合成嗜热酸性淀粉酶的毕赤酵母表达

把密码子优化后的超耐热酸性α-淀粉酶的基因BD5088,引入载体pPIC9K中,将正确构建的重组质粒pPIC9K-BD5088转化毕赤酵母GS115细胞,得到酵母工程菌株。在酵母α-Factor及AOX1基因启动子和终止信号的调控下,重组超耐热酸性α-淀粉酶PrBD5088在甲醇酵母中大量表达并分泌到胞外。该酶受甲醇的严格调控和诱导,在诱导培养5 d后酶活力达到最大值,表达量可达到约200 mg/L。与原核表达产物ErBD5088相比,PrBD5088的酶学性质发生了一定的改变。其最适反应温度由80℃增加到90℃。最适反应pH值仍为pH5.6,但范围更宽,在pH值5.0～6.5之间,其相对酶活在90%以上,在pH4.0～8.0范围内酶活性保留50%以上。而ErBD5088则只在pH5.0～7.0范围内能维持活性的50%以上。且PrBD5088的温度稳定性远高于ErBD5088。PrBD5088在100℃条件下热处理1 h仍具有80%以上的酶活力,而ErBD5088相同条件下的半衰期只有20 min。此外,Ca2+和Zn2+对维持rBD5088活性和稳定性会产生轻微促进作用,该酶的这些优点使其非常适于在工业生产上应用。SDS-PAGE测得该酶的分子量为56 ku,高于原核表达的酶蛋白。重组α-淀粉酶PrBD5088不存在N-连接的糖基化,但是存在O-连接的糖基化现象。本实验结果表明O-连接糖基化可适当提高PrBD5088的热稳定性、最适温度和酸性pH条件下酶活性。     

A154C/G155C双点突变对嗜热耐酸淀粉酶酶活性及热稳定性的影响

利用重叠延伸法对嗜热球菌Thermococcus sp.的高温酸性α-淀粉酶基因BD5088进行体外A154C/G155C双点定点突变,通过原核表达载体pET30a构建表达载体pET-BD5088C2,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中表达,酶学性质分析表明,突变淀粉酶拓宽了反应pH值范围,尤其是酸性条件下提高更为显著。BD5088淀粉酶在100℃条件下酶活力半衰期约为22min,而突变酶酶活力半衰期40min,突变酶酶活力比BD5088淀粉酶提高近1倍。加热60min时,突变酶酶活力仍可维持原活力的40%,而BD5088淀粉酶只能维持20%左右。说明其热稳定性得到有效的提高。另外,突变酶在中温和90℃条件下酶活力有所提高,65℃时酶活力提高将近1倍。结果表明,BD5088淀粉酶的154、155位残基的突变为Cys对维持其热稳定性起到重要的作用,并且对其酶学性质有较大的影响,可能参与了二硫键的形成。     

耐酸性高温α-淀粉酶突变基因在大肠杆菌中的表达及酶学性质研究

利用表达载体pET-30a,实现了去信号肽的耐酸性高温α-淀粉酶突变基因amyd及未突变的高温α-淀粉酶基因amy在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中的高效表达。经多步纯化,重组酶AMY及AMYD的比活分别达到312.7U/mg蛋白和354.6U/mg蛋白,纯化倍数分别为75.90和83.83,获得凝胶电泳条带单一的蛋白样品,经SDS-PAGE检测,AMY及AMYD酶分子质量均为63.5ku。重组酶AMY的最适温度80℃,最适反应pH为6.5,在温度低于90℃,反应pH5.5~7时,酶活较稳定。重组酶AMYD的最适温度80℃,最适反应pH为4.5,在温度低于90℃,反应pH4.0~6.5时,酶活较稳定。     

海栖热袍菌α-葡萄糖苷酶基因aglA的克隆、表达及酶学性质

主要研究了在大肠杆菌中克隆和表达海栖热袍菌(Thermotoga maritima)的一个α-葡萄糖苷酶(TM1834).通过PCR方法克隆编码T.maritima的一个α-葡萄糖苷酶基因aglA,构建重组质粒pHsh-AglA,电击转化Escherichia coli JM109,通过热激诱导高效表达.SDS-PAGE检测出蛋白相对分子质量约55 000,经热处理,阴离子交换层析和疏水层析纯化后的α-葡萄糖苷酶最适反应温度为90℃,最适反应pH为7.5,在pH 6.5～8.5,温度65～100℃之间酶活仍达到50％以上.在辅助因子NAD+,Mn2+和还原剂DTT的存在条件下达到最高酶活.     

