用于发电中心大规模电力输送的气体绝缘输电线路

在大型(巨型)城市中,用电负荷持续增长,有些城市中心的用电负荷甚至超过了每年10%的增长率,但城市内的可用空间却在持续减少。这种巨型城市的供电可靠性依赖于连接到负荷中心的大功率传输的可能性。根据巨型城市的规模,地下输电的传输距离已达到10km或20km,甚至更长,将会是未来常用的供电方式。气体绝缘输电线路(GIL)提供了满足大功率及地下安装需求的解决方案。这种方式在世界范围内的应用已有30多年的历史。尤其是GIL提供了针对"最后一英里"的解决方案,即发电厂高压开关装置与架空出线之间的连接。这种连接虽然比较短,但经常具有其他传输技术不能满足的特定要求,最严格的要求通常是传输电流达到4000A,而采用架空线路几乎是不可能实现的。GIL还广泛用于跨国界输电和可再生能源电力的向外输送,是一种经过实践验证的、经济、可靠的解决方案。     

输电线路外绝缘复合化的实践

介绍为了解决玻璃和瓷绝缘子防污能力较差的问题,结合防污能力、经济性能、技术的可行性、日常维护等方面的综合分析,进行了输电线路外绝缘复合化的实践,即采用复合绝缘子和玻璃(瓷)绝缘子表面喷涂RTV/PRTV涂料,对输电线路的外绝缘进行了改造.     

输电线路综合防雷技术探讨

结合实际运行经验,对输电线路雷击故障进行统计,分析引起线路雷击跳闸的主要原因,综合评估输电线路各项防雷措施.结合现场微地形、微气候条件,在满足经济性和技术性的前提下,针对一般架空输电线路给出综合防雷治理方案.     

输电线路的杆塔模型

介绍了输电线路的3种杆塔模型,即集中电感模型、单一的波阻抗模型和多波阻抗模型。并对3种杆塔模型进行了仿真计算,仿真计算结果表明：在超高压输电线路中,采用多波阻抗模型进行计算比其他两种模型结果更准确。     

Basic properties of hybrid gas-insulated transmission lines (H-GIL)

The recent trend in electric power consumption shows a steady increase and concentration in large cities and industrial districts. This indicates a strong need for a long-distance and enclosed-type power transmission line with large capacity and high reliability. A hybrid gas-insulated transmission line (H-GIL), which has the combined features of an XLPE cable and a conventional gas-insulated transmission line (GIL), has the potential to be applicable to such use. In the present work, we analyze the required dimension and the current capacity of H-GIL on the basis of insulation and thermal design for various parameters determining the structure. We also report an experimental study on flashover characteristics for a simple electrode model of H-GIL. The results show that the H-GIL can be realized with almost the same sheath diameter and current capacity as a conventional GIL. The experiment has also clarified that the insulation reliability of the H-GIL is much higher than that of a GIL. These properties show that the H-GIL has enough feasibility applicable as a long-distance and reliable transmission line with large capacity especially in urban areas. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 119(3): 27–39, 1997     

Characterization of railway line impedance based only on short‐circuit measurements

This paper presents a new methodology to obtain the line impedance of current railway tracks by using only short‐circuit measurements. Open‐circuit measurements required by conventional methodologies are discarded, since they cannot be carried out for railway tracks in service (electrically continuous and indefinite length). The mathematical basis of the proposed methodology is based on the transmission line theory but focused on the changes in track length. The proposal has been successfully applied to characterize the impedance of the high‐speed railway line at the Spanish AVE Madrid–Valencia (Cuenca) and in the AVE Atocha–Chamartin tunnel (Madrid). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

变压器信号源内阻与传输线负载阻抗匹配研究

变压器作为电压的转换装置,在各种自动化、机械化设备中起到了关键作用。为此,为提高变压器性能,研究一种新的变压器信号源内阻与传输线负载阻抗匹配方法。该方法首先利用增大测量回路电阻法测量变压器信号源内阻值,然后利用史密斯图法计算传输线负载电阻,最后利用模拟退化智能算法实现变压器信号源内阻与传输线负载阻抗匹配。经测试,结果表明:与两种传统阻抗匹配方法相比,所提方法的变压器信号源内阻与传输线负载阻抗匹配度达到最大,说明所提方法性能更为优越,有效提高了变压器的可靠性和稳定性。     

