Influence of filler–rubber interactions on the viscoelastic properties of carbon‐black‐filled rubber compounds

The specific role of filler–rubber interactions in dynamic properties was investigated. Natural rubber compounds, filled with N330 carbon black, were used, and the filler surface was modified through a gas treatment in the solid phase. The effects of this filler surface treatment on the dynamic properties were systematically studied at equal filler dispersion levels. The dynamic properties were assessed for both uncured and vulcanized compounds, and a number of advanced investigative techniques were used to characterize not only the modification of the carbon particle surface by an oxidative treatment but also the structure of the filled rubber compounds. Particular attention was paid to techniques that gave access to the segmental mobility to explain the benefit observed with modified carbon black. A molecular interpretation, based on NMR measurements, was considered that took into account physicochemical parameters. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 577–588, 2004     

全硫化粉末丁腈橡胶改性硬质聚氯乙烯研究

研究了纳米级全硫化粉末丁腈橡胶（VP-401）对硬质聚氯乙烯（PVC-U）增韧改性材料的力学性能、流变性能及形态结构的影响。研究发现：与普通粉末橡胶P83增韧相比，采用少量的超细全硫化粉末橡胶即可在保持较高的强度和耐热温度的基础上大幅度提高硬质PVC材料的冲击韧性。     

动态力学分析仪在轮胎胎面胶料性能分析中的应用

采用动态力学分析仪（DMA）对不同硫化条件下的胎面胶料进行了动态性能测试分析,采用不同受力方式对不同胎面胶料进行了动态性能分析。这些分析表明,DMA在硫化后胶料性能的研究方面发挥了很大的作用,为胶料配方的设计发挥了很好的指导作用。     

过氧化物硫化聚醚型聚氨酯混炼橡胶力学性能的研究

研究了过氧化物过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）、双叔丁基过氧化异丙基苯（BIPB）和补强剂（炭黑或白炭黑）对聚醚型聚氨酯混炼橡胶力学性能的影响,讨论了DCP和补强剂用量变化及不同硫化条件对混炼橡胶力学性能的影响。结果表明,DCP硫化混炼胶定伸应力高,永久变形小;BIPB硫化混炼胶硬度和强度高;当DCP用量在1．6份时,混炼胶拉伸强度和撕裂强度最高;提高补强剂用量,混炼胶硬度和定伸应力增加,拉伸强度变化不明显,但永久变形变大。     

聚醚型聚氨酯混炼胶性能研究

研究了炭黑补强剂和过氧化物（DCP,BIPB）对混炼型聚醚聚氨酯橡胶力学性能的影响,讨论了DCP和补强剂用量变化以及热空气老化对性能的影响。结果表明,DCP硫化胶拉断伸长率高,BIPB硫化胶永久变形低;当DCP用量为1.6份时,拉伸强度和撕裂强度最高,分别为25.3MPa和47.5kN/m;随补强剂用量的增加,混炼橡胶硬度增加,拉伸强度变化不明显,拉伸永久变形变大。     

Effect of Grafted Carbon Black on Properties of Vulcanized Natural Rubber

Summary To modify carbon black (CB) surface, in situ grafting of natural rubber (NR) onto the CB surface by solid-state method was used to get grafted carbon black (GCB). The vulcanization characters of NR compounds employed CB and GCB were investigated. Crosslinking density of vulcanized NR was measured by equilibrium swelling method. As a result, it was found that GCB could improve both cure rate and crosslinking density. Moreover, the mechanical properties of vulcanized NR filled with GCB were enhanced to a large extent compared with vulcanized NR filled with CB. No Payne Effect was observed in GCB filled NR compounds during dynamic properties testing, indicating that there was no filler network and GCB was dispersed uniformly in NR matrix, which was proved by SEM micrographs. Based on above results, it was considered that the grafting modification weakened filler-filler interaction and enhanced filler-polymer interaction.     

The Effect of Dynamic Vulcanization on the Properties of Polypropylene/Ethylene-Propylene Diene Terpolymer/Natural Rubber (PP/EPDM/NR) Ternary Blend

The effects of dynamic vulcanization on the process development and some properties, such as tensile properties, swelling index, gel content, crystallinity, and morphology, of the polypropylene (PP)/ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM)/natural rubber (NR) blends were investigated. Dynamically vulcanized blends show higher stabilization torque than unvulcanized blends. In terms of tensile properties, the tensile strength and tensile modulus (stress at 100% elongation, M₁₀₀) of the vulcanized blends have been found to increase as compared with the unvulcanized blends, whereas the elongation at break is higher in the blend with richer EPDM content. These results can be attributed to the formation of cross-linking in the rubber phase. The formation of cross-links in the rubber phase has also been proved by swelling index and gel content. The percentage of crystallinity of the blends is decreased by dynamic vulcanization. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs from the surface extraction of the blends support that the cross-links occurred during dynamic vulcanization.     