Geobacillus thermodenitrificans α-半乳糖苷酶原核表达及其酶学性质

本文利用大肠杆菌原核表达系统对来源于Geobacillus thermodenitrificans的α-半乳糖苷酶编码基因进行了重组表达,并对该酶的酶学性质进行了研究。结果表明,该α-半乳糖苷酶的分子量为100~110 kDa,以pNPG为底物时,该酶的最适反应温度为70 ℃,最适pH6.0,且该酶具有较好的温度稳定性和pH稳定性;Hg+、Ag+、Cu2+离子能完全抑制α-半乳糖苷酶的活性,Fe3+、Mn2+、Zn2+等离子对α-半乳糖苷酶的活性具有不同程度的激活作用;以pNPG为底物测得该酶的米氏常数K_m=10.04 mmol/L,最大反应速度V_max=18.25 μmol/min。     

Geobacillus sp.GXS1α-淀粉酶基因的克隆表达及酶学性质研究

以地芽孢杆菌Geobacillussp.GXS1基因组DNA为模板,PCR扩增获得α-淀粉酶基因,构建重组质粒pSE-amy,转化大肠杆菌诱导表达。SDS-PAGE电泳结果显示,有相对分子质量为58ku的特异性蛋白得到表达。用金属镍亲和层析将重组蛋白进行分离纯化,并进行酶学性质研究。结果表明:重组酶的最适温度为65℃,最适pH7.0,Km值为2.93mg/mL,比活力为353.95U/mg,Tm为75℃。金属离子Cu2+、Fe3+、Fe2+、Zn2+、Co2+、Hg2+、Ag+及金属鏊合剂EDTA对酶活有显著抑制作用,Mn2+、Ba2+对酶活有微弱的抑制作用,K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、巯基乙醇对酶有微弱的激活作用,而其它一些离子如Na+、Li+对酶活影响不大。经HPLC分析表明,重组α-淀粉酶催化淀粉的水解产物为葡萄糖、麦芽糖和麦芽三糖的混合物。     

重组枯草芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶基因工程菌构建与表达

根据GenBank枯草芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶基因序列设计引物,以枯草芽孢杆菌基因组为模板,PCR克隆α-淀粉酶基因(amy),将α-淀粉酶基因插入穿梭表达载体pP43C,构建重组质粒pP43Camy。随后将重组质粒转化八种蛋白酶缺陷的宿主枯草芽孢杆菌WB800,经筛选获得重组枯草芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶基因工程菌WB800/pP43Camy1026,工程菌摇瓶发酵酶活力达960U。性质研究表明,重组α-淀粉酶的最适作用温度为70℃,最适反应pH为6.0,具有良好的应用潜力。     

菌株F21来源α-淀粉酶的酶学性质研究

该研究对菌株F21所产的α-淀粉酶进行纯化和酶学性质研究。 通过硫酸铵盐析、疏水层析等方法纯化后,α-淀粉酶酶活达到 4 616.3 U/mL。 酶学性质研究表明,该酶最适pH值为4.8,最适温度为55 ℃,且酶在pH 4.0～9.0及低于45 ℃的条件下稳定性较高;Ca2+ 对酶活有较强激活作用,Fe2+及Fe3+对酶活有较强的抑制作用。     

嗜热酸性普鲁兰水解酶Ⅲ的高效分泌表达及其酶学性质

本文探索了嗜热酸性普鲁兰水解酶Ⅲ Tk-PUL在枯草芽孢杆菌表达系统中的高效分泌表达条件,并对重组Tk-PUL的酶学性质进行了初步研究。通过构建Tk-PUL分泌表达信号肽筛选库,并结合高通量筛选方法,确定引导Tk-PUL在枯草芽孢杆菌中高效分泌表达的信号肽。结果表明,在信号肽AmyE的引导下,重组Tk-PUL在枯草芽孢杆菌表达系统中高效分泌表达。Tk-PUL属于单结构域双功能酶,同时具有α-淀粉酶活性和普鲁兰酶活性。重组Tk-PUL的α-淀粉酶活性的最适反应pH为4.5,最适反应温度为100℃,对应的绝对酶活为54.08 U/mg,于100℃的半衰期约为2 h。重组Tk-PUL的普鲁兰酶活性的最适反应pH为4.5,最适反应温度为100℃,对应的绝对酶活为110.39 U/mg,于100℃的半衰期约为2 h。本研究为Tk-PUL在淀粉酶法制糖工业中的应用奠定了基础。     

