脱蜡工艺对超细预合金胎体中碳氧含量的影响

为提高超细预合金粉末的流动性、冷压性能,需加入制粒剂对超细预合金粉末进行制粒,再通过还原脱蜡工艺和随炉保温脱蜡工艺2种脱蜡方法去除。结果表明:超细预合金粉末制粒后无论采用还原脱蜡工艺还是随炉保温脱蜡工艺脱蜡,烧结后的胎体都会有制粒剂残留从而使碳含量增加;还原脱蜡工艺处理的胎体中碳、氧质量分数最低,分别为0.048%和0.22%,但随炉保温脱蜡工艺通过延长保温时间,胎体中碳含量也可以达到还原脱蜡工艺的水平。在随炉保温脱蜡工艺下,试样氧含量不随保温时间增加而降低,只与烧结条件有关,高温烧结时石墨模具内产生还原性气氛使试样氧含量降低。2种脱蜡方法对超细FeCoCu预合金粉末胎体的抗弯强度和洛氏硬度影响不大。      

YT5硬质合金注射成形

开发了一种适合于硬质合金注射成形的“改进型蜡基粘结剂”和一种称作“高压冷凝溶剂脱脂”的新的脱脂方法。实验结果表明 :使用该粘结剂 ,硬质合金注射混合料流变性能良好 ,临界固体粉末装载量达到 6 5 %。新的脱脂方法脱脂速率快 ,脱脂坯强度高。采用优化的工艺制备了 PIM YT5硬质合金试样 ,其抗弯强度、硬度和密度分别达到2 10 0 MPa、HRA 90 .4和 12 .83g/cm3 ,制品保形性良好 ,尺寸偏差小于± 0 .0 4m m。     

放电等离子烧结MoNbTaW难熔高熵合金

以纯金属元素粉末为原料,采用放电等离子烧结工艺制备了MoNbTaW难熔高熵合金,研究了烧结温度和保温时间等工艺参数对MoNbTaW难熔高熵合金的物相、晶体结构、烧结行为和力学性能的影响。结果表明,在烧结温度1800℃和保温5min即可形成BCC单相高熵合金;烧结温度是影响MoNbTaW难熔高熵合金致密度、晶粒尺寸和力学性能的主要因素;随着烧结温度的升高,合金的晶粒尺寸增大,致密度、硬度和和屈服强度均增高;烧结温度为2000℃时合金的致密度可达99.8%,化学成分无偏析,屈服强度为1314±14MPa,断裂韧性为(5～6)MPa.m_1/2,其断裂模式为解理断裂。     

“一步热脱脂+烧结”工艺对注射成形硬质合金显微结构与性能的影响

采用注射成形．溶剂脱脂．“一步热脱脂＋烧结”工艺制备了硬质合金。系统研究了一步热脱脂气氛和烧结工艺对合金性能的影响。结果表明：溶剂脱脂率控制在55％～58％时,通过“一步氢气热脱脂＋气压烧结”可以有效解决合金的控碳难和致密度低的问题。制备出的YG10X硬质合金制品抗弯强度达2690MPa,比常规模压．烧结法制备的合金性能大大提高。其硬度、钴磁、矫顽力控制在正常范围之内,它们分别是：维氏硬度为1320MPa,钴磁为8．6％。矫顽力为12．5kA·m^-1。     

Y2O3含量和烧结温度对ODS镍基合金性能的影响

采用粉末冶金技术,以不同质量分数(0%～10%)Y2O3为弥散相,用不同的烧结工艺制备出ODS(oxide dispersion strengthened)镍基高温合金,借助XRD,OM,SEM,EDAX研究了氧化物含量和烧结温度对ODS镍基高温合金性能的影响。结果表明:含1.5%Y2O3经1260℃保温2h真空烧结的试样具有较佳的综合性能,相对密度为90.9%,抗拉强度为669MPa。对用不同球磨工艺制备的合金粉末进行XRD物相分析,并从试样断口显微组织、微区成分上分析氧化物含量和烧结工艺对合金力学性能产生影响的机制。     

不同钛粉末的PIM烧结性能研究

针对复杂形状纯钛件的精密制备,采用粉末注射成形技术,设计了几种不同粉末组成,制备成催化脱脂型喂料,再经粉末注射成形,烧结成制品。系统研究了烧结工艺参数对钛烧结件致密度、碳氧含量、显微组织和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明: 综合性能较好的P3试样钛件经1250 _oC真空烧结2h后,致密度为95.7%,其C、O 含量分别为0. 14%和0. 46%,拉伸强度968MPa,抗弯强度为1141MPa,抗拉强度为720MPa,延伸率为4.5%,晶粒细小均匀,并呈现韧性断裂特征。     

硬质合金注射成形脱脂工艺与碳含量控制

将传统蜡基粘结剂和油＋蜡改进粘结剂体系分别与粒度为1．97μm的WC-8Co硬质合金粉末混合采用注射成形法制备了全致密高强度的硬质合金。研究了注射坯在Hz中的热脱脂工艺和溶剂脱脂与其后补充热脱脂工艺，和不同脱脂工艺对脱脂坯碳含量的影响。结果表明：油＋蜡改进粘结剂体系具有更好的热脱脂和溶剂脱脂行为。通过工艺优化和碳含量控制，在真空气氛下1400℃烧结80min制备出高抗弯强度的全致密硬质合金烧结制品。     

放电等离子体烧结Cu(In0.7Ga0.3)Se2四元合金靶材 的结构和导电性研究

本文选用650℃条件下真空合成的Cu(In0.7Ga0.3)Se2单相合金粉末,通过放电等离子体烧结法制备了CIGS合金靶材,研究了烧结温度、保温时间以及烧结压强等工艺参数对CIGS四元合金靶材的结构与性能的影响,研究表明：烧结温度为500℃以上时,靶材为单一的Cu(In0.7Ga0.3)Se2相,随着烧结温度的升高,靶材的晶粒尺寸增大,致密度和电阻率基本呈线性升高;随着保温时间的延长,靶材晶粒尺寸随之增大,致密度和电阻率也随之升高;随着烧结压强的提高,靶材的致密度增加,而且电阻率得到下降。综上所述,烧结温度为600℃,压强为30MPa,保温时间为5min的工艺条件下,制备靶材的电阻率50Ω?cm,致密度为98%以上。     

SiC_P/Cu复合材料粉末注射成形

采用粉末注射成形技术制备出SiC颗粒增强Cu基复合材料,研究了注射成形工艺参数对注射件和烧结件性能的影响。结果表明,通过优化整个工艺参数,可以避免试样缺陷的形成。当注射压力为120 MPa、注射温度为180℃、注射速度为40 m/s时,试样成形性能良好;提高溶剂脱脂温度有利于提高脱脂率;采用较低的升温速率脱脂和烧结时,能避免产生气泡和变形等缺陷。     

硬质合金混合料粒度分布对成型尺寸精度的影响

针对影响硬质合金产品成型尺寸精度的混合料压制性能参数进行分析,确认混合料粒度分布组成是关键影响因素之一。混合料粉末各级粒度分布相对均匀,能够有效提高压制过程中粉末填充的均匀性,保证压坯密度相对均匀,减小烧结后发生变形,有利于产品成型尺寸的控制。而利用双螺旋混合机采用混合料干混合合批工艺,能够有效提高混合料批次内粉末各级粒度的均匀性,缩小各级粉末质量分数极差,达到提升数控刀片成型尺寸精度的目的。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.