦纶包芯纱无缝内衣的传统染整工艺进行了分析,通过生产实践提出了改进短流程工艺,对比传统工艺认为：改进工艺,缩短染色工艺流程,减少了染色时间,降低了水、电、汽的用量,降低了对环境的污染。     

钛及钛合金的性质及表面处理技术探讨

文章介绍了钛及钛合金的基本性质及组织结构,并且综述了强化钛及钛合金表面的各种处理技术,如渗氮、渗碳、渗硼、渗氧、激光表面处理等。表明了各种表面处理技术都可以强化钛及钛合金的表面硬度及耐磨性,希望为相关工作提供参考。     

进口平洗连煮控制系统的技术改造及升级

研究了进口平洗连煮整个控制系统的技术改造及升级的一种方法,达到改造费用低、设备性能提升,保证了设备持续可用,并为公司节约维修及购机费用,降低公司运营成本。详细介绍了控制系统的构成、配置、原理及功能,叙述了改造升级的方法及创新点。充分利用西门子公司强大的工业控制及驱动技术,结合系统整合能力,用中低端产品实现了高端产品的性能。     

淀粉的改性及其在皮革中的应用研究进展北大核心

简要介绍了淀粉的结构特点及物理性质,重点阐述了接枝淀粉、氧化淀粉、交联淀粉、阳离子淀粉及羧甲基淀粉的改性机理及研究现状,综述了淀粉及其衍生物在皮革鞣剂、皮革涂饰剂、皮革填充剂及制革废水处理等方面的应用现状,并展望了淀粉及其衍生物在皮革工业的发展趋势。     

蛋白质组学技术及其在乳及乳制品中的应用研究进展

蛋白质组学技术是近年来生命科学研究的重要工具,在食品、医学及动植物研究领域具有独特优势。利用蛋白质组学技术研究乳及乳制品,深入阐明其中蛋白质的表达及动态变化已成为当前的研究热点。该文主要综述了蛋白质组学的概念、常用技术及应用领域,重点介绍蛋白质组学在乳及乳制品领域,特别是在乳脂肪球膜蛋白、乳清蛋白、乳及乳制品加工过程以及干酪制品中的研究应用,探讨了目前乳及乳制品蛋白质组学研究中存在的问题与局限,并对蛋白质组学及其在乳及乳制品中的应用前景进行了总结与展望,为应用蛋白质组学技术深入研究乳及乳制品提供了理论依据。     

基于SWOT-PEST模型的苎麻检测及人才培养分析

通过SWOT因子分析,厘清了苎麻检测及人才所面临的内部优势、内部劣势、外部机会、外部威胁;PEST因子分析,厘清了苎麻检测及人才在政治、经济、社会、技术环境下现状。由此列出了苎麻检测及人才SWOT-PEST矩阵表,提出了苎麻检测平台构建及人才培养发展途径,即发挥政府主导优势,加强检测服务功能,加强苎麻标准建设,重视人才引进培养和基于学习产出理念,最终落实到苎麻检测及人才培养。     

纺织品用抗菌剂的发展及应用

综述了三大类纺织品用抗菌剂的发展现状、产品种类、特点及应用情况,重点介绍了动物源及绿色植物源天然抗菌剂的特点及应用,简述了抗菌剂的发展趋势及开发过程中要注意的问题。     

食品中三聚氰胺及类似物检测技术研究进展

近年来,相继报道了三聚氰胺及类似物污染宠物食品及乳制品的食品安全事件。这些事件的发生促进了各种检测三聚氰胺及类似物方法的发展,包括高效液相色谱法、气相色谱法、质谱法、毛细管电泳法和酶联免疫法等。针对上述检测方法的前处理进行了简单介绍,总结了基于仪器法和快速筛查法在检测三聚氰胺及类似物时的表现,比较了各自的优缺点,简单探讨了三聚氰胺及类似物检测方法的发展方向。     