栖热袍菌α-葡糖苷酶的基因克隆表达及酶学性质

用分子克隆手段获得栖热袍菌(Thermotoga neapolitana DSM 4359)中的α-葡糖苷酶基因,构建该基因的原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中表达。以Thermotoga neapolitana DSM 4359的α-葡糖苷酶基因DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增目的基因,并连接至表达载体中,构建重组质粒pET-28a-glu,然后转化到大肠杆菌中,加IPTG诱导获得重组蛋白。提取粗酶,用葡萄糖测定试剂盒测酶活。序列分析结果表明,该基因的读码框碱基长度为2166bp,编码722个氨基酸;SDS-PAGE电泳结果表明,α-葡糖苷酶基因在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中高效表达,蛋白分子量约为62KDa;酶的最适反应温度为70℃,最适pH为5.0。     

α-GLUCOSIDASE ACTIVITY OF SORGHUM AND BARLEY MALTS

Sorghum malt α-glucosidase activity was highest at pH 3.75 while that of barley malt was highest at pH 4.6. At pH 5.4 employed in mashing sorghum malt α-glucosidase was more active than the corresponding enzyme of barley malt. α-Glucosidase was partly extracted in water but was readily extracted when L-cysteine was included in the extraction buffer, pH 8. Sorghum malt made at 30°C had higher α-glucosidase activities than the corresponding malts made at 20°C and 25°C. Nevertheless, the sorghum malts made at 20°C and 25°C produced worts which contained more glucose than worts of malt made at 30°C. Although barley malts contained more α-glucosidase activity than sorghum malts, the worts of barley had the lowest levels of glucose. The limitation to maltose production in sorghum worts, produced at 65°C, is due to inadequate gelatinization of starch and not to limitation to β-amylase and α-amylase activities. Gelatinization of the starch granules of sorghum malt in the decantation mashing procedure resulted in the production of sorghum worts which contained high levels of maltose, especially when sorghum malt was produced at 30°C. Although the β-amylase and α-amylase levels of barley malt was significantly higher than those of sorghum malted optimally at 30°C, sorghum worts contained higher levels of glucose and equivalent levels of maltose to those of barley malt. It would appear that the individual activities of α-glucosidase, α-amylase and β-amylase of sorghum malts or barley malts do not correlate with the sugar profile of the corresponding worts. In consequence, specifications for enzymes such as α-amylase and β-amylase in malt is best set at a range of values rather than as single values.     

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF THE AMYLOTIC SYSTEM OF SCHWANNIOMYCES CASTELLII

The amylolytic system of Schwanniomyces castellii has been isolated and purified by means of ultrafiltration followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both α-amylase and glucoamylase were purified. α-Amylase activity was stable from pH 5·5 to 6·5 and glucoamylase activity was stable at a more acidic range of pH 4·2 to 5·5. The optimal temperature of α-amylase activity was between 30 and 40°C with rapid deactivation at 70°C. The optimal temperature of glucoamylase was 40 to 50°C with rapid decline of activity at 60°C. The K_m of α-amylase with soluble starch as the substrate was 1·15 mg/ml and the K_m of glucoamylase with the same substrate was 10·31 mg/ml. Glucoamylase was able to hydrolyze α-1, 4 and α-1,6 glucosidic linkages, as demonstrated by its ability to hydrolyse maltose and isomaltose respectively, whereas α-amylase could hydrolyse α-1,4 glucosidic linkages only. α-Amylase was shown to be a glycoprotein, whereas no carbohydrates were associated with glucoamylase.     