Efficiency of some novel carbon black/rubber coupling agents

The effect of some new synthesized carbon black/rubber coupling agents without nitrosogroups have been investigated in comparison with one commercially available coupling agent N, N′-bis(2-methyl-2-nitropropyl)-1,6-diaminohexane (Sumifine^TM 1162). Rubber compounds based on natural rubber and carbon black N-220 were used for these experiments. Tensile properties, impact resilience, and heat buildup of vulcanized rubber are improved with all coupling agents under investigation in comparison with the unmodified compound. Any positive effect of coupling agents appears also in tear resistance, dynamic flow, and permanent set. The correlation between the efficiency and chemical structure of coupling agents is discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

活性白土在丁苯橡胶体系中的应用

透明白炭黑通常作为丁苯橡胶的补强剂，制成浅透明色的硫化胶鞋底。采用矿物白土经活化处理制成活性白土，其在丁苯硫化胶的色泽及物理力学性能已达到或超过透明白炭黑，降低了硫化胶鞋底的成本。     

Dynamic Vulcanization of Thermoplastic Elastomers Based on Poly(Epichlorohydrin-Co-Ethylene Oxide) and Polypropylene

Summary Unvulcanized and dynamically vulcanized blends of poly(epichlorohydrin-co-ethylene oxide) elastomer and polypropylene have been prepared by melt mixing in an internal mixer. The solvent resistance, morphology, dynamic mechanical and mechanical properties of these blends were studied with special reference to the effect of the crosslinking agent content. The swelling behaviour shows that the blends, with and without dynamic vulcanization, present excellent resistance to solvents ASTM A, B, C and D, at room temperature. Morphology study by scanning electron microscopy of the cryofractured surface and analysis of the dynamic mechanical properties of the system indicate that the uncrosslinked blend is immiscible and form a two-phase structure, where the rubber phase was dispersed as domains in the continuous polypropylene matrix. The mechanical properties of the crosslinked blends do not improve by increasing the doses of crosslinking agent.     

Effect of Carbon Nanotubes on the Structure,Internal Loss Storage,and Damping–Absorption Properties of CNT/PZT/RTV

Composites with damping–absorption performance and storage-loss behavior based on carbon nanotubes as a modifier and zinc titanate/room temperature vulcanized silicone rubbers as a matrix were fabricated by a reactive solution mixing process, wet ball milling, and the three-roller milling method. The microstructures, chemical structures, and morphologies of the composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The thermal stabilities were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. The effect of carbon nanotubes on the comprehensive performance of the carbon nanotube/zinc titanate/room temperature vulcanized silicon rubber composites was investigated. It was found that doping with carbon nanotubes can improve the comprehensive performance of the zinc titanate/room temperature vulcanized silicon rubber complex matrix. The best comprehensive properties were d₃₃?=?72 pC/N, storage modulus?=?4,100?MPa, loss modulus?=?400?MPa, damping coefficient?=?0.23, and absorption coefficients?=?0.4–0.6 for 4?wt% carbon nanotube/zinc titanate/room temperature vulcanized silicon rubber. In addition, the lattice parameters of zinc titanate were found to be highly dependent on the carbon nanotube content, and the absorption and damping performance of the composites were dependent on the frequency and temperature.     

交联网络和填料网络的相互作用对SSBR/BR并用胶性能的影响

以溶聚丁苯橡胶C2557A和顺丁胶BR9000的并用胶为研究对象,通过改变硫磺/促进剂的的用量和炭黑(CB)的用量调整硫化胶中的化学交联网络和填料网络,研究了交联网络和填料网络的相互作用对硫化胶静态和动态性能的影响。结果表明,随着硫磺/促进剂用量的减少和CB用量的增加,混炼胶的焦烧时间和硫化时间逐渐缩短,硫化扭矩差增大;硫磺/促进剂和CB用量相同的硫化胶的Payne效应明显强于混炼胶的,即硫化胶的(G′0-G′∞)值大于混炼胶的(G′0-G′∞)值且随着CB用量的增大而更加明显,说明化学交联网络的形成对填料网络有一定的增强作用。     

新型偶联剂对橡胶力学性能的影响

本文讨论了新型偶联剂用量对陶土填充橡胶与炭黑填充橡胶动态性能与力学性能的影响．并且用红外光谱对偶联剂改性陶土表面进行了表征。结果表明：该偶联剂明显提高硫化胶的动态性能、撕裂强度及陶土填充橡胶的拉伸强度，其用量超过１．５重量份对硫化胶的力学性能有不良影响。     