VOD影视系统在旅客列车上的应用及探讨

文章简述了VOD影视系统在旅客列车上的应用及发展,分析了旅客列车VOD系统的功能需求及特点、讲述了系统的结构及原理,探讨了发展历程及前景展望。     

Altering milk composition through genetic selection

The genetic relationships among carrier, fat, protein, and lactose will allow genetic alteration in any direction desired, although some changes would be much easier than others. Genetic parameters may vary somewhat between different populations, thus affecting the rates of different directions of change. In general, however, selection for an alteration in the fat:protein ratio would proceed rapidly, principally through alteration of fat concentration. Genetic alteration of composition is likely only if economic incentives for such change exist. Economic values, and therefore selection pressure, should be applied to amounts of components rather than concentrations. Recent developments in the theory of deriving economic weights for animal breeding indicate that selection indexes need to be reassessed. Although optimum breeding goals will vary somewhat, in most circumstances fat and protein yields and concentrations and the fat:protein ratio are likely to increase due to genetic selection. Only in the unlikely situation that fat has a very small or negative economic weight are other changes indicated. Lactose concentrations are unlikely to change much in any situation. Genetic variation in the composition of fat and protein, while of biological interest, is unlikely to be of more than minor importance in genetic improvement.     

合绳机的变频控制

介绍K6/1000合绳机设备存在的问题和改造的必要性,给出控制系统接线图,选用无速度传感器矢量控制功能的SJ300型变频器来驱动设备,使得控制系统速度可调,运行安全可靠,达到了改造的目的,并说明参数设置、调试过程及注意事项。     

双捻机控制系统的改造

介绍双捻机电气系统的控制原理,提出控制系统硬件改造方法及软件的设计思路。在硬件上采用全数字通用变频器和触摸屏取代原有的专用变频器,并针对调试中某些难点提出解决方法,运行表明改造达到了提高系统稳定性和减少维修量的目的。     

Chlorophyll pigment composition in table olives (cv. Gordal) with green staining alteration.

Metallochlorophyllic complexes of copper are present in green table olives, showing the alteration known as green staining. They were formed stepwise in such a way that new metallochlorophyll derivatives were detected as the fruits became more altered. Cu-15-glyoxylic acid pheophytin a was the first compound formed, followed in order by Cu-pheophytin a, Cu-15-glyoxylic acid pheophytin b, Cu-15-formyl-pheophytin a, and Cu-pyropheophytin a. Pigment analysis in fruits classified according to the surface area affected by green staining showed a progressive increase in the concentration of all copper complexes with the course of the alteration. The metallochlorophyll derivatives of copper were present both in the part of the fruit affected by the alteration and in the remainder part, although the amount was significantly greater in the former. On the other hand, not all the copper present in the fruits was accessible for the formation of such compounds, since the concentration of copper complexes found in olives with the maximum degree of alteration observed did not exceed 20% of the total copper of the fruit.     

Rate of CO2 attack on hydrated Class H well cement under geologic sequestration conditions

Experiments were conducted to study the degradation of hardened cement paste due to exposure to CO2 and brine under geologic sequestration conditions (T = 50 degrees C and 30.3 MPa). The goal was to determine the rate of reaction of hydrated cement exposed to supercritical CO2 and to CO2-saturated brine to assess the potential impact of degradation in existing wells on CO2 storage integrity. Two different forms of chemical alteration were observed. The supercritical CO2 alteration of cement was similar in process to cement in contact with atmospheric CO2 (ordinary carbonation), while alteration of cement exposed to CO2-saturated brine was typical of acid attack on cement. Extrapolation of the hydrated cement alteration rate measured for 1 year indicates a penetration depth range of 1.00 +/- 0.07 mm for the CO2-saturated brine and 1.68 +/- 0.24 mm for the supercritical CO2 after 30 years. These penetration depths are consistent with observations of field samples from an enhanced oil recovery site after 30 years of exposure to CO2-saturated brine under similar temperature and pressure conditions. These results suggest that significant degradation due to matrix diffusion of CO2 in intact Class H neat hydrated cement is unlikely on time scales of decades.     