酸性α-淀粉酶基因在枯草芽孢杆菌中的高效表达

酸性α-淀粉酶是发酵行业用量最大的酶类,为了实现酸性α-淀粉酶基因的高效表达,将本实验室已经克隆得到的去信号肽的酸性α-淀粉酶基因在枯草芽孢杆菌WB600宿主中进行表达,成功的构建了表达菌株pHT43-amy/WB600。在初始菌浓度OD600为0.8时加入终浓度为0.9 mmol/L的IPTG,诱导6 h的条件下测得酶活力为1 230 U/mL,又由于宿主菌WB600外分泌蛋白较少,因此具有明显的生产优势。     

Effect of additives on mesophilic α-amylase and its application in the desizing of cotton fabrics

An investigation was carried out on thermal stability of α-amylase. The influence of various additives (calcium acetate, sodium lactate, L-histidine, and water-soluble chitosan) on the stability of α-amylase was studied. Results showed the inactivation behavior of α-amylase with or without additives all followed the first-order kinetics. All additives (Ca2+, sodium lactate, L-histidine, and water-soluble chitosan) displayed good stabilizing effect on α-amylase lower than 80 °C, and only water-soluble chitosan had an efficient stabilizing effect on α-amylase when the treatment temperature exceeds 80 °C. All additives improved the catalytic activity of α-amylase at 70–90 °C, and the appearance of water-soluble chitosan increased the catalytic activity of α-amylase at 90 °C sharply. A desizing ratio of 68.42% was obtained by treating the cotton fabrics in the buffer solution at 100 °C without α-amylase. To obtain a desizing ratio exceed 95% when fabrics were treated at 100 °C for 10 min, the addition of water-soluble chitosan saves 2/3 α-amylase dosage. Moreover, water-soluble chitosan showed a further improvement in desizing effect than the additive of calcium acetate.     

α-淀粉酶的耐酸性改造及在枯草芽孢杆菌中的分泌表达

α-淀粉酶基因经改造后,克隆到穿梭质粒pBE2中。在α-淀粉酶基因的上游连接枯草芽孢杆菌sacB基因的启动子-信号肽序列(sacR),构建了含突变α-淀粉酶基因的分泌型诱导表达载体pBSAT,转化蛋白酶三缺陷枯草芽孢杆菌菌株DB403。含有pBSAT的菌株可将突变α-淀粉酶分泌到胞外,表明sacB基因的启动子-信号肽序列(sacR)能很好的将枯草芽孢杆菌中的重组α-淀粉酶引导到胞外,完成分泌表达。分泌的α-淀粉酶具有较高的耐酸性及生物学活性。     

Sulfolobus tokodaii strain 7高温酸性α-淀粉酶基因在大肠杆菌中克隆表达及其酶学性质

以超嗜热古菌Sulfolobus tokodaii strain 7基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增高温酸性α-淀粉酶基因ST0817,将此基因克隆至表达载体pET15b,并转化大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21-CodenPlus(DE3)-RIL,获得重组大肠杆菌工程菌。通过热处理、镍柱亲和层析和分子筛层析,得到纯化重组酶,SDS-PAGE分析表明,该酶分子量为53.0 kDa。酶学性质研究表明,该酶最适温度和pH分别为75℃和5.5;具有较强的热稳定性和pH稳定性,在85℃处理8 h保持50%左右活力,在pH 5.2处理120 min仍保持50%活力。此酶对不同底物水解活性不同,直连淀粉>可溶性淀粉>支链淀粉>β-极限糊精>糖原>环糊精>普鲁兰糖;该酶对有机溶剂、变性剂和金属离子具有一定抗性。     

地衣芽孢杆菌耐高温α-淀粉酶基因在大肠杆菌中的克隆、表达及其产物的分泌

以耐高温α 淀粉酶生产菌地衣芽孢杆菌染色体DNA为模板 ,通过PCR扩增耐高温α 淀粉酶基因 ,将扩增产物 1 9kb的DNA片段插入到pUC1 9质粒中 ,再转化大肠杆菌JM1 0 9,通过在淀粉平板上形成透明圈等方法筛选到一株阳性克隆菌株JM1 0 9(pUAM) ,其表达产物可分泌到培养基中 ,除去菌体的发酵液中每 1 0 0mL酶活可达到 2 7个单位。将发酵上清液浓缩后用冷无水乙醇分级沉淀 ,所得样品进行SDS PAGE分析 ,得到分子质量为 60ku的目的蛋白带。