氟橡胶/EPDM动态硫化共混物的研究

研究了动态硫化工艺条件和共混比对氟橡胶（ＦＫＭ）／ＥＰＤＭ共混物拉伸性能拉、热油老化性能和应力松弛性能的影响。结果表明：与直接静态硫化相比,动态硫化可避免两种硫化体系的相互影响;静态硫化共混物拉伸强度只有２ＭＰａ,而动态硫化共混物可达１０ＭＰａ以上;工艺条件对动态硫化共混物性能的影响不大;随共混物中ＥＰＤＭ用量的增大,共混物的热空气老化和热油老化性能均有所下降     

凝固方法对天然橡胶力学性能的影响

研究了三种不同凝固方法对天然橡胶性能和炭黑/天然橡胶硫化胶力学性能的影响。结果表明,采用十二烷基硫酸钠和氯化钙凝固制得的天然橡胶达到5号标准橡胶的质量,其力学性能比用醋酸凝固所制得的天然橡胶的力学性能要好。     

芳纶纤维增强天然橡胶性能的研究

以磷酸、环氧树脂预处理芳纶,用端羟基液体橡胶和母炼胶法增强界面粘合,预分散纤维,进行NR的混炼和硫化,在混炼胶中纤维含量不变的前提下,采用均匀设计试验研究了母炼胶中芳纶纤维（AF）和液体橡胶（LIR）含量对硫化胶力学性能的影响。结果表明,母炼胶中AF和LIR的含量可通过改变复合材料中纤维的长度、纤维的分散性及界面的粘接对硫化天然橡胶的力学性能产生影响。通过光学显微镜、电子显微镜和动态力学性能检测,分析了纤维在混炼胶和硫化胶中的长度和形态对材料性能的影响。     

硫化助剂及促进剂用量对异戊橡胶性能的影响

以吉林石化公司研究院生产的高顺式稀土异戊橡胶(JH-01)为生胶,研究了氧化锌、硬脂酸及促进剂等硫化助剂的用量对硫化橡胶物理机械性能的影响,探索了性能变化规律,确定了各助剂最佳使用量。在基础胶及炭黑用量不变的前提下,改变氧化锌、硬脂酸及促进剂用量,采用相同的混炼工艺及硫化工艺制成硫化胶试片,进行物理机械性能测试。结果表明,得到的硫化橡胶各项物理机械性能变化幅度较大。如需调整异戊橡胶的应力应变性能及撕裂强度可适当调整氧化锌、硬脂酸及促进剂的用量。     

Carbon Nanotubes Networking in Styrene-Butadiene Rubber: A Dynamic Mechanical and Dielectric Spectroscopy Study

The study of the reinforcement network in elastomer compounds is one of the most relevant issues for the application of these materials because their properties are strongly dependent on the obtained morphology. To this regard, the viscoelastic and dielectric behavior of vulcanized styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) reinforced with different amounts of carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been investigated and compared with the vulcanized unfilled SBR and the vulcanized SBR samples reinforced with a conventional amount of carbon black (40 phr). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements have been carried out to highlight possible differences of the glass transition temperatures for all the reinforced compounds. The percolation threshold value of the nanocomposite samples has been estimated by dielectric analysis. Finally, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) measurements have been performed in tensile mode in the temperature range of −60 to 80 °C to obtain both E′ and E′′. From these experimental data, the master curve for each sample has been estimated by using the time–temperature superposition principle in combination with the vertical shift approach. From the analysis of this latter, the activation energy, associated to the thermal movement of the reinforcement network, has been calculated to better elucidate the reinforcement mechanism in the nanocomposites.     

改性丁基橡胶PMIIR的动态力学性能研究

采用氢化钠(NaH)/马来酸酐(MAH)体系和无溶剂的本体方法,在橡胶加工设备中对丁基橡胶(IIR)进行了多官能化改性反应,得到了加工改性丁基橡胶(PMIIR)。通过红外光谱对产物结构进行了分析表征,该反应在丁基橡胶分子链上同时引入了不饱和的碳碳双键和羧基官能团。采用动态机械分析(DMA)和橡胶加工分析(RPA)方法对PMIIR的动态力学性能进行了分析。结果表明,混炼胶在低应变和高应变时储能模量的差值(ΔG′)受改性剂用量的影响不大,而硫化胶的ΔG′随改性剂用量的增加而增加,说明改性剂的用量对硫化体系网络有一定影响,IIR中引入极性基团,橡胶与填料的相互作用增强。硫化胶的动态模量受应变影响较大,随应变增加而大幅降低,损耗因子随应变的增加而增加。