500 kV输电线路零序阻抗的测量及研究

500 kV输电线路零序阻抗受线路结构、运行方式、干扰电压、地质情况等因素的影响,其测量结果会产生误差,具体分析了零序阻抗原理、不同运行方式下零序阻抗实测的方法和理论分析,并结合实际研究了几条500 kV输电线路零序参数,提出了在实测和计算中注意的问题,提高实测数值的准确性.     

架空输电线路故障测距的方法及应用

当架空输电线路发生故障时．必须对线路进行快速准确的故障测距．目前架空输电线路故障测距所采用的方法有阻抗测距法和行波测距法。通过介绍这两种测距方法的工作原理及其各自在电力系统中的实际应用情况．对它们的优点和存在问题进行了分析比较,并对行波测距法进行了较为详细的分类比较,指出A型行波测距法将会在今后的故障测距领域中逐渐得到推广应用。     

500 kV输电线路零序阻抗的测量及研究

500 kV输电线路零序阻抗受线路结构、运行方式、干扰电压、地质情况等因素的影响,其测量结果会产生误差,具体分析了零序阻抗原理、不同运行方式下零序阻抗实测的方法和理论分析,并结合实际研究了几条500 kV输电线路零序参数,提出了在实测和计算中注意的问题,提高实测数值的准确性。     

基于故障分量综合阻抗的T接线路纵联保护新原理

提出了一种适用于T接线路的基于故障分量综合阻抗的纵联保护新原理,利用故障时线路三端电压故障分量相量之和与电流故障分量相量之和的比值来判断线路上是否发生了故障.外部故障时,该比值反映线路的容抗,其模值较大;内部故障时,该比值反映系统电源阻抗和线路阻抗,其模值相对较小,据此可以区分线路上的内部和外部故障.根据新原理构成的保护不需要对电容电流进行补偿,可用于带或不带电抗器补偿的线路,在原理上不受过渡电阻的影响,而且当T接线路内部发生故障而有汲出电流时,保护的灵敏度也不受影响.EMTP仿真验证了新原理的有效性.     

Influence of starting voltage waveform on time sequence to restart DC transmission lines

Based on experiments and calculations, this paper describes the influence of the time constant of the dc starting voltage on the no‐voltage time required for successful restarting and the time required to complete the restarting. (1) The 300‐kV‐class dc tension insulator assembly tested in this study was composed of disk‐type insulator units used for ac transmission lines. The insulation recovery characteristics of the dc tension insulator assembly after dc arc extinctions of 400 and 4000 A were obtained for the switching impulse voltage and simulated dc starting voltage. The results show that both methods obtained the same minimum values for the required no‐voltage time. Thus, we verified this method's validity in calculating the minimum value of the no‐voltage time required for successful restarting based on the insulation recovery characteristics obtained by the switching impulse voltage. (2) Based on the insulation recovery characteristics obtained by the switching impulse voltage after arc extinction, we calculated the relationships between the required no‐voltage time and restarting completion time versus the time constant of the dc starting voltage. As the rising time constant of the dc starting voltage increased, the required no‐voltage time decreased and the restarting completion time increased. It was shown that reducing the rising time constant of the dc starting voltage was an effective measure to shorten the restarting completion time after the arc extinction. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 133(4): 63–70, 2000     

输电线路走廊典型植被火焰绝缘特性测量与分析

山火条件下输电线路间隙的绝缘强度大幅下降,导致线路跳闸事故频发,给电网的安全稳定运行带来了严重影响。文章选取了输电线路走廊易引发线路跳闸的3种典型植被,对其火焰的绝缘特性进行了试验测量,并分析了植被火焰绝缘强度的影响机制;研究结果表明,在植被燃烧强度较大时,3种植被的火焰电阻率均较小,其中,杉树枝的最小,为3 kΩ·m,杉树干的最大,也达到30 kΩ·m,远低于纯空气间隙的绝缘强度;植被火焰的绝缘特性与火焰高度、温度、烟尘浓度、灰分含量等因素有关,而当火焰温度较低时,火焰高度与燃烧强度对植被火焰的绝缘特性影响较大。因此,控制输电线路走廊植被的高度和密度可以从根本上减少山火导致线路跳闸事故的发生。     

