Capitalising Knowledge: Corporate Knowledge Management Investments

Knowledge is increasingly recognized as the key resource of business. Digital networks provide access to vast amounts of data and information but knowledge management tools and systems are required to translate this in a meaningful way. Knowledge management initiatives are unlikely to be successful unless they are integrated with business strategy, and related to the development of the core capabilities of the organisation. Sharing the discovery and synthesis of intellectual activity involves the creation of knowledge communities of practice. There is much evidence of commercially inspired corporate initiatives in this direction across all industrial sectors: leveraging existing intellectual capital; sharing best practice across multiple locations; data mining to build customer relationships; and creating knowledge networks to allow state–of–the–art solutions in professional services.     

Effective Knowledge Management: Knowledge, Thinking and the Personal—Corporate Knowledge Nexus Problem

We argue that the intimate relationship between computer architecture and software has produced a professional mindset that is unsuited to the newer, knowledge-based business paradigms. Major software projects are ending in failure or do not yield their maximum potential and we suggest reasons why this is the case. In conclusion, we propose that Management Information Systems Curricula need to be revised to provide students with exposure to and practice in a variety of thinking styles. Organisations must change their structures and management styles if they are serious about managing knowledge. In making our case we briefly review the development of information systems as a discipline and the role of methodologies in the articulation of its paradigm. We end our paper with suggestions for future research.     

Acceptance of Corporate Blogs for Collaboration and Knowledge Sharing

ABSTRACT

This study investigates employees’ acceptance of corporate Web 2.0 applications for collaboration and knowledge sharing. Results show that altruism, managerial support, and perceived usefulness are good predictors of the intention to use corporate blogs as tools for collaboration and knowledge sharing. The study further explores differences between employees from companies with low and high adoption rates, and uses prediction-oriented segmentation to unveil two different paths to adoption of Web 2.0 collaborative tools in companies.     

Innovation Mechanisms and Knowledge Communities for Corporate Central R&D

An important method of enhancing or developing new corporate differentiating emerging technological competences is to establish corporate central R&D. This practice is centred on the competency‐based view of the firm and has been implemented by companies in numerous developed countries. Corporate R&D centres are now becoming important to newly industrialized smaller nations such as Taiwan. Yet few studies have investigated the R&D management practices of effective corporate central R&D centres in emerging countries. Here the case study method is used to review nine R&D centres from each of three countries: the USA, Japan, and Taiwan. Seven findings are provided regarding effective management of R&D centres.     

团队知识创新支持系统的设计与应用研究

针对团队在知识创新过程中遇到的一系列问题,研究并开发了面向任务的团队知识创新支持系统。该系统主要从团队创新知识的记录和查询、知识结构的可视化以及创新知识的识别和评价几个方面来支持团队的知识创新活动。     

员工知识共享行为树的动态创建算法

采用建立知识共享行为ontology和行为树映射方法,设计了一种能够根据员工的知识行动动态生成其行为树的有效算法。该算法具有实时、交互式的特点,能够实现对员工知识共享的参与度作出定量评价。     

Creating Ideas for Innovation: Effects of Organizational Distance on Knowledge Creation Processes

Innovation is to a large extent considered a social and communicative process, and input from other individuals potentially improves the generation of novel and valuable ideas also in the early stages of idea creation and development. Both colleagues inside organizations and external parties have frequently been proposed as important sources of information and knowledge within this part of the innovation process. Other contributions addressing social networks and innovation bring into focus the potentially negative effects that certain network structures may have on innovation, pointing to inconsistencies in received theory. In order to address these inconsistencies, an empirical study of ideation in a Swedish multinational firm was performed, taking into account two different knowledge creation processes – combination and in‐depth analysis – and their inter‐relationships with organizational distance between contributing individuals. Data was collected using a survey and was analysed using regression models. It was found that different levels of organizational distance correlate with different knowledge creation processes. In‐depth analysis occurred more often with employees' close colleagues, whereas the combination of existing ideas and information was more frequent in interaction with employees' close colleagues and with external parties. Both these interaction patterns were also found to be positive for the generation of patents, whereas no such relationship could be seen when individuals interacted with colleagues in other departments in the same firm. The findings have implications for theory on cognitive distance, and also suggest that management needs to facilitate different types of collaboration and networking when aiming to facilitate and support ideation, taking into consideration the type of innovation aimed for, as well as its supporting knowledge creation processes.     

Organizational Slack and Knowledge Creation in Product Development Projects: The Role of Project Deliverables

Our concern is with how changes in organizational slack affect knowledge creation in product development projects. We operationalize a change in organizational slack as changed possibilities to depart from project deliverables in NPD projects. Through case research in high velocity industries we identify the effect a change in organizational slack has on knowledge creation processes inside product development projects. In particular we highlight the effects on tacit and explicit knowledge. More specifically we find that reduced slack creates a focus on explicit knowledge rather than tacit knowledge, which may reduce the ability to create knowledge creation and ultimately to innovate.     