Ugly but tasty: A systematic review of possible human and animal health risks related to entomophagy

Background: According to many recent studies, the use of insects as food seems to be convenient, sustainable, economical and healthy. The objective of this study is to analyze the possible effects of insect consumption on human and animal health. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed using the PubMed, Scopus and CAB databases. Results: Of the 6026 items initially retrieved, 70 were eligible for inclusion; 40 studies analyzed the use of insects in human foods or drugs, while 30 analyzed the use of insects in animal feed. In humans, the most commonly analyzed risks are nutrient malabsorption, growth alteration, chemical and microbiological contamination and allergy risk. Studies of animals focus on growth alteration, nutrient malabsorption and hematic and qualitative meat alteration. Conclusion: In recent years, researchers have shifted their focus from the possible use of edible insects in animal feed to their use as possible nutrient sources for humans. The results suggest that, if properly treated and preserved, products derived from insects are safe and efficient sources of nutrients for animals. Further studies are needed to evaluate the possible effects of prolonged insect consumption on human health.     

基于三菱FX_(1S)PLC的脉冲编码器数字给定系统

在复杂的电磁环境下,设备控制系统的给定信号如果采用电位器式的模拟信号,常会因干扰问题影响设备正常运行,在信号传输距离较长时该问题更加突出。采用由脉冲编码器和三菱PLC构成的给定单元,通过通讯和系统连接,可彻底解决信号波动和干扰问题。介绍铝包钢丝生产线的基本组成,原控制系统存在的问题和基本结构,改进后系统组成。重点说明改进后系统的硬件型号、接口组成及接线,给出控制框图及部分控制程序。使用表明,改进后生产线运行速度由原来的100m/min提高到180m/min,生产效率提高了80%,系统稳定性大大提高,减少维护时间。     

Role of surface alteration in determining the mobility of U(VI) in the presence of citrate: implications for extraction of U(VI) from soils

In the present study, the adsorption of U(VI) by a natural iron-rich sand in the presence of citrate was studied over a range of citrate concentrations and pH values. Adsorption of U(VI) on the iron-rich sand decreased in the presence of increasing concentrations of citrate. Adsorption of citrate to the sand was weak under most conditions studied. Several explanations for the adsorption behavior of U(VI) and citrate were investigated, including aqueous complexation of U(VI) by citrate, competition of U(VI) and citrate for adsorption sites, and extraction of Fe and Al from the sorbent surface by citrate (surface alteration). Although aqueous complexation of U(VI) by citrate may still play a significant role, both competitive adsorption and aqueous complexation proved to be inadequate explanations of the adsorption behavior. Both physical surface alteration (i.e., loss of surface area) and chemical surface alteration (i.e., change in the chemical composition of the sand surface) were investigated, with chemical surface alteration controlling the bulk of U(VI) adsorption. Considering these results, remediation schemes that involve organic complexing agents should address the possibility of surface alteration affecting radionuclide adsorption and mobility.     

简述机电设备PLC技术改造方法

主要介绍了对普通机电设备进行PLC技术改造的方法和过程，并阐述了在此过程中必须注意的一些基本问题，系统地介绍了PLC系统安装和接线的基本方法以及调试的过程。     

Effect of precipitation on low frequency electrical properties of zerovalent iron columns

We conducted column studies to investigate the application of a noninvasive electrical method to monitor precipitation in Fe0 columns using (a) Na2SO4 (0.01 M, dissolved oxygen (DO) = 8.8 ppm), and (b) Na2CO3 (0.01 M, DO = 2.3 ppm) solutions. An increase in complex conductivity terms (maximum 40% in sulfate column and 23% in carbonate column) occurred over 25 days. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) identified mineral surface alteration, with greater changes in the high DO sulfate column relative to the low DO carbonate column. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) identified reduced amounts of hematite/maghemite in both columns, precipitation of goethite/akaganeite in the sulfate column, and precipitation of siderite in the carbonate column. Nitrogen adsorption measurements showed increases in specific surface area of iron minerals (27.5% for sulfate column and 8.2% for carbonate column). As variations in electrolytic conductivity and porosity were minimal, electrical changes are attributed to (1) higher complex interfacial conductivity due to increased surface area and mineralogical alteration and (2) increased electronic conduction due to enhanced electron transfer across the iron-fluid interface. Our results show that electrical measurements are a proxy indicator of Fe0 surface alteration.