矩形截面带状双线传输线特性阻抗分析

文中提出矩形截面带状双线传输线特性阻抗的计算方法。这种方法是采用两次保角变换结合同轴线特性阻抗公式进行特性阻抗计算。该方法计算的结果与镜像法结合微带线特性阻抗求解的结果在双线距离和宽度比大于0·5之后,吻合良好,因此这种估算双线传输线的方法是有效的。     

增城110 kV线路避雷器运行效果分析

分析了线路避雷器的防雷原理．根据易遭受雷击的110kV线路采用复合绝缘外套金属氧化物避雷器后的实际运行情况,对避雷器投运前后线路跳闸数据进行分析对比。从而说明了线路避雷器确实具有一定的防雷效果。最后对线路避雷器的一些使用问题提出了建议。     

Development of XLPE insulated DC cable

This paper describes the development of dc XLPE cable. Through a series of material investigations, an XLPE compound containing highly purified special filler was developed. To check the dc insulation performance of the cable insulated with this new material, a prototype cable with 9 mm insulation thickness was manufactured. It was confirmed that the performance of the prototype cable was excellent. Based on the study of the prototype cable, a 250-kV dc cable with 20 mm insulation thickness was designed and manufactured. Through a series of voltage tests, excellent dc insulation performance of the developed cable was verified.     

高压直流输电线路暂态保护分析与展望

现时高压直流输电线路保护广泛采用ABB或西门子保护方案和配置。通过对ABB和西门子行波保护动作特性仿真结果分析及运行经验表明,二者保护方案无法可靠、灵敏地切除高阻接地故障,且易受噪声等外界信号干扰。同时,对国内外直流线路暂态保护的新思想进行分析总结,提出了提高高压直流输电线路暂态保护抗过渡电阻能力及区内、区外故障暂态分析所必须解决的几个关键性问题,为日后高品质直流线路保护判据的提出提供研究方向。     

基于自适应阻抗继电器的风电T接线路纵联保护方案

风电的T型接入改变了系统拓扑和故障特性,导致继电保护整定与配合困难,传统距离保护应用于风电T接线路时存在适应问题。基于风电T接线路拓扑,分析了双保护方向对保护范围的影响,推导了测量阻抗表达式并提取了主要影响参数,指出风电的T型接入影响距离保护的动作性能;鉴于此,提出了基于自适应阻抗继电器的风电T接线路纵联保护方案。该方案实现了保护方向的唯一化,且保护动作区域能够根据过渡电阻、三端电源电势幅值比、相位差和风电电源等效序阻抗的变化进行自适应调整,提高了保护的可靠性和灵敏性。同时给出了自适应整定阻抗的具体计算方法,一定程度上降低了保护对通信系统的要求。仿真结果验证了所提保护方案的正确性和有效性。     

三侧同杆双回线互联的T型线路测距新方法

根据同杆双回线的特性建立了同杆双回线构成的T型线路的反序正序网络,提出了基于反序正序电流的故障测距方法。在双T型线路中,反序正序网络的电气量具有完整的T字型线路的正序电气量的特点,该特点可以用来故障测距。当双T线路发生故障时,由故障支路的母线处的电气量计算到故障点的反序正序电压等于由支接点T的等值反序正序电气量计算到故障点的反序正序电压,利用反序正序电压在故障点相等的等量关系可以进行精确故障测距。大量的EMTP仿真结果表明,所给出的故障测距方案是准确的,并且在由同杆双回线构成的T型线路故障测距中显示出较大的优势。该测距方法的精度不受故障支路、故障类型、系统运行方式、故障点过渡电阻等因素的影响。     

输电线路动态监测增容技术

提高现有输电线路的输送容量有两种方法,即静态提温增容技术和动态监测增容技术。主要论述现有输电线路动态监测增容技术,指出其中的技术关键。