Driving Activity: How to Improve Knowledge of the Environment

This paper concerns the problem of driving assistance and, in particular, how to improve the perception of the surrounding environment to make this assistance really helpful. The main aims of a Driving Assistance System are to improve the security of the driver, passengers, and other road users. Driving is a complex activity, where the interactions between the driver, the vehicle, and the environment are continuous and numerous. The vehicle moves in a dynamic environment, so the Driving Assistance System, for its diagnosis, needs a map that represents as well as possible the actual situation of this environment. This paper presents a multi-sensor fusion module embedded in a real vehicle. The problem considered here is the dynamic reconstruction of the environment of the vehicle, based on measurements of a set of sensors.     

hGRDDL: Bridging microformats and RDFa

We propose hGRDDL (pronounced “h-griddle”), a simple mechanism for transforming ad hoc HTML-embedded structured data, such as microformats, into RDFa. This technique preserves the advantages of the original syntax, notably the correspondence between the rendered HTML and the related structured data, and requires little change on the publisher end. RDFa tool developers can leverage the existing deployments of microformats, while focusing new deployments on RDFa for greater extensibility and consistency, all using the same client-side toolset. We provide a prototype implementation of the hGRDDL processor and of transformations for hCard and hCal, two popular microformats.     

基于数据库的故障诊断知识库的创建

本文通过对数据库和知识库的分析比较，指出了在关系数据库平台的基础上建立知识库的可行性，结合一个实际专家系统知识库的创建过程，给出了在关系数据库系统中建立知识库的方法，以及如何运用数据库系统良好的数据管理，用户权限设置等实现知识库的管理，维护功能以及知识库的安全保护等。     

Value Creation in a Network: The Role of Pricing and Revenue Optimization and Enterprise Profit OptimizationTM

The Internet has created a virtual upheaval in the structural features of the supply and demand chains for most businesses. New agents and marketplaces have surfaced. The potential to create value and enhance profitable opportunities has attracted both buyers and sellers to the Internet. Yet, the Internet has proven to be more complex than originally thought. With information comes complexity: the more the information in real time, the greater the difficulty in interpretation and absorption. How can the value-creating potential of the Internet still be realized, its complexity notwithstanding? This paper argues that with the emergence of innovative tools, the expectations of the Internet as a medium for enhanced profit opportunities can still be realized. Creating value on a continuing basis is central to sustaining profitable opportunities. This paper provides an overview of the value creation process in electronic networks, the emergence of the Internet as a viable business communication and collaboration medium, the proclamation by many that the future of the Internet resides in “embedded intelligence”, and the perspectives of pragmatists who point out the other facet of the Internet—its complexity. The paper then reviews some recent new tools that have emerged to address this complexity. In particular, the promise of Pricing and Revenue Optimization (PRO) and Enterprise Profit Optimization^TM (EPO) tools is discussed. The paper suggests that as buyers and sellers adopt EPO, the market will see the emergence of a truly intelligent network—a virtual network—of private and semi-public profitable communities.     

Modeling of Creation of the Complex on Intelligent Information Systems Learning and Knowledge Control

This paper analyzes a design of intelligent information systems learning and knowledge control (IISLKC). This paper also identifies the key components and modules and performs functional design and different interaction methods for the task.     

The GSRC: Bridging Academia and Industry

Finding parallelism in application code and exploiting it through automatic tools is the Holy Grail of high-performance computing. Success in this endeavor requires major industry participation, not only among processor chip and hardware system developers but also among operating system and tool providers. Most important, participation is needed among the application writers and developers who will in many ways drive toward acceptable solutions.     

Bridging IT and business: techno MBAs

As we more fully enter the information age, technology is creating new competitors and new strategic options for business. Moreover, as operations become more critical in a world with shorter product cycles and lead times, the importance of integrated information systems becomes apparent. On the other hand, businesses often have many disparate systems in place for order fulfillment, shop floor management, and accounting. Businesses would like to model this information and have it accessible for coordinated analysis of processes, finances, and business goals. Not surprisingly, suppliers of integrated enterprise systems are seeing tremendous sales growth. In general, companies are struggling to answer the questions: Are investments in information technologies paying off? How do we successfully manage the implementation of these new and complex systems? If you are a supplier of information technology, whether it be software or hardware, are there people in your organization who can help answer such questions? Do you have people who know business, understand technology, and have some feel for the pitfalls that occur when the two worlds collide? To fill the perceived gap, several universities have developed programs to produce these hybrid business managers with one foot in the business world and the other in the IT world     

COSSET+: Crowdsourced Missing Value Imputation Optimized by Knowledge Base

Missing value imputation with crowdsourcing is a novel method in data cleaning to capture missing values that could hardly be filled with automatic approaches. However, the time cost and overhead in crowdsourcing are high. Therefore, we have to reduce cost and guarantee the accuracy of crowdsourced imputation. To achieve the optimization goal, we present COSSET+, a crowdsourced framework optimized by knowledge base. We combine the advantages of both knowledge-based filter and crowdsourcing platform to capture missing values. Since the amount of crowd values will affect the cost of COSSET+, we aim to select partial missing values to be crowdsourced. We prove that the crowd value selection problem is an NP-hard problem and develop an approximation algorithm for this problem. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed approaches.